在手动和以编程方式运行时，我从同一命令获得两个不同的输出，我不明白为什么。
有问题的命令：
powershell -Command "Get-Module -ListAvailable"
在命令提示符下手动运行时，我得到此输出：
U:\> powershell -Command "Get-Module -ListAvailable"
Directory: C:\Program Files\WindowsPowerShell\Modules
ModuleType Version Name ExportedCommands
---------- ------- ---- ----------------
Binary 1.0.0.1 PackageManagement {Find-Package, Get-Package, Get-PackageProvider, Get-PackageSource...}
Script 1.0.0.1 PowerShellGet {Install-Module, Find-Module, Save-Module, Update-Module...}
Binary 6.5.1.6... VMware.DeployAutomation {Add-DeployRule, Add-ProxyServer, Add-ScriptBundle, Copy-DeployRule...}
Binary 6.5.1.6... VMware.ImageBuilder {Add-EsxSoftwareDepot, Add-EsxSoftwarePackage, Compare-EsxImageProfile, Export-EsxImageProfile...}
Manifest 6.5.4.7... VMware.PowerCLI
Binary 6.5.4.6... VMware.VimAutomation.Cis.Core {Connect-CisServer, Disconnect-CisServer, Get-CisService}
Binary 6.5.1.5... VMware.VimAutomation.Cloud {Add-CIDatastore, Connect-CIServer, Disconnect-CIServer, Get-Catalog...}
Manifest 6.5.4.6... VMware.VimAutomation.Common
Binary 6.5.2.6... VMware.VimAutomation.Core {Add-PassthroughDevice, Add-VirtualSwitchPhysicalNetworkAdapter, Add-VMHost, Add-VMHostNtpServer...}
Binary 6.5.4.7... VMware.VimAutomation.HA Get-DrmInfo
Binary 7.1.0.5... VMware.VimAutomation.HorizonView {Connect-HVServer, Disconnect-HVServer}
Binary 6.5.1.5... VMware.VimAutomation.License Get-LicenseDataManager
Binary 2.0.0.6... VMware.VimAutomation.Nsxt {Connect-NsxtServer, Disconnect-NsxtServer, Get-NsxtService}
Binary 6.5.1.5... VMware.VimAutomation.PCloud {Connect-PIServer, Disconnect-PIServer, Get-PIComputeInstance, Get-PIDatacenter}
Manifest 1.0.0.5... VMware.VimAutomation.Sdk {Get-PSVersion, Get-InstallPath}
Binary 6.5.1.5... VMware.VimAutomation.Srm {Connect-SrmServer, Disconnect-SrmServer}
Binary 6.5.4.7... VMware.VimAutomation.Storage {Add-KeyManagementServer, Copy-VDisk, Export-SpbmStoragePolicy, Get-KeyManagementServer...}
Script 1.1 VMware.VimAutomation.StorageUtility Update-VmfsDatastore
Binary 6.5.1.5... VMware.VimAutomation.Vds {Add-VDSwitchPhysicalNetworkAdapter, Add-VDSwitchVMHost, Export-VDPortGroup, Export-VDSwitch...}
Binary 6.5.4.7... VMware.VimAutomation.Vmc {Connect-Vmc, Disconnect-Vmc, Get-VmcService, Connect-VmcServer...}
Binary 6.5.1.5... VMware.VimAutomation.vROps {Connect-OMServer, Disconnect-OMServer, Get-OMAlert, Get-OMAlertDefinition...}
Binary 6.5.1.5... VMware.VumAutomation {Add-EntityBaseline, Copy-Patch, Get-Baseline, Get-Compliance...}
Directory: C:\Windows\system32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\Modules
ModuleType Version Name ExportedCommands
---------- ------- ---- ----------------
Manifest 1.0.0.0 AppLocker {Set-AppLockerPolicy, Get-AppLockerPolicy, Test-AppLockerPolicy, Get-AppLockerFileInformation...}
Manifest 1.0.0.0 BitsTransfer {Add-BitsFile, Remove-BitsTransfer, Complete-BitsTransfer, Get-BitsTransfer...}
Manifest 1.0.0.0 CimCmdlets {Get-CimAssociatedInstance, Get-CimClass, Get-CimInstance, Get-CimSession...}
Script 1.0.0.0 ISE {New-IseSnippet, Import-IseSnippet, Get-IseSnippet}
