用多态

Question

我试图用一个例子来理解这个干净的代码实践。考虑具有折扣开关案例的类产品。我试图用多态性替换switch语句。

在代码之前：

class Product {
    String priceCode;
    int discount;

    Product(String priceCode) {
        setDiscount(priceCode);
    }

    public int getDiscount() {
        return discount;
    }

    public void setDiscount(String priceCode) {
        switch (priceCode) {
            case "CODE1":
                discount = // some logic;
            case "CODE2":
                discount = // some other logic;
            case "CODE3":
                discount = // some other logic;
        }
    }
}

在下面的代码中你可以看到我删除了switch语句但是我仍然有条件来创建discountStrategy的对象。 我的问题是，如果我试图用多态性去除条件，我仍然有。

代码后：

class Product {
    String priceCode;
    DiscountStrategy discountStrategy;

    Product(String priceCode) {
        setDiscount(priceCode);
    }

    public int getDiscount() {
        return discountStrategy.getDiscount();
    }

    public void setDiscount(String priceCode) {
        if (priceCode.equals("CODE1")) {
            discountStrategy = new DiscountStrategy1();
        } else if (priceCode.equals("CODE2")) {
            discountStrategy = new DiscountStrategy2();
        }
        // ...
    }
}

interface DiscountStrategy {
    public int getDiscount();
}

class DiscountStrategy1 implements DiscountStrategy {
    public int getDiscount() {
        // calculate & return discount;
    }
}

class DiscountStrategy2 implements DiscountStrategy {
    public int getDiscount() {
        // calculate & return discount;
    }
}

class DiscountStrategy3 implements DiscountStrategy {
    public int getDiscount() {
        // calculate & return discount;
    }
}

您能否通过更好地实施此示例来帮助我理解这个概念？

Answer 1

我认为Product class一定不了解折扣创建过程，它应该只使用折扣。因此，我的建议是创建一个带有Map的折扣工厂，该工厂将包含不同的折扣实施：

class DiscountFactory {
    private static final Map<String, DiscountStrategy> strategies = new HashMap<>();
    private static final DiscountStrategy DEFAULT_STRATEGY = () -> 0;

    static {
        strategies.put("code1", () -> 10);
        strategies.put("code2", () -> 20);
    }

    public DiscountStrategy getDiscountStrategy(String priceCode) {
        if (!strategies.containsKey(priceCode)) {
            return DEFAULT_STRATEGY;
        }
        return strategies.get(priceCode);
    }
}

之后，Product类可以简化：

class Product {
    private DiscountStrategy discountStrategy;

    Product(DiscountStrategy discountStrategy) {
        this.discountStrategy = discountStrategy;
    }

    public int getDiscount() {
        return discountStrategy.getDiscount();
    }
}

功能接口允许您使用lambda表达式创建不同的实现：

interface DiscountStrategy {
    int getDiscount();
}

最后，将产品与折扣一起使用的例子：

DiscountFactory factory = new DiscountFactory();
Product product = new Product(factory.getDiscountStrategy("code1"));

Answer 2

我的两分钱： 您需要将参数传递给discount()方法。

一个。创建DiscountStrategy的静态类级HashMap。 例如：

map.put("CODE1", new DiscountStrategy1());
map.put("CODE2", new DiscountStrategy2());

湾无论您需要什么，您都可以使用：

map.get(priceCode).discount()

Answer 3

这是你需要做的事情

    class Product {

    String priceCode;
    DiscountStrategy discountStrategy;

    HashMap<String, DiscountStrategy> map=new HashMap();

    Product(String priceCode) {
        map.put("CODE1", new DiscountStrategy1());
        map.put("CODE2", new DiscountStrategy2());
        map.put("CODE3", new DiscountStrategy3());
        setDiscount(priceCode);
    }

    public void setDiscount(String priceCode){
               discountStrategy=map.get(priceCode);
        }

    public int getDiscount() {
        return discountStrategy.getDiscount();
    }
}

Answer 4

当您的示例中似乎是这种情况时，折扣策略绑定到特定的产品类型，我会在订单商品级别计算折扣。 例如：

class Product {
    double basePrice;
    DiscountStrategy discountStrategy;

...

    public double getBasePrice() {
        return basePrice;
    }

    public DiscountStrategy getDiscountStrategy() {
        return discountStrategy;
    }
}

interface DiscountStrategy {
    public double calculate(int quantity, Product product);
}

class OrderItem {
    int quantity;
    Product product;

    public double getAmount() {
        DiscountStrategy ds = product.getDiscountStrategy();
        double discount = ds.calculate(quantity, product);
        return quantity*(product.getBasePrice() - discount);
    }
}

折扣策略示例：数量折扣：

class QuantityRateDiscount implements DiscountStrategy {
    static class QuantityRate {
        final int minQuantity;
        final double rate; // in %

        QuantityRate(int minQuantity, double rate) {
            this.minQuantity = minQuantity;
            this.rate = rate;
        }
    }

    QuantityRate[] rateTable;

    // rateTable must be sorted by ascending minQuantity
    QuantityRateDiscount(QuantityRate... rateTable) {
        this.rateTable = rateRable.clone();
    }

    @Override
    public double calculate(int quantity, Product product) {
        QuantityRate qr = null;
        for (QuantityRate qr2: rateTable) {
            if (qr2.minQuantity > quantity) {
                break;
            }
            qr = qr2;
        }
        if (qr != null) {
            return product.getBasePrice()*qr.rate/100.0;
        } else {
            return 0;
        }
    }
}