是否可以创建与所用键盘相同的键盘布局？

时间：2011-01-27 21:46:01

标签： c# .net globalization regional

如果我需要为看起来像他/她键盘的用户生成用于自定义的键盘布局，我该怎么办？

例如：

enter image description here

法语，瑞典语，英语，加拿大等将有不同的布局，对吧。这是很多工作还是只是使用某种内置.NET区域类的问题？

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分：10)

按键生成硬件事件，向Windows操作系统报告“扫描代码”。然后根据扫描代码以及其他键盘状态因子（大写锁定状态， Shift / Alt <）将此扫描代码转换为“虚拟键代码” / kbd> / Ctrl keystate，以及任何挂起的死键击中）。转换后的VK值是KeyDown事件等报告的值。

从扫描代码到VK代码的转换取决于当前的输入区域设置 - 简单地说，输入区域设置定义了扫描代码和虚拟键代码之间的映射。有关键盘输入的完整说明，请参阅the MSDN documentation。

通过反转此查找过程，可以确定与每个虚拟键码对应的扫描码（当然，由于shift / ctrl / alt状态等，相同的扫描码将映射到多个VK码）。 Win32 API使用MAPVK_VK_TO_VSC_EX选项提供MapVirtualKeyEx函数来执行此映射。您可以使用它来确定哪个扫描代码生成特定的VK代码。

不幸的是，这是以编程方式进行的 - 无法确定键盘的物理布局或每个扫描代码的键位置。但是，大多数物理键盘的布线方式相同，因此（例如）左上键在大多数物理键盘设计上都具有相同的扫描码。您可以使用此假设约定来推断与扫描代码对应的物理位置，具体取决于基本的物理键盘布局（101键，102键等）。这不是保证，但这是一个非常安全的猜测。

以下代码摘自我写的一个更大的键盘处理库（我一直打算开源但没有时间）。该方法初始化一个数组（this._virtualKeyScanCodes），该数组由VK代码索引给定的输入语言环境（存储在this._inputLanguage中，声明为System.Windows.Forms.InputLanguage。您可以使用该数组来确定通过检查例如this._virtualKeyScanCodes[VK_NUMPAD0]扫描对应于VK代码的代码 - 如果扫描代码为零，则当前输入语言环境中键盘上的VK不可用;如果它不为零，则为扫描您可以从中推断物理密钥的代码。

不幸的是，当你进入死键的领域（例如，产生重音字符的多个键组合）时，事情会比这更复杂。这一切都太复杂了，不能立即进入，但如果你想进一步探索，Michael S. Kaplan写了一系列详细的blog posts。祝你好运！

private void Initialize()
{
    this._virtualKeyScanCodes = new uint[MaxVirtualKeys];

    // Scroll through the Scan Code (SC) values and get the Virtual Key (VK)
    // values in it. Then, store the SC in each valid VK so it can act as both a 
    // flag that the VK is valid, and it can store the SC value.
    for (uint scanCode = 0x01; scanCode <= 0xff; scanCode++)
    {
        uint virtualKeyCode = NativeMethods.MapVirtualKeyEx(
            scanCode, 
            NativeMethods.MAPVK_VSC_TO_VK, 
            this._inputLanguage.Handle);
        if (virtualKeyCode != 0)
        {
            this._virtualKeyScanCodes[virtualKeyCode] = scanCode;
        }
    }

    // Add the special keys that do not get added from the code above
    for (KeysEx ke = KeysEx.VK_NUMPAD0; ke <= KeysEx.VK_NUMPAD9; ke++)
    {
        this._virtualKeyScanCodes[(uint)ke] = NativeMethods.MapVirtualKeyEx(
            (uint)ke, 
            NativeMethods.MAPVK_VK_TO_VSC, 
            this._inputLanguage.Handle);
    }

    this._virtualKeyScanCodes[(uint)KeysEx.VK_DECIMAL] =
        NativeMethods.MapVirtualKeyEx(
            (uint)KeysEx.VK_DECIMAL, NativeMethods.MAPVK_VK_TO_VSC, this._inputLanguage.Handle);
    this._virtualKeyScanCodes[(uint)KeysEx.VK_DIVIDE] =
        NativeMethods.MapVirtualKeyEx(
            (uint)KeysEx.VK_DIVIDE, NativeMethods.MAPVK_VK_TO_VSC, this._inputLanguage.Handle);
    this._virtualKeyScanCodes[(uint)KeysEx.VK_CANCEL] =
        NativeMethods.MapVirtualKeyEx(
            (uint)KeysEx.VK_CANCEL, NativeMethods.MAPVK_VK_TO_VSC, this._inputLanguage.Handle);

