我在文件test.c中有这段简单的代码:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
struct Student {
char name[10];
int grade;
};
int main(){
struct Student s = {.name = "Joe", .grade = 10}; //correct
struct Student students[10];
students[0] = {.name = "John", .grade = 10}; //error
students[1] = s; //correct
struct Student some_other_students[] = {
{.name = "John", .grade = 10}
}; //correct
students[2].grade = 8;
strcpy(students[2].name, "Billy"); //correct?!? O_o
return 0;
}
编译后我收到此错误
test.c|14|error: expected expression before '{' token|
数组不应该在students[0] = {.name = "John", .grade = 10};
正确初始化吗?以这种方式初始化时:struct Student s = {.name = "Joe", .grade = 10};
然后将其设置为数组students[1] = s;
我没有错误。只是一个假设,但可能是{.name = "Joe", .grade = 10}
表达式,在内存中没有引用,结构数组只是对已初始化结构的引用数组?
但是如果数组只是初始化结构的引用,那么它又是如何工作的呢? students[2].grade = 8;
?
答案 0 :(得分:4)
您只能在定义时初始化变量。定义变量后,在用于初始化时将分配给变量时,不能使用相同的语法。您尝试分配给数组元素并不重要,相关的是您使用赋值而不是初始化。
话虽如此,有一种解决方法,即使语法有点笨拙(IMO),也就是使用compound literals创建临时虚拟结构对象,并将其复制到变量:
students[0] = (struct Student){.name = "John", .grade = 10};
以上相当于
{
// Define and initialize a "temporary" Student structure object
struct Student temp = {.name = "John", .grade = 10};
// Assign it to students[0]
students[0] = temp;
}
或者你可以在定义时初始化数组:
struct Student students[10] = {
{.name = "John", .grade = 10}
};