Manifest 1.0.0.0 Microsoft.PowerShell.Archive {Compress-Archive, Expand-Archive}
Manifest 3.0.0.0 Microsoft.PowerShell.Diagnostics {Get-WinEvent, Get-Counter, Import-Counter, Export-Counter...}
Manifest 3.0.0.0 Microsoft.PowerShell.Host {Start-Transcript, Stop-Transcript}
Manifest 3.1.0.0 Microsoft.PowerShell.Management {Add-Content, Clear-Content, Clear-ItemProperty, Join-Path...}
Script 1.0 Microsoft.PowerShell.ODataUtils Export-ODataEndpointProxy
Manifest 3.0.0.0 Microsoft.PowerShell.Security {Get-Acl, Set-Acl, Get-PfxCertificate, Get-Credential...}
Manifest 3.1.0.0 Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility {Format-List, Format-Custom, Format-Table, Format-Wide...}
Manifest 3.0.0.0 Microsoft.WSMan.Management {Disable-WSManCredSSP, Enable-WSManCredSSP, Get-WSManCredSSP, Set-WSManQuickConfig...}
Manifest 1.0.0.0 NetworkSwitchManager {Disable-NetworkSwitchEthernetPort, Enable-NetworkSwitchEthernetPort, Get-NetworkSwitchEthernetPort, Remove-NetworkSwitchEthernetPortIPAddress...}
Manifest 1.1 PSDesiredStateConfiguration {Set-DscLocalConfigurationManager, Start-DscConfiguration, Test-DscConfiguration, Publish-DscConfiguration...}
Script 1.0.0.0 PSDiagnostics {Disable-PSTrace, Disable-PSWSManCombinedTrace, Disable-WSManTrace, Enable-PSTrace...}
Binary 1.1.0.0 PSScheduledJob {New-JobTrigger, Add-JobTrigger, Remove-JobTrigger, Get-JobTrigger...}
Manifest 2.0.0.0 PSWorkflow {New-PSWorkflowExecutionOption, New-PSWorkflowSession, nwsn}
Manifest 1.0.0.0 PSWorkflowUtility Invoke-AsWorkflow
Manifest 1.0.0.0 TroubleshootingPack {Get-TroubleshootingPack, Invoke-TroubleshootingPack}
Directory: C:\opscode\chefdk\modules
ModuleType Version Name ExportedCommands
---------- ------- ---- ----------------
Script 0.0 chef {chef-apply, chef-client, chef-service-manager, chef-shell...}
以编程方式运行（通过Java），我得到了这个输出：
ModuleType Name ExportedCommands
---------- ---- ----------------
Binary PackageManagement {Find-Package, Get-Package, Get-PackageProvider, Get-PackageSource...}
Script PowerShellGet {Install-Module, Find-Module, Save-Module, Update-Module...}
Manifest BitsTransfer {Add-BitsFile, Remove-BitsTransfer, Complete-BitsTransfer, Get-BitsTrans...
Manifest CimCmdlets {Get-CimAssociatedInstance, Get-CimClass, Get-CimInstance, Get-CimSessio...
Script ISE {New-IseSnippet, Import-IseSnippet, Get-IseSnippet}
Manifest Microsoft.PowerShell.A... {Compress-Archive, Expand-Archive}
Manifest Microsoft.PowerShell.D... {Get-WinEvent, Get-Counter, Import-Counter, Export-Counter...}
Manifest Microsoft.PowerShell.Host {Start-Transcript, Stop-Transcript}
Manifest Microsoft.PowerShell.M... {Add-Content, Clear-Content, Clear-ItemProperty, Join-Path...}
Script Microsoft.PowerShell.O... Export-ODataEndpointProxy
Manifest Microsoft.PowerShell.S... {Get-Acl, Set-Acl, Get-PfxCertificate, Get-Credential...}
Manifest Microsoft.PowerShell.U... {Format-List, Format-Custom, Format-Table, Format-Wide...}
Manifest Microsoft.WSMan.Manage... {Disable-WSManCredSSP, Enable-WSManCredSSP, Get-WSManCredSSP, Set-WSManQ...
Manifest PSDesiredStateConfigur... {Set-DscLocalConfigurationManager, Start-DscConfiguration, Test-DscConfi...
Manifest PSDiagnostics {Start-Trace, Stop-Trace, Enable-WSManTrace, Disable-WSManTrace...}
Binary PSScheduledJob {New-JobTrigger, Add-JobTrigger, Remove-JobTrigger, Get-JobTrigger...}
Manifest TroubleshootingPack {Get-TroubleshootingPack, Invoke-TroubleshootingPack}
Script chef {chef-apply, chef-client, chef-service-manager, chef-shell...}
程序化运行的输出缺少＆＃34;版本＆＃34; 列，并且只是可用模块的子集。
我想也许某种程度上我调用了两个不同的PowerShell可执行文件，所以我手动和编程运行了powershell -Command "$PSVersionTable"。
手动运行powershell -Command "$PSVersionTable"：
Name Value
---- -----
PSVersion 5.0.10586.117
PSCompatibleVersions {1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0...}
BuildVersion 10.0.10586.117
CLRVersion 4.0.30319.18444
WSManStackVersion 3.0
PSRemotingProtocolVersion 2.3
SerializationVersion 1.1.0.1
程序化运行powershell -Command "$PSVersionTable"：
Name Value
---- -----
PSVersion 5.0.10586.117
PSCompatibleVersions {1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0...}
BuildVersion 10.0.10586.117
CLRVersion 4.0.30319.18444
WSManStackVersion 3.0
PSRemotingProtocolVersion 2.3
SerializationVersion 1.1.0.1
所以我认为我正在运行相同的PowerShell可执行文件。
为什么在运行相同命令时会得到两个完全不同的输出？
用于以编程方式运行命令的实际Java代码：
public class Example {
private void myMethod(String command) throws IOException {
Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(command);
BufferedReader bufferedReader =
new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()));
String output = "";
String line;
while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
output += (line + "\n");
}
System.out.println((output.isEmpty() ?
"No output was received!!!" :
output));
BufferedReader errorBufferedReader =
new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getErrorStream()));
String errorOutput = "";
while ((line = errorBufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
errorOutput += (line + "\n");
}
System.out.println((errorOutput.isEmpty() ?
"Nothing in the error output stream." :
errorOutput));
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
new Example().myMethod(
"powershell -Command \"Get-Module -ListAvailable\"");
}
}
答案 0 :(得分：1)
我的猜测是，您只是在从Java以编程方式调用PowerShell时没有获得格式化输出，或者由于某种原因，不同版本具有不同的默认格式配置。
首先，一些背景知识：
在命令行运行PowerShell所获得的输出由格式文件中的格式决定。这些都存储在$PSHome\*.format.ps1xml。 Get-Module返回System.Management.Automation.PSModuleInfo类型的对象。如果您运行Select-String -Pattern 'PSModuleInfo' -Path "$PSHome\*.format.ps1xml"，您可以找到指定默认格式的位置。 Table将Format-Table，这是您通常会得到的默认值。 Wide还有Format-Wide，List也有Format-List。您可以在Get-Help about_Format.ps1xml了解有关控制台输出格式的详细信息。
由于PSModuleInfo的默认输出是使用表格式，因此您应该能够通过调用以下命令使Java与PowerShell匹配：
new Example().myMethod("powershell -Command \"Get-Module -ListAvailable | Format-Table\"");
或者可能：
new Example().myMethod("powershell -Command \"Get-Module -ListAvailable | Format-Table | Out-String\"");
或者甚至只是：
new Example().myMethod("powershell -Command \"Get-Module -ListAvailable | Out-String\"");
至于Java做的不同或为什么它的格式不同，我恐怕不知道。
您也可以执行以下操作：
new Example().myMethod("powershell -Command \"Get-Module -ListAvailable | Out-String\"");
如果要序列化输出，您可能也会成功使用Get-Module -ListAvailable | ConvertTo-Json -Compress -Depth 1或Get-Module -ListAvailable | ConvertTo-Xml -NoTypeInformation -As String -Depth 1或类似内容。请记住，ConvertTo-Json的默认深度为2，ConvertTo-Xml的默认深度为1，超过深度3的任何内容都将非常慢。
答案 1 :(得分：0)
我99.9％肯定这是我问题的真正原因。
当我手动运行命令来检查可用模块列表时，我使用的是一个64位PowerShell实例。
我的Java程序在32位上下文中运行（针对32位JDK构建）。当我的程序调用cmd提示符时，它获得了32位cmd提示符。当cmd提示符调用PowerShell时，它获得了32位PowerShell。 32位和64位版本的PowerShell具有存储模块的唯一安装路径。
所以，当我手动安装模块时，我总是使用64位PowerShell。我从未手动打开32位PowerShell并安装了任何模块。这就是为什么Get-Module -ListAvailable的编程输出如此之小，与我手动运行相同命令时所看到的相比。
感谢@BaconBits为我提供了帮助我确定发生了什么的线索。该技巧是执行[Environment]::Is64BitProcess来验证我的PowerShell实际运行的操作系统架构上下文。