Question

我正在尝试在亚马逊Linux机器上安装Chromium（或Chrome，无论哪个）。

我尝试了很多步骤，但无济于事。这是我尝试过的：

Simple Yum Install

yum install epel       # worked
yum install chromium

生成错误消息：

Error: Package: chromium-31.0.1650.63-2.el6.x86_64 (chromium-el6)
           Requires: libgnome-keyring.so.0()(64bit)
Error: Package: chromium-31.0.1650.63-2.el6.x86_64 (chromium-el6)
           Requires: libgtk-x11-2.0.so.0()(64bit)
Error: Package: chromium-31.0.1650.63-2.el6.x86_64 (chromium-el6)
           Requires: libgdk_pixbuf-2.0.so.0()(64bit)
Error: Package: chromium-31.0.1650.63-2.el6.x86_64 (chromium-el6)
           Requires: libXss.so.1()(64bit)
Error: Package: chromium-31.0.1650.63-2.el6.x86_64 (chromium-el6)
           Requires: libgdk-x11-2.0.so.0()(64bit)
Error: Package: chromium-31.0.1650.63-2.el6.x86_64 (chromium-el6)
           Requires: libcanberra-gtk2(x86-64)
Error: Package: chromium-31.0.1650.63-2.el6.x86_64 (chromium-el6)
           Requires: libatk-1.0.so.0()(64bit)

Yum安装特定的RPM软件包

我尝试下载Chrome RPM，the latest stable version以及特定版本，然后运行

yum install google-chrome-stable-64.0.3282.119-1.x86_64.rpm

它产生了相同的错误消息

手动程序

从https://commondatastorage.googleapis.com/chromium-browser-snapshots/index.html?prefix=Linux_x64/532015/下载二进制文件

运行它会生成错误消息

加载共享库时出现
错误：libXcursor.so.1：无法打开共享对象文件：没有这样的文件或目录

我跑了

yum install libXcursor
yum install libXfixes     # because chrome was then complaining about that library
yum install libXdamage    # and subsequently that one

这一切都有效。

然而，Chrome开始抱怨libcups库：

加载共享库时出现
错误：libcups.so.2：无法打开共享对象文件：没有这样的文件或目录

yum找不到

libcups，似乎这是因为它是一个32位的库。某些页面建议安装ia32-libs作为解决方案，但运行yum install ia32-libs表明它已安装。

我无法超越那一点。

其他

我也尝试了here提到的步骤，但这不起作用
某些页面指向使用dpkg，但该命令在Amazon Linux上显然不存在
apt

Answer 1

这些答案都不起作用，而且它们都没有真正解决亚马逊 linux 的问题，

如果您使用的是 EC2 实例或任何其他运行 Amazon linux 的服务器，要真正解决问题，您应该按照以下步骤操作。

通过运行命令为 Enterprise Linux 启用并安装 Extra Packages
```
sudo amazon-linux-extras install epel -y
```
成功安装所有额外的包后，照常安装chromimum
```
sudo yum install -y chromium
```

一旦你这样做了，Chromium 将拥有所有必需的东西，例如 libatk* libgdk* 等......

您应该能够轻松启动 Chromium

您在此处查看的遗漏包，实际上并没有遗漏，它们是默认设置，您只需启用它们，AWS 文档中有详细记录。

https://aws.amazon.com/premiumsupport/knowledge-center/ec2-enable-epel/

Answer 2

为了让无头chrome工作在Lambda上，我部署了一个相同的AMI作为EC2实例（目前是amzn-ami-hvm-2017.03.1.20170812-x86_64-gp2）。安装chrome后，通常会缺少依赖项。

参考：https://medium.com/mockingbot/run-puppeteer-chrome-headless-on-ec2-amazon-linux-ami-6c9c6a17bee6

