Question

我正在研究一个简单的字典攻击脚本，它会检查每个英文小写单词和密文，并且我的第一个版本运行良好。它看起来像这样：

import hashlib
import random


def dict_attack(pwds):
    f = open('Dictionary.txt', 'r')
    words = f.readlines()
    f.close()
    cracked = []
    for pwd in pwds:
        for w in words:
            word = w.strip('\n')
            word = word.strip(' ')
            hashed = hashlib.md5(word.encode())
            if hashed.hexdigest() == pwd:
                print("[+] Found {} as {}, updating...".format(pwd, word))
                cracked.append(word)
                break
    print("[-] {}/{} passwords found!".format(len(cracked), len(pwds)))
    return cracked

def main():
    # To generate new ciphertext
    f = open('Dictionary.txt', 'r')
    words = f.readlines()
    f.close()
    for b in range(0, 10):
        passwords.append(random.choice(words))
        passwords[b] = passwords[b].strip('\n')
        passwords[b] = passwords[b].strip(' ')
    hashed_passwords = []
    for p in passwords:
        hashed_passwords.append(hashlib.md5(p.encode()).hexdigest())
    #print(hashed_passwords)
    print(dict_attack(hashed_passwords))

main()

如您所见，函数dict_attack仅使用md5哈希。在我的下一个版本的脚本中，我计划循环遍历hashlib.algorithms_guaranteed库中的每个算法，并使用每个算法加密字典中的每个单词并检查密文。该代码看起来像这样：

import hashlib


arguments = [[hashlib.md5('hello'.encode())]]
f = open('Dictionary.txt', 'r')
words = f.readlines()
f.close()
# Remember to strip the \n's
cracked = {}
for ciphertext in arguments[0]:
    for word in words:
        for alg in hashlib.algorithms_guaranteed:
            exec("hashed = hashlib.{}(word.encode())".format(alg))
            if hashed.hexdigest() == ciphertext:
                cracked[ciphertext] = [word, alg]
                print("[+] Found {} as {} with {} algorithm!".format(ciphertext, word, alg))
                break
print(cracked)

然而，当我运行我的代码时，它抛出了这个错误：

 TypeError: Required argument 'length' (pos 1) not found

为什么会发生这种情况，我该如何解决？

Answer 1

hashlib包含一些具有动态长度输出的哈希函数。具体而言，shake_128和shake_256。

import hashlib


arguments = [[hashlib.md5('hello'.encode())]]
f = open('Dictionary.txt', 'r')
words = f.readlines()
f.close()
# Remember to strip the \n's
cracked = {}

for ciphertext in arguments[0]:
    digest = ciphertext.digest()
    for word in words:
        for alg in hashlib.algorithms_guaranteed:
            if alg.startswith('shake_'):
                continue
            hashed = getattr(hashlib, alg)(word.encode())
            if hashed.digest() == digest:
                cracked[ciphertext] = [word, alg]
                print("[+] Found {} as {} with {} algorithm!".format(ciphertext, word, alg))
                break

print(cracked)

hexdigest（）抛出TypeError：未找到必需参数'length'（pos 1）

1 个答案: