我打算写一个模板来生成一个随机数据向量。问题是
std::uniform_int_distribution
只接受整数类型,std::uniform_real_distribution
表示浮点类型。我想两者结合起来。这是我的代码。
#include <vector>
#include <random>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iterator>
#include <functional>
template<typename T>
std::vector<T> generate_vector(size_t N, T lower = T(0), T higher = T(99)) {
// Specify the engine and distribution.
if constexpr (std::is_integral<T>) {
std::uniform_int_distribution<T> distribution(lower, higher);
}
else if constexpr (std::is_floating_point<T>) {
std::uniform_real_distribution<T> distribution(lower, higher);
}
std::mt19937 engine; // Mersenne twister MT19937
auto generator = std::bind(distribution, engine);
std::vector<T> vec(N);
std::generate(vec.begin(), vec.end(), generator);
return vec;
我很困惑如何在if条件下实现语句。整数类型应包括:short, int, long, long long, unsigned short, unsigned int, unsigned long, or unsigned long long
。浮点类型包括float, double, or long double
。
有任何帮助建议吗?
答案 0 :(得分:7)
在C ++ 17之前的编译器中,您可以使用模板特化来实现if
- else
逻辑。
// Declare a class template
template <bool is_integral, typename T> struct uniform_distribution_selector;
// Specialize for true
template <typename T> struct uniform_distribution_selector<true, T>
{
using type = typename std::uniform_int_distribution<T>;
};
// Specialize for false
template <typename T> struct uniform_distribution_selector<false, T>
{
using type = typename std::uniform_real_distribution<T>;
};
template<typename T>
std::vector<T> generate_vector(size_t N, T lower = T(0), T higher = T(99))
{
// Select the appropriate distribution type.
using uniform_distribution_type = typename uniform_distribution_selector<std::is_integral<T>::value, T>::type;
uniform_distribution_type distribution(lower, higher);
std::mt19937 engine;
auto generator = std::bind(distribution, engine);
std::vector<T> vec(N);
std::generate(vec.begin(), vec.end(), generator);
return vec;
}
答案 1 :(得分:4)
Justin在his comment中指出,以下列方式使用if constexpr
块很简单:
#include <type_traits>
if constexpr (std::is_integral_v<T>) { // constexpr only necessary on first statement
...
} else if (std::is_floating_point_v<T>) { // automatically constexpr
...
}
这只适用于C ++ 17。有关编译时类型信息的更多信息,请参阅C ++参考:
if constexpr
(自C ++ 17起)
<type_traits>
(自C ++ 11起)
constexpr
说明符(自C ++ 11起)
答案 2 :(得分:0)
除了Brandon's answer,还有scoping is another problem。
以下代码应满足您的需求:
#include <algorithm>
#include <limits>
#include <random>
#include <type_traits>
#include <valarray>
template <class D>
std::valarray<typename D::result_type> generate_valarray(size_t N, D distribution) {
std::random_device device{};
std::mt19937 engine{device()}; // Mersenne twister MT19937
auto generator = std::bind(distribution, engine);
std::valarray<typename D::result_type> container(N);
std::generate(std::begin(container), std::end(container), generator);
return container;
}
template <class T>
std::valarray<T> generate_valarray_uniform(size_t N, const T& lower = std::numeric_limits<T>::min(), const T& higher = std::numeric_limits<T>::max()) {
if constexpr (std::is_integral_v<T>) {
return generate_valarray( N, std::uniform_int_distribution<T>(lower, higher) );
}
else if constexpr (std::is_floating_point_v<T>) {
return generate_valarray( N, std::uniform_real_distribution<T>(lower, higher) );
}
}
#include <iostream>
int main() {
auto f = generate_valarray_uniform(1, 0., 10.)[0];
std::cout << f << std::endl;
}