如何从PyMSSQL中捕获异常

时间:2018-02-04 17:08:03

标签: sql-server python-3.x exception-handling pymssql

我正在使用PyMSSQL连接数据库。但是,如果我输入不正确的详细信息或存在其他问题,PyMSSQL会抛出异常。但是,我无法弄清楚如何捕获异常。我已经使用了我能想到的每一种变化,但我似乎无法以优雅的方式捕捉异常。

我的连接代码是:

import pymssql
import getpass

tempServer = input("Enter host: ")
tempUser = input("Enter user: ")
tempPwd = getpass.getpass("Enter password: ")

try:
    phjTempConnection = pymssql.connect(server = tempServer,
                                        user = tempUser,
                                        password = tempPwd,
                                        port = '1433')
except pymssql.MSSQLDatabaseException:
    print("ERROR")

如果我在输入字段中输入废话,我会得到以下输出:

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
MSSQLDatabaseException                    Traceback (most recent call last)
pymssql.pyx in pymssql.connect (pymssql.c:10734)()

_mssql.pyx in _mssql.connect (_mssql.c:21821)()

_mssql.pyx in _mssql.MSSQLConnection.__init__ (_mssql.c:6581)()

_mssql.pyx in _mssql.maybe_raise_MSSQLDatabaseException (_mssql.c:17524)()

MSSQLDatabaseException: (18456, b'Unknown error')

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

OperationalError                          Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-21-22d7fd0e3d05> in <module>()
     11                                         password = tempPwd,
---> 12                                         port = '1433')
     13 except pymssql.MSSQLDatabaseException:

pymssql.pyx in pymssql.connect (pymssql.c:10824)()

OperationalError: (18456, b'Unknown error')

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

AttributeError                            Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-21-22d7fd0e3d05> in <module>()
     11                                         password = tempPwd,
     12                                         port = '1433')
---> 13 except pymssql.MSSQLDatabaseException:
     14     print("ERROR")

AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'MSSQLDatabaseException'

我原以为输出会提供足够的信息,以便能够找出如何捕获MSSQLDatabaseException异常,但我已经尝试过各种各样的变化而没有成功。

如何使用输出来计算捕获异常的方法?

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

经过一番探索,我找到了一个合理的解决方案。使用原始问题中的代码(使用pymssql.connect()),引发了两个可能的异常。如果输入了正确的服务器地址但用户名或密码不正确,则引发MSSQLDatabaseException。但是,如果服务器地址不正确,则会引发MSSQLDriverException(但请参阅结尾处的注释)。要从这些错误中正常退出,似乎有必要捕获pymssql.InterfaceError(捕获MSSQLDriverException)和pymssql.DatabaseError(捕获MSSQLDatabaseError)。

import pymssql
import getpass

tempServer = input("Enter host: ")
tempUser = input("Enter user: ")
tempPwd = getpass.getpass("Enter password: ")

try:
    phjTempConnection = pymssql.connect(server = tempServer,
                                        user = tempUser,
                                        password = tempPwd,
                                        port = '1433')
except pymssql.InterfaceError:
    print("A MSSQLDriverException has been caught.")

except pymssql.DatabaseError:
    print("A MSSQLDatabaseException has been caught.")

或者,可以捕获使用_mysql生成的异常,如注释中的匹配所示。 (但是,在这种情况下,随后将数据导入Pandas数据帧时出现问题,因为_mssql没有Cursor属性。)

import pymssql
import _mssql
import getpass

tempServer = input("Enter host: ")
tempUser = input("Enter user: ")
tempPwd = getpass.getpass("Enter password: ")

try:
    phjTempConnection = _mssql.connect(server = tempServer,
                                       user = tempUser,
                                       password = tempPwd,
                                       port = '1433')

except _mssql.MssqlDriverException:
    print("A MSSQLDriverException has been caught.")

except _mssql.MssqlDatabaseException as e:
    print("A MSSQLDatabaseException has been caught.")
    print('Number = ',e.number)
    print('Severity = ',e.severity)
    print('State = ',e.state)
    print('Message = ',e.message)

希望这对其他人有用。

(NB如果在第一次运行这些函数之一时输入的SQL SERVER的地址不正确,则会引发MSSQLDriverException。如果输入了正确的服务器地址(但用户和密码不正确),则会引发MSSQLDatabaseException但是,如果随后输入了错误的服务器,将继续引发MSSQLDatabaseException,而不是像第一种情况那样引发MSSQLDriverException。)

答案 1 :(得分:1)

文档暗示该异常是_mssql模块的一部分,因此您可能需要在此处捕获_mssql.MSSQLDatabaseException

http://pymssql.org/en/stable/_mssql_examples.html