Question

这是一个使用python和qt完成的非常简单的应用程序，其中有一个嵌入的matplotlib图。我想在绘图上包含标准工具栏（缩放，主页等）。它可以吗？上面是一个代码示例。

import sys
from PyQt5 import QtCore
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QMainWindow, QMenu, QVBoxLayout, QSizePolicy, QMessageBox, QWidget, QPushButton, QAction, QLineEdit, QLabel
from PyQt5.QtGui import QIcon
from PyQt5 import QtWidgets
from PyQt5.QtCore import QSize

from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import FigureCanvasQTAgg as FigureCanvas
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import random

from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import FigureCanvasQTAgg as FigureCanvas
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import NavigationToolbar2QT as NavigationToolbar


class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):

        QMainWindow.__init__(self)

        self.title = 'test'
        self.left = 10
        self.top = 10
        self.width = 1920
        self.height = 1080

        self.setWindowTitle(self.title)
        self.setGeometry(self.left, self.top, self.width, self.height)

        m = PlotCanvas(self, width=10, height=8)
        m.move(0,100)

        self.statusBar().showMessage('Ready')

        mainMenu = self.menuBar()
        mainMenu.setNativeMenuBar(False)
        fileMenu = mainMenu.addMenu('File')
        helpMenu = mainMenu.addMenu('Help')

        exitButton = QAction(QIcon('exit24.png'), 'Exit', self)
        exitButton.setShortcut('Ctrl+Q')
        exitButton.setStatusTip('Exit application')
        exitButton.triggered.connect(self.close)
        fileMenu.addAction(exitButton)


        self.nameLabel = QLabel(self)
        self.nameLabel.setText('Name:')
        self.line = QLineEdit(self)

        self.nameLabel2 = QLabel(self)
        self.nameLabel2.setText('Result')
        #self.line2 = QLineEdit(self)

        self.line.move(80, 20)
        self.line.resize(200, 32)
        self.nameLabel.move(20, 20)

        #self.line2.move(500, 20)
        #self.line2.resize(500, 32)
        self.nameLabel2.move(500, 20)

        pybutton = QPushButton('Click me', self)
        pybutton.clicked.connect(self.clickMethod)
        pybutton.resize(100,32)
        pybutton.move(50, 50)

    def clickMethod(self):
        print('Clicked Pyqt button.')
        if((self.line.text() == '')):
            self.statusBar().showMessage('Not a Number')
        else:
            print('Number: ' + str(float(self.line.text())*2))
            self.statusBar().showMessage('Introduction of a number')
            self.nameLabel2.setText(str(float(self.line.text())*2))


class PlotCanvas(FigureCanvas):

    def __init__(self, parent=None, width=10, height=8, dpi=100):
        fig = Figure(figsize=(width, height), dpi=dpi)
        self.axes = fig.add_subplot(111)

        FigureCanvas.__init__(self, fig)
        self.setParent(parent)
        #self.addWidget(toolbar)


        FigureCanvas.setSizePolicy(self, QSizePolicy.Expanding, QSizePolicy.Expanding)
        FigureCanvas.updateGeometry(self)
        self.plot()

    def plot(self):
        data = [random.random() for i in range(250)]
        ax = self.figure.add_subplot(111)
        ax.plot(data, 'r-', linewidth = 0.5)
        ax.set_title('PyQt Matplotlib Example')
        self.draw()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
    mainWin = MainWindow()
    mainWin.show()
    sys.exit( app.exec_())

代码有一个按钮，一个状态栏，一个matplotlib图和一个QlineEdit。

Answer 1

要创建NavigationToolbar，您必须传递画布和父级，但由于它们将在一起，因此建议创建一个小部件，如下所示：

class WidgetPlot(QWidget):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        QWidget.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
        self.setLayout(QVBoxLayout())
        self.canvas = PlotCanvas(self, width=10, height=8)
        self.toolbar = NavigationToolbar(self.canvas, self)
        self.layout().addWidget(self.toolbar)
        self.layout().addWidget(self.canvas)

