Question

我正在做一些在Python 3.6中输入的实验。我想设计一个可以用两种方式实例化的实体类：

使用普通初始值设定项（p = Person(name='Hannes', age=27)）
静态来自状态对象（p = Person.from_state(person_state)）。

Person派生的Entity类将状态类作为泛型参数。但是，在使用pypy验证代码时，我收到一个错误，即Person＃from_state没有从它继承的类中获取状态类型：

untitled2.py:47：错误：“实体”的“from_state”的参数1具有不兼容的类型“UserState”;预期的“StateType”

我认为通过继承Entity[UserState]，StateType将绑定到UserState，子类中的方法签名会相应更新。

这是完整的代码。我已经标记了我怀疑我在?????做错事的行。第47行几乎位于底部并在代码中标记。

from typing import TypeVar, Generic, NamedTuple, List, NewType

EntityId = NewType('EntityId', str)

StateType = TypeVar('StateType')

class Entity(Generic[StateType]):
    id: EntityId = None
    state: StateType = None

    @classmethod
    def from_state(cls, state: StateType): # ?????
        ret = object.__new__(cls)
        ret.id = None
        ret.state = state
        return ret

    def assign_id(self, id: EntityId) -> None:
        self.id = id

class UserState(NamedTuple):
    name: str
    age: int

class User(Entity[UserState]):
    def __init__(self, name, age) -> None:
        super().__init__()
        self.state = UserState(name=name, age=age)

    @property
    def name(self) -> str:
        return self.state.name

    @property
    def age(self) -> int:
        return self.state.age

    def have_birthday(self) -> None:
        new_age = self.state.age+1
        self.state = self.state._replace(age=new_age)

# Create first object with constructor
u1 = User(name='Anders', age=47)

# Create second object from state
user_state = UserState(name='Hannes', age=27)
u2 = User.from_state(user_state) # Line 47

print(u1.state)
print(u2.state)

Answer 1

我知道这个问题有点老，但仅供将来参考：

from __future__ import annotations
from typing import NamedTuple, Optional, Type


class UserState(NamedTuple):
    name: str
    age: int


class Entity:
    id: Optional[str]
    state: UserState

    @classmethod
    def from_state(cls: Type[Entity], state: UserState) -> Entity:
        entity_from_state: Entity = object.__new__(cls)
        entity_from_state.id = None
        entity_from_state.state = state
        return entity_from_state

    def assign_id(self, id: str) -> None:
        self.id = id


class User(Entity):
    def __init__(self, name: str, age: int) -> None:
        self.state = UserState(name=name, age=age)

    @property
    def name(self) -> str:
        return self.state.name

    @property
    def age(self) -> int:
        return self.state.age

    def have_birthday(self) -> None:
        new_age = self.state.age + 1
        self.state = self.state._replace(age=new_age)


# Create first object with constructor
u1 = User(name="Anders", age=47)

# Create second object from state
user_state = UserState(name="Hannes", age=27)
u2 = User.from_state(user_state)  # Line 47

print(u1.state)
print(u2.state)

通过键入在python 3中继承泛型类型

1 个答案: