我在Android工作室中使用偏好设置编写了设置代码，它可以正常使用所有Android版本而不是Android 8.0 Oreo。错误是： E / UncaughtException：java.lang.IllegalArgumentException：找不到片段GeneralPreferenceFragment的id 0x102036d（android：id / prefs）的视图。有没有人知道为什么这个版本的首选项有问题？ 我的设置活动是：
private static Preference.OnPreferenceChangeListener sBindPreferenceSummaryToValueListener = new Preference.OnPreferenceChangeListener() {
@Override
public boolean onPreferenceChange(Preference preference, Object value) {
String stringValue = value.toString();
if (preference instanceof ListPreference) {
// For list preferences, look up the correct display value in
// the preference's 'entries' list.
ListPreference listPreference = (ListPreference) preference;
int index = listPreference.findIndexOfValue(stringValue);
// Set the summary to reflect the new value.
preference.setSummary(
index >= 0
? listPreference.getEntries()[index]
: null);
} else if (preference instanceof RingtonePreference) {
// For ringtone preferences, look up the correct display value
// using RingtoneManager.
if (TextUtils.isEmpty(stringValue)) {
// Empty values correspond to 'silent' (no ringtone).
preference.setSummary(R.string.notification_is_silent);
} else {
Ringtone ringtone = RingtoneManager.getRingtone(
preference.getContext(), Uri.parse(stringValue));
if (ringtone == null) {
// Clear the summary if there was a lookup error.
preference.setSummary(null);
} else {
// Set the summary to reflect the new ringtone display
// name.
String name = ringtone.getTitle(preference.getContext());
preference.setSummary(name);
}
}
} else {
// For all other preferences, set the summary to the value's
// simple string representation.
preference.setSummary(stringValue);
}
return true;
}
};
/**
* Binds a preference's summary to its value. More specifically, when the
* preference's value is changed, its summary (line of text below the
* preference title) is updated to reflect the value. The summary is also
* immediately updated upon calling this method. The exact display format is
* dependent on the type of preference.
*
* @see #sBindPreferenceSummaryToValueListener
*/
private static void bindPreferenceSummaryToValue(Preference preference) {
// Set the listener to watch for value changes.
preference.setOnPreferenceChangeListener(sBindPreferenceSummaryToValueListener);
// Trigger the listener immediately with the preference's
// current value.
sBindPreferenceSummaryToValueListener.onPreferenceChange(preference,
PreferenceManager
.getDefaultSharedPreferences(preference.getContext())
.getString(preference.getKey(), ""));
}
boolean mAttachedFragment;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
mAttachedFragment = false;
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
}
/**
* Set up the {@link android.app.ActionBar}, if the API is available.
*/
private void setupActionBar() {
ActionBar actionBar = getSupportActionBar();
if (actionBar != null) {
// Show the Up button in the action bar.
actionBar.setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(true);
}
}
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
*/
@Override
@TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB)
public void onBuildHeaders(List<Header> target) {
loadHeadersFromResource(R.xml.pref_headers, target);
setTitle(getString(R.string.activity_settings));
}
@Override
public void onAttachFragment(Fragment fragment) {
mAttachedFragment = true;
super.onAttachFragment(fragment);
}
@Override
protected void onPostCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onPostCreate(savedInstanceState);
//if we didn't attach a fragment, go ahead and apply the layout
if (!mAttachedFragment) {
setContentView(R.layout.activity_setting);
setSupportActionBar((Toolbar) findViewById(R.id.toolbar));
}
}
@Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
// handle arrow click here
if (item.getItemId() == android.R.id.home) {
finish();
}
return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
}
@Override
public void onResume() {
super.onResume();
int recreateCounter = App.getRecreateUICounter();
if (recreateCounter == 2){
Intent intent = getIntent();
startActivity(intent);
finish();
overridePendingTransition(0, 0);
}
if (recreateCounter > 1) {
App.decreaseRecreateUICounter();
Log.v("SETTINGS", "Decreasing! " + App.getRecreateUICounter());
}
}
/**
* This method stops fragment injection in malicious applications.
* Make sure to deny any unknown fragments here.
*/
protected boolean isValidFragment(String fragmentName) {
return PreferenceFragment.class.getName().equals(fragmentName)
|| GeneralPreferenceFragment.class.getName().equals(fragmentName)
|| NotificationPreferenceFragment.class.getName().equals(fragmentName)
|| PrivacyAndSecurityFragment.class.getName().equals(fragmentName)
|| ChatBackgroundsFragment.class.getName().equals(fragmentName);
}
@Override
public void onConnectionEstablished() {
}
@Override
public void onConnectFailed() {
}
@Override
public void onAuthFailed() {
}
/**
* This fragment shows general preferences only. It is used when the
* activity is showing a two-pane settings UI.
*/
@TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB)
public static class GeneralPreferenceFragment extends AppCompatPreferenceFragment {
private Context context;
private PreferenceScreen languageListener;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
addPreferencesFromResource(R.xml.pref_general);
setHasOptionsMenu(true);
context = getActivity();
//Enter button is send
SwitchPreference enterIsSend = (SwitchPreference)findPreference("enter_is_send_key");
enterIsSend.setOnPreferenceChangeListener(new Preference.OnPreferenceChangeListener() {
@Override
public boolean onPreferenceChange(Preference preference, Object newValue) {
putPref("enter_is_send_key" , newValue, context);
return true;
}
});
// Delete all chats listening
Preference deleteAllChats = findPreference("delete_all_chats_key");
deleteAllChats.setOnPreferenceClickListener(new Preference.OnPreferenceClickListener() {
@Override
public boolean onPreferenceClick(Preference preference) {
AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(getActivity());
builder.setMessage(R.string.delete_all_chats_warning);
builder.setPositiveButton(R.string.contact_confirm, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int id) {
DatabaseController db = DatabaseController.getInstance(context);
db.openDatabase();
// Delete all messages in the message table
ChatMessage.clearAllMessagesForAllUsers(db);
// Delete all chat backgrounds
ChatBackground.clearAllBackgroundsForAllUsers(db);
// Set all active contacts as inactive
ContactData.clearAllActiveContacts(db);
db.close();
}
});
builder.setNegativeButton(R.string.contact_cancel, null);
builder.show();
return true;
}
});
// Clear all chats listening
Preference clearAllChats = findPreference("clear_all_chats_key");
clearAllChats.setOnPreferenceClickListener(new Preference.OnPreferenceClickListener() {
@Override
public boolean onPreferenceClick(Preference preference) {
AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(getActivity());
builder.setMessage(R.string.clear_all_chats_warning);
builder.setPositiveButton(R.string.contact_confirm, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int id) {
DatabaseController db = DatabaseController.getInstance(context);
db.openDatabase();
// Delete all messages in the message table
ChatMessage.clearAllMessagesForAllUsers(db);
// Delete all chat backgrounds
ChatBackground.clearAllBackgroundsForAllUsers(db);
db.close();
}
});
builder.setNegativeButton(R.string.contact_cancel, null);
builder.show();
return true;
}
});
//Number picker listening
final NumberPickerFragment numberPicker =
(NumberPickerFragment) findPreference("message_text_size_key");
numberPicker.setSummary(Integer.toString(numberPicker.getValue()));
numberPicker.setOnPreferenceChangeListener(new Preference.OnPreferenceChangeListener() {
@Override
public boolean onPreferenceChange(Preference preference, Object newValue) {
numberPicker.setSummary(newValue.toString());
return true;
}
});
//Language setting
languageListener = (PreferenceScreen) findPreference("UI_LOCALE");
languageListener.setSummary(LocaleHelper.getLanguage(getPrefString("UI_LOCALE", context)));
languageListener.setOnPreferenceClickListener(new Preference.OnPreferenceClickListener() {
@Override
public boolean onPreferenceClick(Preference preference) {
Intent intent = new Intent(getActivity(), UILanguageActivity.class);
startActivityForResult(intent, RESULT_EDIT_LANGUAGE);
return true;
}
});
}
@Override
public void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
if (requestCode == RESULT_EDIT_LANGUAGE && resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
if (data.getBooleanExtra("new_UI_language", false)) {
Intent intent = getActivity().getIntent();
getActivity().startActivity(intent);
getActivity().finish();
getActivity().overridePendingTransition(0, 0);
}
}
}
}
/**
* This fragment shows notification preferences only. It is used when the
* activity is showing a two-pane settings UI.
*/
@TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB)
public static class NotificationPreferenceFragment extends AppCompatPreferenceFragment {
private Context context;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
addPreferencesFromResource(R.xml.pref_notification);
setHasOptionsMenu(true);
context = getActivity();
//Notification tone is listening
RingtonePreference ringtonePreference = (RingtonePreference)findPreference("notifications_new_message_key");
ringtonePreference.setOnPreferenceChangeListener(new Preference.OnPreferenceChangeListener() {
@Override
public boolean onPreferenceChange(Preference preference, Object newValue) {
putPref("notifications_new_message_key", newValue, context);
return true;
}
});
//Vibrate swtich is listening
SwitchPreference vibrateSwitch = (SwitchPreference)findPreference("new_message_vibrate_key");
vibrateSwitch.setOnPreferenceChangeListener(new Preference.OnPreferenceChangeListener() {
@Override
public boolean onPreferenceChange(Preference preference, Object newValue) {
putPref("new_message_vibrate_key", newValue, context);
return true;
}
});
//LED color is listening
ListPreference ledColor = (ListPreference)findPreference("led_color_key");
ledColor.setOnPreferenceChangeListener(new Preference.OnPreferenceChangeListener() {
@Override
public boolean onPreferenceChange(Preference preference, Object newValue) {
putPref("led_color_key", newValue, context);
return true;
}
});
ListPreference priority = (ListPreference)findPreference("popup_priority_key");
priority.setOnPreferenceChangeListener(new Preference.OnPreferenceChangeListener() {
@Override
public boolean onPreferenceChange(Preference preference, Object newValue) {
putPref("popup_priority_key", newValue , context);
return true;
}
});
// Bind the summaries of EditText/List/Dialog/Ringtone preferences
// to their values. When their values change, their summaries are
// updated to reflect the new value, per the Android Design
// guidelines.
bindPreferenceSummaryToValue(findPreference("notifications_new_message_key"));
bindPreferenceSummaryToValue(findPreference("led_color_key"));
bindPreferenceSummaryToValue(findPreference("popup_priority_key"));
}
}
@TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB)
public static class PrivacyAndSecurityFragment extends AppCompatPreferenceFragment {
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
addPreferencesFromResource(R.xml.pref_privacy);
setHasOptionsMenu(true);
SwitchPreference readStatues = (SwitchPreference)findPreference("show_read_statues_key");
readStatues.setOnPreferenceChangeListener(new Preference.OnPreferenceChangeListener() {
@Override
public boolean onPreferenceChange(Preference preference, Object newValue) {
putPref("show_read_statues_key", newValue , getActivity().getApplicationContext());
return true;
}
});
ListPreference privacy = (ListPreference)findPreference("button_show_profile_pic_key");
int index = privacy.findIndexOfValue(getPrefString("button_show_profile_pic_key", getActivity()));
privacy.setSummary(index >= 0
? privacy.getEntries()[index]
: null);
privacy.setOnPreferenceChangeListener(new Preference.OnPreferenceChangeListener() {
@Override
public boolean onPreferenceChange(Preference preference, Object newValue) {
ListPreference listPreference = (ListPreference) preference;
int index = listPreference.findIndexOfValue(newValue.toString());
preference.setSummary(
index >= 0
? listPreference.getEntries()[index]
: null);
if (!getPrefString("button_show_profile_pic_key", getActivity()).equals(newValue.toString())) {
ProfileHelper.sendProfileToServer(false, getActivity().getApplicationContext());
}
return true;
}
});
// Delete all chats listening
Preference deleteAccount = findPreference("delete_account_key");
deleteAccount.setOnPreferenceClickListener(new Preference.OnPreferenceClickListener() {
@Override
public boolean onPreferenceClick(Preference preference) {
AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(getActivity());
builder.setMessage(R.string.delete_account_warning);
builder.setPositiveButton(R.string.contact_confirm, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int id) {
// Set init state
/*SharedPrefManager.setAccountState(States.ACC_INIT);
// Send delete account iq stanza to message server
SocketConnection socketConnection = ((App)getActivity().getApplicationContext()).getSocketConnection();
if (socketConnection != null) {
socketConnection.sendDeleteAccount();
}*/
}
});
builder.setNegativeButton(R.string.contact_cancel, null);
builder.show();
return true;
}
});
}
}
@TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB)
public static class ChatBackgroundsFragment extends AppCompatPreferenceFragment {
private Context context;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
context = getActivity();
addPreferencesFromResource(R.xml.pref_chat_backgrounds);
setHasOptionsMenu(true);
//Switches values changes and listening
final SwitchPreference retainChatSwitch = (SwitchPreference)findPreference("retain_chat_key");
final ListPreference backgroundQaulWifi = (ListPreference)findPreference("backgrounds_wifi_quality_key");
final ListPreference backgroundQaulMobileData = (ListPreference)findPreference("backgrounds_mobile_data_quality_key");
final ListPreference backgroundQaulRoaming = (ListPreference)findPreference("backgrounds_roaming_quality_key");
final ListPreference backgroundChangingModelRetain = (ListPreference)findPreference("background_changing_retain_chat_key");
retainChatSwitch.setOnPreferenceChangeListener(new Preference.OnPreferenceChangeListener() {
@Override
public boolean onPreferenceChange(Preference preference, Object newValue) {
putPref("retain_chat_key", newValue, context);
return true;
}
});
backgroundChangingModelRetain.setOnPreferenceChangeListener(new Preference.OnPreferenceChangeListener(){
@Override
public boolean onPreferenceChange(Preference preference, Object newValue) {
return true;
}
});
backgroundQaulWifi.setOnPreferenceChangeListener(new Preference.OnPreferenceChangeListener() {
@Override
public boolean onPreferenceChange(Preference preference, Object newValue) {
return true;
}
});
backgroundQaulMobileData.setOnPreferenceChangeListener(new Preference.OnPreferenceChangeListener() {
@Override
public boolean onPreferenceChange(Preference preference, Object newValue) {
return true;
}
});
backgroundQaulRoaming.setOnPreferenceChangeListener(new Preference.OnPreferenceChangeListener() {
@Override
public boolean onPreferenceChange(Preference preference, Object newValue) {
return true;
}
});
bindPreferenceSummaryToValue(findPreference("backgrounds_wifi_quality_key"));
bindPreferenceSummaryToValue(findPreference("backgrounds_mobile_data_quality_key"));
bindPreferenceSummaryToValue(findPreference("backgrounds_roaming_quality_key"));
bindPreferenceSummaryToValue(findPreference("background_changing_retain_chat_key"));
}
}
public static void putPref(String key, Object value, Context context) {
SharedPreferences prefs = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(context);
SharedPreferences.Editor editor = prefs.edit();
if (value instanceof String) {
editor.putString(key, (String)value);
} else if (value instanceof Boolean) {
editor.putBoolean(key, (Boolean) value);
} else if (value instanceof Integer) {
editor.putInt(key, (Integer) value);
}
editor.apply();
}
public static String getPrefString(String key, Context context) {
SharedPreferences preferences = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(context);
return preferences.getString(key, null);
}
public static boolean getPrefBool(String key, Context context) {
SharedPreferences preferences = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(context);
return preferences.getBoolean(key, false);
}
public static int getPrefInteger(String key, Context context) {
SharedPreferences preferences = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(context);
return preferences.getInt(key, 0);
}
public static void setDefaultSettings(Context context) {
// General
putPref("enter_is_send_key", false, context);
putPref("message_text_size_key", context.getResources().getInteger(R.integer.number_default_value), context);
// Background settings
putPref("retain_chat_key", true, context);
putPref("background_changing_retain_chat_key", context.getString(R.string.medium_speed_change), context);
putPref("backgrounds_wifi_quality_key", context.getString(R.string.background_quality_high_value), context);
putPref("backgrounds_mobile_data_quality_key", context.getString(R.string.background_quality_low_value), context);
putPref("backgrounds_roaming_quality_key", context.getString(R.string.background_quality_low_value), context);
// Privacy settings
putPref("show_read_statues_key", true, context);
putPref("button_show_profile_pic_key", context.getString(R.string.show_profile_pic_my_contacts_value), context);
// Notifications
putPref("mute_chat_key", true, context);
putPref("notifications_new_message_key", "content://settings/system/notification_sound", context);
putPref("new_message_vibrate_key", false, context);
putPref("led_color_key", context.getString(R.string.led_color_cyan_value), context);
putPref("popup_priority_key", String.valueOf(0), context);
}
@Override
protected void attachBaseContext(Context newBase) {
super.attachBaseContext(LocaleContextWrapper.wrap(newBase, SharedPrefManager.getUILocale()));
}
}
更新： 我发现这两行用于在OnPostCreate函数中设置设置布局和工具栏会导致设置崩溃。我在OnCreate上尝试过但仍然遇到了同样的问题。更详细的说，setContentView是主要问题而且只在Oreo !!!
setContentView(R.layout.activity_setting);
setSupportActionBar((Toolbar) findViewById(R.id.toolbar));
答案 0 :(得分：6)
出现此问题是因为PreferenceActivity的startPreferencePanel方法假设具有id com.android.internal.R.id.prefs（android：id / prefs） 的布局。它尝试用PreferenceFragment的实例替换此布局。由于您使用setCotentView使用了自定义布局，因此找不到此 com.android.internal.R.id.prefs（android：id / prefs） 并且崩溃了。
当我们不设置自定义布局时，PreferenceActivity使用布局preference_list_content.xml。此布局xml文件具有所需的ID。
原因是在Android Oreo之前，PreferenceActivity可以以另一种方式附加新的Fragment（请参阅startPreferencePanel方法下的startWithFragment调用）。
public void startPreferencePanel(String fragmentClass, Bundle args, @StringRes int titleRes,
CharSequence titleText, Fragment resultTo, int resultRequestCode) {
if (mSinglePane) {
startWithFragment(fragmentClass, args, resultTo, resultRequestCode, titleRes, 0);
} else {
Fragment f = Fragment.instantiate(this, fragmentClass, args);
if (resultTo != null) {
f.setTargetFragment(resultTo, resultRequestCode);
}
FragmentTransaction transaction = getFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
transaction.replace(com.android.internal.R.id.prefs, f);
if (titleRes != 0) {
transaction.setBreadCrumbTitle(titleRes);
} else if (titleText != null) {
transaction.setBreadCrumbTitle(titleText);
}
transaction.setTransition(FragmentTransaction.TRANSIT_FRAGMENT_OPEN);
transaction.addToBackStack(BACK_STACK_PREFS);
transaction.commitAllowingStateLoss();
}
}
public void startPreferencePanel(String fragmentClass, Bundle args, @StringRes int titleRes,
CharSequence titleText, Fragment resultTo, int resultRequestCode) {
Fragment f = Fragment.instantiate(this, fragmentClass, args);
if (resultTo != null) {
f.setTargetFragment(resultTo, resultRequestCode);
}
FragmentTransaction transaction = getFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
transaction.replace(com.android.internal.R.id.prefs, f);
if (titleRes != 0) {
transaction.setBreadCrumbTitle(titleRes);
} else if (titleText != null) {
transaction.setBreadCrumbTitle(titleText);
}
transaction.setTransition(FragmentTransaction.TRANSIT_FRAGMENT_OPEN);
transaction.addToBackStack(BACK_STACK_PREFS);
transaction.commitAllowingStateLoss();
}
如果您要定位Honeycomb及更高版本并为其附加PreferenceFragment，Google建议使用普通的Activity而不是PreferenceActivity。
您可以使用方法addPreferencesFromResource在PreferenceFragment中显示PreferenceScreen。
但是，这会打破UI流程。单击此PreferenceFragment将不会执行任何操作。要解决此问题，您只需在Activity中实现PreferenceFragment.OnPreferenceStartFragmentCallback，并用新片段替换当前添加的片段。
有关详细说明，请参阅我的博文 Fixing IllegalArgumentException: No view found when using PreferenceActivity 。