导航到包含chrome可执行文件的文件夹，并使用ldd检查缺少的依赖项：

$ ldd chrome | grep not
libpangocairo-1.0.so.0 => not found
libpango-1.0.so.0 => not found
libcairo.so.2 => not found
libXcursor.so.1 => not found
libXdamage.so.1 => not found
libXfixes.so.3 => not found
libcups.so.2 => not found
libXss.so.1 => not found
libXrandr.so.2 => not found
libgconf-2.so.4 => not found
libatk-1.0.so.0 => not found
libgtk-3.so.0 => not found
libgdk-3.so.0 => not found
libgdk_pixbuf-2.0.so.0 => not found

安装以下内容：

$ sudo yum install cups-libs dbus-glib libXrandr libXcursor libXinerama cairo cairo-gobject pango

再次检查：

$ ldd chrome | grep not
libXss.so.1 => not found
libgconf-2.so.4 => not found
libatk-1.0.so.0 => not found
libgtk-3.so.0 => not found
libgdk-3.so.0 => not found
libgdk_pixbuf-2.0.so.0 => not found

我们需要从疯狂的大型RPM中获取这些依赖项：

# Install ATK from CentOS 7
$ sudo rpm -ivh --nodeps http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/atk-2.22.0-3.el7.x86_64.rpm
$ sudo rpm -ivh --nodeps http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/at-spi2-atk-2.22.0-2.el7.x86_64.rpm
$ sudo rpm -ivh --nodeps http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/at-spi2-core-2.22.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
# Install GTK from fedora 20
$ sudo rpm -ivh --nodeps http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/archive/fedora/linux/releases/20/Fedora/x86_64/os/Packages/g/GConf2-3.2.6-7.fc20.x86_64.rpm
$ sudo rpm -ivh --nodeps http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/archive/fedora/linux/releases/20/Fedora/x86_64/os/Packages/l/libXScrnSaver-1.2.2-6.fc20.x86_64.rpm
$ sudo rpm -ivh --nodeps http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/archive/fedora/linux/releases/20/Fedora/x86_64/os/Packages/l/libxkbcommon-0.3.1-1.fc20.x86_64.rpm
$ sudo rpm -ivh --nodeps http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/archive/fedora/linux/releases/20/Fedora/x86_64/os/Packages/l/libwayland-client-1.2.0-3.fc20.x86_64.rpm
$ sudo rpm -ivh --nodeps http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/archive/fedora/linux/releases/20/Fedora/x86_64/os/Packages/l/libwayland-cursor-1.2.0-3.fc20.x86_64.rpm
$ sudo rpm -ivh --nodeps http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/archive/fedora/linux/releases/20/Fedora/x86_64/os/Packages/g/gtk3-3.10.4-1.fc20.x86_64.rpm
# Install Gdk-Pixbuf from fedora 16
$ sudo rpm -ivh --nodeps http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/archive/fedora/linux/releases/16/Fedora/x86_64/os/Packages/gdk-pixbuf2-2.24.0-1.fc16.x86_64.rpm

那应该解决所有的依赖关系，chrome应该能够运行，最后!!

Answer 3

我将铬用于通过CodeBuild启动的AWS Ubuntu进行无头测试。我发现我必须更新节点并安装一组铬依赖项。

#!/bin/sh
echo "Installing nodejs (which will include node and npm)"
echo 'debconf debconf/frontend select Noninteractive' | debconf-set-selections
curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_10.x | bash -
apt-get install -y nodejs  
echo "Installing chromium dependencies"
apt-get install -yq gconf-service libasound2 libatk1.0-0 libc6 libcairo2 libcups2 libdbus-1-3 \
libexpat1 libfontconfig1 libgcc1 libgconf-2-4 libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0 libglib2.0-0 libgtk-3-0 libnspr4 \
libpango-1.0-0 libpangocairo-1.0-0 libstdc++6 libx11-6 libx11-xcb1 libxcb1 libxcomposite1 \
libxcursor1 libxdamage1 libxext6 libxfixes3 libxi6 libxrandr2 libxrender1 libxss1 libxtst6 \
ca-certificates fonts-liberation libappindicator1 libnss3 lsb-release xdg-utils wget

在Amazon Linux上安装Chromium

Simple Yum Install

Yum安装特定的RPM软件包

手动程序

其他

3 个答案: