词典列表:
Custom directive where case is determined by user
<b>upon loss of focus</b> (clean approach):
</div>
<input type="radio" name='case' value="lowercase">lowercase
<br>
<input type="radio" name='case' value="uppercase">UPPERCASE
<br>
<input type="text" submit="submit" [appInputFormat2]="'lowercase'">
我需要加入所有嵌套字典以达到预期的输出:
data = [{
'a':{'l':'Apple',
'b':'Milk',
'd':'Meatball'},
'b':{'favourite':'coke',
'dislike':'juice'}
},
{
'a':{'l':'Apple1',
'b':'Milk1',
'd':'Meatball2'},
'b':{'favourite':'coke2',
'dislike':'juice3'}
}, ...
]
我尝试嵌套列表理解,但不能一起加入dict:
[{'d': 'Meatball', 'b': 'Milk', 'l': 'Apple', 'dislike': 'juice', 'favourite': 'coke'},
{'d': 'Meatball2', 'b': 'Milk1', 'l': 'Apple1', 'dislike': 'juice3', 'favourite': 'coke2'}]
我正在寻找最快的解决方案。
答案 0 :(得分:21)
您可以使用2个嵌套循环执行此操作,并使用dict.update()
将内部词典添加到临时词典并在末尾添加它:
L = []
for d in data:
temp = {}
for key in d:
temp.update(d[key])
L.append(temp)
# timeit ~1.4
print(L)
哪个输出:
[{'l': 'Apple', 'b': 'Milk', 'd': 'Meatball', 'favourite': 'coke', 'dislike': 'juice'}, {'l': 'Apple1', 'b': 'Milk1', 'd': 'Meatball2', 'favourite': 'coke2', 'dislike': 'juice3'}]
答案 1 :(得分:18)
您可以使用itertools.chain
执行以下操作:
>>> from itertools import chain
# timeit: ~3.40
>>> [dict(chain(*map(dict.items, d.values()))) for d in data]
[{'l': 'Apple',
'b': 'Milk',
'd': 'Meatball',
'favourite': 'coke',
'dislike': 'juice'},
{'l': 'Apple1',
'b': 'Milk1',
'dislike': 'juice3',
'favourite': 'coke2',
'd': 'Meatball2'}]
chain
,map
,*
的使用使得这个表达式成为以下双重嵌套理解的简写,它实际上在我的系统上表现更好(Python 3.5.2)并且isn&# 39;更长的时间:
# timeit: ~2.04
[{k: v for x in d.values() for k, v in x.items()} for d in data]
# Or, not using items, but lookup by key
# timeit: ~1.67
[{k: x[k] for x in d.values() for k in x} for d in data]
RoadRunner's循环和更新方法在timeit: ~1.37
答案 2 :(得分:5)
你可以使用functools.reduce
以及一个简单的列表理解来展平词典列表
>>> from functools import reduce
>>> data = [{'b': {'dislike': 'juice', 'favourite': 'coke'}, 'a': {'l': 'Apple', 'b': 'Milk', 'd': 'Meatball'}}, {'b': {'dislike': 'juice3', 'favourite': 'coke2'}, 'a': {'l': 'Apple1', 'b': 'Milk1', 'd': 'Meatball2'}}]
>>> [reduce(lambda x,y: {**x,**y},d.values()) for d in data]
>>> [{'dislike': 'juice', 'l': 'Apple', 'd': 'Meatball', 'b': 'Milk', 'favourite': 'coke'}, {'dislike': 'juice3', 'l': 'Apple1', 'd': 'Meatball2', 'b': 'Milk1', 'favourite': 'coke2'}]
时间基准如下:
>>> import timeit
>>> setup = """
from functools import reduce
data = [{'b': {'dislike': 'juice', 'favourite': 'coke'}, 'a': {'l': 'Apple', 'b': 'Milk', 'd': 'Meatball'}}, {'b': {'dislike': 'juice3', 'favourite': 'coke2'}, 'a': {'l': 'Apple1', 'b': 'Milk1', 'd': 'Meatball2'}}]
"""
>>> min(timeit.Timer("[reduce(lambda x,y: {**x,**y},d.values()) for d in data]",setup=setup).repeat(3,1000000))
>>> 1.525032774952706
我机器上其他答案的时间基准
>>> setup = """
data = [{'b': {'dislike': 'juice', 'favourite': 'coke'}, 'a': {'l': 'Apple', 'b': 'Milk', 'd': 'Meatball'}}, {'b': {'dislike': 'juice3', 'favourite': 'coke2'}, 'a': {'l': 'Apple1', 'b': 'Milk1', 'd': 'Meatball2'}}]
"""
>>> min(timeit.Timer("[{k: v for x in d.values() for k, v in x.items()} for d in data]",setup=setup).repeat(3,1000000))
>>> 2.2488374650129117
>>> min(timeit.Timer("[{k: x[k] for x in d.values() for k in x} for d in data]",setup=setup).repeat(3,1000000))
>>> 1.8990078769857064
>>> code = """
L = []
for d in data:
temp = {}
for key in d:
temp.update(d[key])
L.append(temp)
"""
>>> min(timeit.Timer(code,setup=setup).repeat(3,1000000))
>>> 1.4258553800173104
>>> setup = """
from itertools import chain
data = [{'b': {'dislike': 'juice', 'favourite': 'coke'}, 'a': {'l': 'Apple', 'b': 'Milk', 'd': 'Meatball'}}, {'b': {'dislike': 'juice3', 'favourite': 'coke2'}, 'a': {'l': 'Apple1', 'b': 'Milk1', 'd': 'Meatball2'}}]
"""
>>> min(timeit.Timer("[dict(chain(*map(dict.items, d.values()))) for d in data]",setup=setup).repeat(3,1000000))
>>> 3.774383604992181
答案 3 :(得分:3)
如果您的嵌套字典只包含&#39; a&#39;和&#39; b&#39;键,然后我建议我发现以下解决方案快速且易于理解(出于可读性目的):
L = [x['a'] for x in data]
b = [x['b'] for x in data]
for i in range(len(L)):
L[i].update(b[i])
# timeit ~1.4
print(L)