然后我会将m = PlotCanvas(self, width = 10, height = 8)更改为m = WidgetPlot(self)，这样可以解决您的问题。

<强>加：

要获得适当的顺序，建议使用布局，在下面的代码中，我使用布局显示相同的代码：

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget, QMainWindow, QAction, QVBoxLayout, QHBoxLayout, QLabel, QLineEdit, QSpacerItem, QSizePolicy, QPushButton
from PyQt5.QtGui import QIcon
from PyQt5.QtCore import QSize

from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import FigureCanvasQTAgg as FigureCanvas
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import random

from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import FigureCanvasQTAgg as FigureCanvas
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import NavigationToolbar2QT as NavigationToolbar


class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        QMainWindow.__init__(self)

        self.title = 'test'
        self.left = 10
        self.top = 10
        self.width = 1920
        self.height = 1080

        self.setWindowTitle(self.title)
        self.setGeometry(self.left, self.top, self.width, self.height)

        self.statusBar().showMessage('Ready')

        mainMenu = self.menuBar()
        mainMenu.setNativeMenuBar(False)
        fileMenu = mainMenu.addMenu('File')
        helpMenu = mainMenu.addMenu('Help')

        exitButton = QAction(QIcon('exit24.png'), 'Exit', self)
        exitButton.setShortcut('Ctrl+Q')
        exitButton.setStatusTip('Exit application')
        exitButton.triggered.connect(self.close)
        fileMenu.addAction(exitButton)


        widget =  QWidget(self)
        self.setCentralWidget(widget)
        vlay = QVBoxLayout(widget)
        hlay = QHBoxLayout()
        vlay.addLayout(hlay)

        self.nameLabel = QLabel('Name:', self)
        self.line = QLineEdit(self)
        self.nameLabel2 = QLabel('Result', self)

        hlay.addWidget(self.nameLabel)
        hlay.addWidget(self.line)
        hlay.addWidget(self.nameLabel2)
        hlay.addItem(QSpacerItem(1000, 10, QSizePolicy.Expanding))

        pybutton = QPushButton('Click me', self)
        pybutton.clicked.connect(self.clickMethod)
        hlay2 = QHBoxLayout()
        hlay2.addWidget(pybutton)
        hlay2.addItem(QSpacerItem(1000, 10, QSizePolicy.Expanding))
        vlay.addLayout(hlay2)
        m = WidgetPlot(self)
        vlay.addWidget(m)

    def clickMethod(self):
        print('Clicked Pyqt button.')
        if self.line.text() == '':
            self.statusBar().showMessage('Not a Number')
        else:
            print('Number: {}'.format(float(self.line.text())*2))
            self.statusBar().showMessage('Introduction of a number')
            self.nameLabel2.setText(str(float(self.line.text())*2))

class WidgetPlot(QWidget):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        QWidget.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
        self.setLayout(QVBoxLayout())
        self.canvas = PlotCanvas(self, width=10, height=8)
        self.toolbar = NavigationToolbar(self.canvas, self)
        self.layout().addWidget(self.toolbar)
        self.layout().addWidget(self.canvas)

class PlotCanvas(FigureCanvas):
    def __init__(self, parent=None, width=10, height=8, dpi=100):
        fig = Figure(figsize=(width, height), dpi=dpi)
        FigureCanvas.__init__(self, fig)
        self.setParent(parent)
        FigureCanvas.setSizePolicy(self, QSizePolicy.Expanding, QSizePolicy.Expanding)
        FigureCanvas.updateGeometry(self)
        self.plot()

    def plot(self):
        data = [random.random() for i in range(250)]
        ax = self.figure.add_subplot(111)
        ax.plot(data, 'r-', linewidth = 0.5)
        ax.set_title('PyQt Matplotlib Example')
        self.draw()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    mainWin = MainWindow()
    mainWin.show()
    sys.exit( app.exec_())

输出：

pyqt5应用程序中的matplotlib工具栏

1 个答案: