我正在研究我的学校项目，该项目主要关注周期表和碳氢化合物。我试着做一些不同的事情，所以我为每个函数制作了自定义头文件，并将它们包含在主程序中。我现在也想使用文件处理概念。所以我决定将所有元素名称和符号及其原子序数放在文本文件中。我尝试在用户输入atomic no的帮助下访问它们，并决定在文本文件中为它设置模式，前3个空格将是数字或空格，然后是空格，然后是元素名称，如：
1(space)(space)(space)Hydrogen(H)
:
20(space)(space)Calcium(Ca)
:
118(space)Oganesson(Og)
这是我的头文件与此特定程序有关
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<dos.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<fstream.h>
#include<string.h>
void ptablefunc()
{int a_no, s1, s2, p2, s3, p3, s4, d3, p4, s5, d4, p5, s6, f4, d5, p6, s7, f5, d6, p7;
int no[30];
char name[15];
textcolor(GREEN);
textbackground(BLACK);
clrscr();
randomize();
int k,l,m,n,o,p,q;
cout<<"\t\t\t PERIODIC TABLE\n";
cout<<"\n 1___2___3___4___5___6___7___8___9__10__11__12__13__14__15__16__17__18_____\n";
cout<<" 1 | H | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | He|\n";
cout<<" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n";
cout<<" 2 | li| Be| | | | | | | | | | | B| C | N | O | F | Ne|\n";
cout<<" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n";
cout<<" 3 | Na| Mg| | | | | | | | | | | Al| Si| P | S | Cl| Ar|\n";
cout<<" --------------------------------------------------------------------------\n";
cout<<" 4 | K | Ca| Sc| Ti| V | Cr| Mn| Fe| Co| Ni| Cu| Zn| Ga| Ge| As| Se| Br| Kr|\n";
cout<<" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n";
cout<<" 5 | Rb| Sr| Y | Zr| Nb| Mo| Tc| Ru| Rh| Pd| Ag| Cd| In| Sn| Sb| Te| I | Xe|\n";
cout<<" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n";
cout<<" 6 | Cs| Ba| * | Hf| Ta| W | Re| Os| Ir| Pt| Au| Hg| Tl| Pb| Bi| Po| At| Rn|\n";
cout<<" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n";
cout<<" 7 | Fr| Ra| * | Rf| Db| Sg| Bh| Hs| Mt| Ds| Rg| Cn| Nh| Fl| Mc| Lv| Ts| Og|\n";
cout<<" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------";
cout<<" \n * (Lanthanoid series) La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu\n";
cout<<" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n";
cout<<" * (Actinoid series) Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr\n";
cout<<"\n";
cout<<"\tEnter the atomic number of the element you want to search for:";
cout<<"\n\n\t\t\t\t ->";
cin>>a_no;
clrscr();
textbackground(BLACK);
textcolor(RED+BLINK);
clrscr();
for(int i=0;i<12;i++)
cout<<endl;
cout<<"\t\t\t\t LOADING...";
delay(2000);
textcolor(GREEN);
clrscr();
cout<<"\n\n";
cout<<"\t\t\t\t ";
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------
ifstream element;
element.open("table.txt",ios::in);
while(!element.eof())
{
cout<<no<<endl;
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
if(a_no>=1&&a_no<=118) //to print the atomic number of the given element
