POSIX系统调用putenv
表示调用putenv
后调用者无法释放分配的内存字符串。因此,您无法使用自动变量调用putenv
。
示例:
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <unistd.h>
int main()
{
char envVar[] = "MYVAR=Value";
// putenv(envVar); //ERROR!
char *memory = static_cast<char*>(std::malloc(sizeof(envVar)));
std::strcpy(memory, envVar);
putenv(memory); //OK!
}
我现在的问题是......环境变量内存free
怎么样?是否需要将它们保持在单独的存储上并不断地从环境中移除东西?即。
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <string>
#include <map>
static std::map<std::string, char*> environmentBlock;
static struct EnvironmentBlockFreer
{
~EnvironmentBlockFreer()
{
for(std::map<std::string, char*>::iterator it = environmentBlock.begin()
it != environmentBlock.end(); ++it)
{
putenv(it->first.c_str()); //Remove entry from the environment
std::free(static_cast<void *>(it->second)); //Nuke the memory
}
}
} EnvironmentBlockFreer_ENTRY;
int main()
{
char envVar[] = "MYVAR=Value";
char *memory = static_cast<char*>(std::malloc(sizeof(envVar)));
std::strcpy(memory, envVar);
putenv(memory); //OK!
environmentBlock.insert(std::pair<std::string, char*>(
"MYVAR", memory)); //Remember the values for later!
}
编辑:看起来我需要自己跟踪,至少根据Valgrind的说法:
/* This program: */
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
int main()
{
char str[] = "MYVAR=Example";
char *mem = malloc(sizeof(str));
strcpy(mem, str);
putenv(mem);
}
/* Produced output:
==4219== Memcheck, a memory error detector
==4219== Copyright (C) 2002-2010, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
==4219== Using Valgrind-3.6.0.SVN-Debian and LibVEX; rerun with -h for copyright info
==4219== Command: ./a.out
==4219==
==4219==
==4219== HEAP SUMMARY:
==4219== in use at exit: 14 bytes in 1 blocks
==4219== total heap usage: 2 allocs, 1 frees, 194 bytes allocated
==4219==
==4219== LEAK SUMMARY:
==4219== definitely lost: 14 bytes in 1 blocks
==4219== indirectly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==4219== possibly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==4219== still reachable: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==4219== suppressed: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==4219== Rerun with --leak-check=full to see details of leaked memory
==4219==
==4219== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v
==4219== ERROR SUMMARY: 0 errors from 0 contexts (suppressed: 13 from 8)
*/
答案 0 :(得分:15)
如果您担心内存泄漏,请不要使用putenv()
。
这也是POSIX提供setenv()
和unsetenv()
的原因 - 那些控制内存并管理它的人。
引用putenv()
手册页(上面的网址):
putenv()
函数应使用 string 参数来设置环境变量值。 string 参数应指向“name= value
”形式的字符串。putenv()
函数应通过更改现有变量或创建新变量,使环境变量 name 的值等于 value 。在任何一种情况下, string 指向的字符串都将成为环境的一部分,因此更改字符串将改变环境。一旦定义 name 的新字符串传递给putenv()
, string 使用的空间将不再使用。
答案 1 :(得分:2)
不,您不需要手动执行此操作。当您的进程退出时,操作系统将释放您的环境内存(作为进程内存的一部分)。