    this._virtualKeyScanCodes[(uint)KeysEx.VK_LSHIFT] =
        NativeMethods.MapVirtualKeyEx(
            (uint)KeysEx.VK_LSHIFT, NativeMethods.MAPVK_VK_TO_VSC, this._inputLanguage.Handle);
    this._virtualKeyScanCodes[(uint)KeysEx.VK_RSHIFT] =
        NativeMethods.MapVirtualKeyEx(
            (uint)KeysEx.VK_RSHIFT, NativeMethods.MAPVK_VK_TO_VSC, this._inputLanguage.Handle);
    this._virtualKeyScanCodes[(uint)KeysEx.VK_LCONTROL] =
        NativeMethods.MapVirtualKeyEx(
            (uint)KeysEx.VK_LCONTROL, NativeMethods.MAPVK_VK_TO_VSC, this._inputLanguage.Handle);
    this._virtualKeyScanCodes[(uint)KeysEx.VK_RCONTROL] =
        NativeMethods.MapVirtualKeyEx(
            (uint)KeysEx.VK_RCONTROL, NativeMethods.MAPVK_VK_TO_VSC, this._inputLanguage.Handle);
    this._virtualKeyScanCodes[(uint)KeysEx.VK_LMENU] =
        NativeMethods.MapVirtualKeyEx(
            (uint)KeysEx.VK_LMENU, NativeMethods.MAPVK_VK_TO_VSC, this._inputLanguage.Handle);
    this._virtualKeyScanCodes[(uint)KeysEx.VK_RMENU] =
        NativeMethods.MapVirtualKeyEx(
            (uint)KeysEx.VK_RMENU, NativeMethods.MAPVK_VK_TO_VSC, this._inputLanguage.Handle);
    this._virtualKeyScanCodes[(uint)KeysEx.VK_LWIN] =
        NativeMethods.MapVirtualKeyEx(
            (uint)KeysEx.VK_LWIN, NativeMethods.MAPVK_VK_TO_VSC, this._inputLanguage.Handle);
    this._virtualKeyScanCodes[(uint)KeysEx.VK_RWIN] =
        NativeMethods.MapVirtualKeyEx(
            (uint)KeysEx.VK_RWIN, NativeMethods.MAPVK_VK_TO_VSC, this._inputLanguage.Handle);
    this._virtualKeyScanCodes[(uint)KeysEx.VK_PAUSE] =
        NativeMethods.MapVirtualKeyEx(
            (uint)KeysEx.VK_PAUSE, NativeMethods.MAPVK_VK_TO_VSC_EX, this._inputLanguage.Handle);
    this._virtualKeyScanCodes[(uint)KeysEx.VK_VOLUME_UP] =
        NativeMethods.MapVirtualKeyEx(
            (uint)KeysEx.VK_VOLUME_UP, NativeMethods.MAPVK_VK_TO_VSC_EX, this._inputLanguage.Handle);
    this._virtualKeyScanCodes[(uint)KeysEx.VK_VOLUME_DOWN] =
        NativeMethods.MapVirtualKeyEx(
            (uint)KeysEx.VK_VOLUME_DOWN, NativeMethods.MAPVK_VK_TO_VSC_EX, this._inputLanguage.Handle);
    this._virtualKeyScanCodes[(uint)KeysEx.VK_VOLUME_MUTE] =
        NativeMethods.MapVirtualKeyEx(
            (uint)KeysEx.VK_VOLUME_MUTE, NativeMethods.MAPVK_VK_TO_VSC_EX, this._inputLanguage.Handle);

    this._virtualKeyScanCodes[(uint)KeysEx.VK_MEDIA_NEXT_TRACK] =
        NativeMethods.MapVirtualKeyEx(
            (uint)KeysEx.VK_MEDIA_NEXT_TRACK, NativeMethods.MAPVK_VK_TO_VSC_EX, this._inputLanguage.Handle);
    this._virtualKeyScanCodes[(uint)KeysEx.VK_MEDIA_PREV_TRACK] =
        NativeMethods.MapVirtualKeyEx(
            (uint)KeysEx.VK_MEDIA_PREV_TRACK, NativeMethods.MAPVK_VK_TO_VSC_EX, this._inputLanguage.Handle);
    this._virtualKeyScanCodes[(uint)KeysEx.VK_MEDIA_PLAY_PAUSE] =
        NativeMethods.MapVirtualKeyEx(
            (uint)KeysEx.VK_MEDIA_PLAY_PAUSE, NativeMethods.MAPVK_VK_TO_VSC_EX, this._inputLanguage.Handle);
    this._virtualKeyScanCodes[(uint)KeysEx.VK_MEDIA_STOP] =
        NativeMethods.MapVirtualKeyEx(
            (uint)KeysEx.VK_MEDIA_STOP, NativeMethods.MAPVK_VK_TO_VSC_EX, this._inputLanguage.Handle);

    this._stateController = new KeyboardStateController();
    this._baseVirtualKeyTable = new VirtualKeyTable(this);
}

编辑：另请参阅与您类似的this question。

答案 1 :(得分：2)

没有包含键盘布局的内置.NET类。键盘布局是操作系统的功能，通常是Windows。到.NET介入时，按下的键已从硬件事件转换为软件事件。如果要查看此操作，请找到2个键盘布局，其中键在它们之间移动。在Key_Down事件上设置一个带有事件处理程序的虚拟应用程序，然后注意事件args是相同的;如果您按 - 键，则按 - 键，无论 - 键位于何处。

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