{
if (a_no<119)
cout<<endl<<"\n\nAtomic Number of element is "<<a_no<<endl<<endl;
}
delay(500);
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
if(a_no==1)//to find the atomic mass of the given element
cout<<"Atomic mass of element is "<<a_no<<endl<<endl;
if (a_no>1 && a_no<22)
cout<<"Atomic mass of element is "<<2*a_no+random(2)<<endl<<endl;
else if (a_no>22 && a_no<32)
cout<<"Atomic mass of element is "<<2*a_no+random(3)+2<<endl<<endl;
else if (a_no>31 && a_no<38)
cout<<"Atomic mass of element is "<<2*a_no+random(5)+5<<endl<<endl;
else if (a_no>37 && a_no<46)
cout<<"Atomic mass of element is "<<2*a_no+random(5)+8<<endl<<endl;
else if (a_no>45 && a_no<58)
cout<<"Atomic mass of element is "<<2*a_no+random(8)+12<<endl<<endl;
else if (a_no>57 && a_no<72)
cout<<"Atomic mass of element is "<<(245*a_no)/100<<endl<<endl;
else if (a_no>71 && a_no<81)
cout<<"Atomic mass of element is "<<(25*a_no)/10<<endl<<endl;
else if (a_no>80 && a_no<103)
cout<<"Atomic mass of element is "<<(256*a_no)/100<<endl<<endl;
else if (a_no>102 && a_no<113)
cout<<"Atomic mass of element is "<<(254*a_no)/100<<endl<<endl;
else if (a_no>112 && a_no<119)
cout<<"Atomic mass of element is "<<(251*a_no)/100<<endl<<endl;
delay(500);
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
if (a_no==1) //the shell configuration of the given element
{k=1;
cout<<"The shell configuration of the element is -> "<<"K-"<<k<<endl<<endl;}
else if (a_no==2)
{k=2;
cout<<"The shell configuration of the element is -> "<<"K-"<<k<<endl<<endl; }
else if (a_no>2 && a_no<11)
{k=2;
l=a_no-2;
cout<<"The shell configuration of the element is -> "<<"K-"<<k<<" L-"<<l<<endl<<endl;}
else if (a_no>=11 && a_no<19)
{k=2;
l=8;
m=a_no-10;
cout<<"The shell configuration of the element is -> "<<"K-"<<k<<" L-"<<l<<" M-"<<m<<endl<<endl;}
else if (a_no>=19 && a_no<21)
{k=2;
l=8;
m=8;
n=a_no-18;
cout<<"The shell configuration of the element is -> "<<"K-"<<k<<" L-"<<l<<" M-"<<m<<" N-"<<n<<endl<<endl;}
else if (a_no>=21 && a_no<29)
{k=2;
l=8;
n=2;
m=a_no-12;
cout<<"The shell configuration of the element is -> "<<"K-"<<k<<" L-"<<l<<" M-"<<m<<" N-"<<n<<endl<<endl;}
else if ((a_no>=29 && a_no<37) ||(a_no==46))
{k=2;
l=8;
m=18;
n=a_no-28;
cout<<"The shell configuration of the element is -> "<<"K-"<<k<<" L-"<<l<<" M-"<<m<<" N-"<<n<<endl<<endl;}
else if (a_no==37 || a_no==38)
{k=2;
l=8;
m=18;
n=8;
o=a_no-36;
cout<<"The shell configuration of the element is -> "<<"K-"<<k<<" L-"<<l<<" M-"<<m<<" N-"<<n<<" O-"<<o<<endl<<endl;}
else if (a_no==39 || a_no==40 || a_no==43)
{k=2;
l=8;
m=18;
o=2;
n=a_no-30;
cout<<"The shell configuration of the element is -> "<<"K-"<<k<<" L-"<<l<<" M-"<<m<<" N-"<<n<<" O-"<<o<<endl<<endl;}
