我在Python 3.6中工作并且有两个类，一个类用作另一个类的容器，但嵌套类不从高阶类继承。基本上这里是我所看到的简化：
class Library():
def __init__(self, name, bookList):
"""
Initializes a library class object
Send: self (Library object), name (str), list of books in the library (list of Book objects)
"""
self.name=name
self.bookList=bookList
class Book():
def __init__(self, title, author, year):
"""
Initializes a book class object
Send: self (Book object), title (str), author (str), year (int)
"""
self.title=title
self.author=author
self.year=year
def owningLibrary(self):
"""
Identifies the name of the library that owns the book
Send: self (Book object)
"""
#some code that looks at the library's name and returns it
if __name__=="__main__":
#Create book
warAndPeace = Book("War and Peace", "Tolstoy, Leo", 1869)
hitchhikersGuide = Book("Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, The", "Adams, Douglas", 1985)
#Create library
orangeCountyLibrary = Library("Orange County Public Library", [warAndPeace, hitchhikersGuide])
#Print the current owner of Hitchhiker's Guide
print(hitchhikersGuide.owningLibrary())
我的问题是：如何启用包含的对象（书）来访问容器对象（库）的属性/方法。在我的例子中：返回＆＃34; name＆＃34;拥有库的变量
我考虑过的尝试：
我确定有一些明显的东西我不知道，但我搜索过的所有东西似乎都回来了继承的建议，这对我来说似乎没有意义。谢谢你的帮助！
答案 0 :(得分：1)
添加到Book.__init__：
self.library = None
添加到owningLibrary：
if self.library is None:
return "No Library"
return self.library.name
添加到Library.__init__：
for book in self.bookList:
book.library = self
如果Book没有具有告诉它的属性，Library无法知道它是什么<div class="page1">
<img src="img/LogoEpaissiBlanc.png" alt="Logo" id="logoindex1">
</div>
。然后，Library实例需要告诉所有书籍哪些库包含它们。
答案 1 :(得分：0)
由于Library和Book是＆＃34;定义明智＆＃34;如果是独立的，您必须明确地从library创建对book的引用。
一种解决方案可能是将library字段添加到Book类，该类将存储库的名称（或对Library对象的引用，取决于您打算做什么进一步）。这可以在Library __init__：
class Library:
def __init__(self, name, book_list):
"""
Initializes a library class object
Send: self (Library object), name (str), list of books in the library (list of Book objects)
"""
self.name = name
self.bookList = book_list
# set reference to the name of this library for every added book
for book in book_list:
book.library = self.name
class Book:
def __init__(self, title, author, year):
"""
Initializes a book class object
Send: self (Book object), title (str), author (str), year (int)
"""
self.title = title
self.author = author
self.year = year
self.library = None # book does not belong to any library yet
if __name__ == "__main__":
# Create book
warAndPeace = Book("War and Peace", "Tolstoy, Leo", 1869)
hitchhikersGuide = Book("Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, The", "Adams, Douglas", 1985)
# Create library
orangeCountyLibrary = Library("Orange County Public Library", [warAndPeace, hitchhikersGuide])
# Print the current owner of Hitchhiker's Guide
print(hitchhikersGuide.library) # Orange County Public Library
如果Book可能同时在多个库中：
self.libraries = []而不是self.library = None; Library构造函数中book.libraries.append(self.name)代替book.library = self.name。答案 2 :(得分：0)
我这样做的方式是：
class Library:
def __init__(self, name):
self.name=name
self.books=[]
class Book:
def __init__(self, title, author, year, library):
self.title=title
self.author=author
self.year=year
self.library=library
self.library.books.append(self)#put this book in the library
# Create library
orangeCountyLibrary = Library("Orange County Public Library"
# Create book
warAndPeace = Book("War and Peace", "Tolstoy, Leo",
1869,orangeCountyLibrary)
hitchhikersGuide = Book("Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, The",
"Adams, Douglas", 1985,orangeCountyLibrary)
# Print the current owner of Hitchhiker's Guide
print(hitchhikersGuide.library) # Orange County Public Library