else if(a_no==41 || a_no==42 || a_no==44 || a_no==45)
{k=2;
l=8;
m=18;
o=1;
n=a_no-29;
cout<<"The shell configuration of the element is -> "<<"K-"<<k<<" L-"<<l<<" M-"<<m<<" N-"<<n<<" O-"<<o<<endl<<endl;}
else if(a_no>=47 && a_no<55)
{k=2;
l=8;
m=18;
n=18;
o=a_no-46;
cout<<"The shell configuration of the element is -> "<<"K-"<<k<<" L-"<<l<<" M-"<<m<<" N-"<<n<<" O-"<<o<<endl<<endl;}
else if(a_no==55 || a_no==56)
{k=2;
l=8;
m=18;
n=18;
o=8;
p=a_no-54;
cout<<"The shell configuration of the element is -> "<<"K-"<<k<<" L-"<<l<<" M-"<<m<<" N-"<<n<<" O-"<<o<<" P-"<<p<<endl<<endl;}
else if(a_no==57 || a_no==58 || a_no==64 || a_no==71)
{k=2;
l=8;
m=18;
n=a_no-39;
o=9;
p=2;
cout<<"The shell configuration of the element is -> "<<"K-"<<k<<" L-"<<l<<" M-"<<m<<" N-"<<n<<" O-"<<o<<" P-"<<p<<endl<<endl;}
else if((a_no>=59 && a_no<64) || (a_no>=65 && a_no<71))
{k=2;
l=8;
m=18;
n=a_no-38;
o=8;
p=2;
cout<<"The shell configuration of the element is -> "<<"K-"<<k<<" L-"<<l<<" M-"<<m<<" N-"<<n<<" O-"<<o<<" P-"<<p<<endl<<endl;}
else if(a_no>=72 && a_no<81)
{k=2;
l=8;
m=18;
n=32;
o=a_no-62;
p=2;
cout<<"The shell configuration of the element is -> "<<"K-"<<k<<" L-"<<l<<" M-"<<m<<" N-"<<n<<" O-"<<o<<" P-"<<p<<endl<<endl;}
else if(a_no>=81 && a_no<87)
{k=2;
l=8;
m=18;
n=32;
o=18;
p=a_no-78;
cout<<"The shell configuration of the element is -> "<<"K-"<<k<<" L-"<<l<<" M-"<<m<<" N-"<<n<<" O-"<<o<<" P-"<<p<<endl<<endl;}
else if(a_no==87 || a_no==88)
{k=2;
l=8;
m=18;
n=32;
o=18;
p=8;
q=a_no-86;
cout<<"The shell configuration of the element is -> "<<"K-"<<k<<" L-"<<l<<" M-"<<m<<" N-"<<n<<" O-"<<o<<" P-"<<p<<" Q-"<<q<<endl<<endl;}
else if((a_no>=97 && a_no<104) || a_no==94 || a_no==95)
{k=2;
l=8;
m=18;
n=32;
o=a_no-70;
p=8;
q=2;
cout<<"The shell configuration of the element is -> "<<"K-"<<k<<" L-"<<l<<" M-"<<m<<" N-"<<n<<" O-"<<o<<" P-"<<p<<" Q-"<<q<<endl<<endl;}
else if(a_no==90)
{k=2;
l=8;
m=18;
n=32;
o=18;
p=10;
q=2;
cout<<"The shell configuration of the element is -> "<<"K-"<<k<<" L-"<<l<<" M-"<<m<<" N-"<<n<<" O-"<<o<<" P-"<<p<<" Q-"<<q<<endl<<endl;}
else if((a_no>=91 && a_no<94) || a_no==89)
{k=2;
l=8;
m=18;
n=32;
o=a_no-71;
p=9;
q=2;
cout<<"The shell configuration of the element is -> "<<"K-"<<k<<" L-"<<l<<" M-"<<m<<" N-"<<n<<" O-"<<o<<" P-"<<p<<" Q-"<<q<<endl<<endl;}
else if((a_no>=104 && a_no<110) || a_no==112)
{k=2;
l=8;
m=18;
n=32;
o=32;
p=a_no-94;
q=2;
cout<<"The shell configuration of the element is -> "<<"K-"<<k<<" L-"<<l<<" M-"<<m<<" N-"<<n<<" O-"<<o<<" P-"<<p<<" Q-"<<q<<endl<<endl;}
else if(a_no==110 || a_no==111)
{k=2;
l=8;
m=18;
n=32;
o=32;
p=a_no-93;
q=1;
cout<<"The shell configuration of the element is -> "<<"K-"<<k<<" L-"<<l<<" M-"<<m<<" N-"<<n<<" O-"<<o<<" P-"<<p<<" Q-"<<q<<endl<<endl;}
else if(a_no>=113 && a_no<119)
{k=2;
l=8;
m=18;
n=32;
o=32;
p=18;
q=a_no-110;
cout<<"The shell configuration of the element is -> "<<"K-"<<k<<" L-"<<l<<" M-"<<m<<" N-"<<n<<" O-"<<o<<" P-"<<p<<" Q-"<<q<<endl<<endl;}
delay(500);
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//to find the electronic configuration of the element
cout<<"The electronic configuration of the element is : \n";
if (a_no<=2)
s1=a_no;
else if (a_no>2)
s1=2;
if (a_no<=4 && a_no>=2)
s2=a_no-2;
else if (a_no<2)
s2=0;
else
if (a_no>4)
s2=2;
if (a_no<=10 && a_no>=4)
p2=(a_no-4);
else if (a_no<4)
p2=0;
else
if (a_no>10)
p2=6 ;
if (a_no<=12 && a_no>=10)
s3=a_no-10;
else if (a_no<10)
s3=0;
else
if (a_no>12)
s3=2;
if (a_no<=18 && a_no>=12)
p3=a_no-12;
else if (a_no<12)
p3=0;
else
if (a_no>18)
p3=6;
if (a_no<=20 && a_no>=18)
s4=a_no-18;
else if (a_no<18)
s4=0;
else
if(a_no>20)
s4=2;
if (a_no<=30 && a_no>=20)
d3=a_no-20;
else if (a_no<20)
d3=0;
else
if (a_no>30)
d3=10;
if (a_no<=36 && a_no>=30)
p4=a_no-30;
else if (a_no<30)
p4=0;
else
if(a_no>36)
p4=6;
if (a_no<=38 && a_no>=36)
s5=a_no-36;
else if (a_no<36 || a_no==46 )
s5=0;
else
if((a_no>38 && a_no<41)|| a_no>47 || a_no==43)
s5=2;
else
if((a_no>40 && a_no<46)|| a_no==48)
s5=1;
if ((a_no<=40 && a_no>=38)||a_no==43)
d4=a_no-38;
else if ((a_no>=41 && a_no<=45)||a_no==47)
d4=a_no-37;
else if (a_no<38)
d4=0;
else
d4=10;
if (a_no<=54 && a_no>=48)
p5=a_no-48;
else if (a_no<48)
p5=0;
else
if (a_no>54)
p5=6;
if (a_no<=56 && a_no>=54)
s6=a_no-54;
else if (a_no<54)
s6=0;
else
if (a_no>56)
s6=2;
if (a_no<=70 && a_no>=56)
f4=a_no-56;
else if (a_no<56)
f4=0;
else
if(a_no>70)
f4=14;
if (a_no<=80 && a_no>=70)
d5=a_no-70;
else if (a_no<70)
d5=0;
else
if (a_no>80)
d5=10;
if (a_no<=86 && a_no>=80)
p6=a_no-80;
else if (a_no<80)
p6=0;
else
p6=6;
if (a_no<=88 && a_no>=86)
s7=a_no-86;
else if (a_no<86)
s7=0;
else
if(a_no>88)
s7=2;
if(a_no<=102 && a_no>=88)
f5=a_no-88;
else if (a_no<88)
f5=0;
else
if (a_no>102)
f5=14;
if (a_no<=112 && a_no>=102)
d6=a_no-102;
else if (a_no<102)
d6=0;
else
if(a_no>112)
d6=10;
if (a_no<=118 && a_no>=112)
p7=a_no-112;
else if (a_no<112)
p7=0;
else
if (a_no>118)
p7=6;
cout<<"\n 1s: "<<s1<<"\n 2s: "<<s2<<" 2p: "<<p2<<"\n 3s: "<<s3<<" 3p: "<<p3<<" 3d: "<<d3;
cout<<"\n 4s: "<<s4<<" 4p: "<<p4<<" 4d: "<<d4<<" 4f: "<<f4<<"\n 5s: "<<s5<<" 5p: "<<p5<<" 5d: "<<d5<<" 5f: "<<f5;
cout<<"\n 6s: "<<s6<<" 6p: "<<p6<<" 6d: "<<d6<<"\n 7s: "<<s7<<"\n 7p: "<<p7;
delay(500);
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
cout<<"\n\n Valency : "; //finding the valency of the given element
int v;
if(a_no==1 || a_no==2)
{ v=2-a_no;
cout<<v;}
else if(a_no>2 && a_no<7)
{ v=a_no-2;
cout<<v;}
else if(a_no>6 && a_no<11)
{ v=6-p2;
cout<<v;}
else if(a_no>10 && a_no<17)
{ v=a_no-10;
cout<<v;}
else if(a_no>16 && a_no<25)
{ v=fabs(a_no-18);
cout<<v;}
else if(a_no==28||a_no==29||a_no==36)
{ v=2;
cout<<v;}
else if(a_no>=30 && a_no<=35)
{ v=a_no-28;
cout<<v;}
else if(a_no>=37 && a_no<=43)
{ v=a_no-36;
cout<<v;}
else if(a_no>=47 && a_no<=53)
{ v=a_no-46;
cout<<v;}
else if(a_no>=55 && a_no<=58)
{ v=a_no-54;
cout<<v;}
else if((a_no>=60 && a_no<=70) || a_no==26 ||(a_no>=100 && a_no<=102))
{ v=3;
cout<<v;}
else if(a_no>=71 && a_no<=75)
{ v=a_no-68;
cout<<v;}
else if((a_no>=76&&a_no<=79)||a_no==86||a_no==93||a_no==94||a_no==44||a_no==45||a_no==54)
{ v=6;
cout<<v;}
else if(a_no>=80 && a_no<=85)
{ v=a_no-78;
cout<<v;}
else if(a_no>=87 && a_no<=92)
{ v=a_no-86;
cout<<v;}
else if((a_no>=95 && a_no<=99)||a_no==59||a_no==46||a_no==25||a_no==27)
{ v=4;
cout<<v;}
else if(a_no>=103 && a_no<=107)
{ v=a_no-100;
cout<<v;}
else if(a_no>=108 && a_no<=118)
{cout<<"not found yet";}
delay(500);
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
cout<<"\n\nRadioactivity status: "; //to find out the radioactive element
if (a_no==43 || a_no==61 || (a_no>=84 && a_no<119))
cout<<"The element is radioactive. "<<endl<<endl;
else
cout<<"The element is not radioactive. "<<endl<<endl;
getch();
}
我只需要知道如何检查a_no是否与文件中的原子序号匹配，如果匹配，我如何只输出它们匹配的行中的名称？
答案 0 :(得分：0)
您正试图将其标记为＆＃39;一个字符串，有一个函数在名为strtok()的C库中执行此操作。它接受一个输入字符串（你的行）并返回下一个字符串，直到它看到你指定的字符是分隔符，在这种情况下是空格。
char* token = strtok(line, delimiter);
while (token) // is not null
{
printf("The next token is %s\n", token);
token = strtok(NULL, delimiter);
}
strtok将忽略连续的分隔符，因此3,2或1个空格之间没有区别。
（空格不是一个很好的字符，可以用作分隔符，因为它们可以用单词出现。你应该对这段代码没问题，但是当你来到人们的名字时，请使用星号或其他东西。）
答案 1 :(得分：0)
我建议你做的是将代码运行时手动检查的所有信息写入f.e中的正确可序列化文件中。 JSON或XML格式，然后只使用一些C ++库将格式读入您的程序。
这是一个JSON示例，说明此文件的结构如何：
{
"19" : {
"name" : "Blahium",
"shortName" : "BL",
"mass" : 2,
"shellConfig" : {
"K" : 2,
"L" : 8,
"M" : 8,
"N" : 1
},
"electronicConfig" : {
"s1" : 12,
"p4" : 25
}
},
"20" : {
// ...
},
// ...
}
您可以用来读取此JSON数据的库可能是nlohmann::json，这很容易使用。
然后在您的代码中，您只需加载JSON，读取数据并打印即可。因此，例如，对于shell配置部分，你可能会有这样的东西，而不是拥有这300条if else语句和重复代码的行：
// nlohmann::json data is the above file serialized by the json library
void printElectronicConfiguration(nlohman::json data, int atomicNumber) {
auto item = data.find(atomicNumber);
if (item == data.end())
return; // return if element with that number wasn't found
cout << "The shell configuration of the element is -> ";
if (item["K"] != 0)
cout << "K-" << item["K"];
// etc
cout << endl;
}
如果示例不够清楚，我很抱歉，但是从您提供的600多行代码中，很难提取重要信息以及此数据方案的外观。