Matplotlib：使用plot_Surface在3D Graph中显示Backgroundimage

Question

我正在寻找一种在3D图形的背景上显示.png图像的方法。 我在这里用this Post试了一下，但即使我复制了确切的代码：

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
from matplotlib import cm
from matplotlib.ticker import LinearLocator, FormatStrFormatter
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from matplotlib._png import read_png
from matplotlib.cbook import get_sample_data

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')
X = np.arange(-5, 5, .25)
Y = np.arange(-5, 5, .25)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(X, Y)
R = np.sqrt(X**2 + Y**2)
Z = np.sin(R)
surf = ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, rstride=1, cstride=1, cmap=cm.winter,
                       linewidth=0, antialiased=True)

ax.set_zlim(-2.01, 1.01)
ax.zaxis.set_major_locator(LinearLocator(10))
ax.zaxis.set_major_formatter(FormatStrFormatter('%.02f'))

fn = get_sample_data("./grace_hopper.png", asfileobj=False)
arr = read_png(fn)
# 10 is equal length of x and y axises of your surface
stepX, stepY = 10. / arr.shape[0], 10. / arr.shape[1]

X1 = np.arange(-5, 5, stepX)
Y1 = np.arange(-5, 5, stepY)
X1, Y1 = np.meshgrid(X1, Y1)
Z = 
# stride args allows to determine image quality 
# stride = 1 work slow
ax.plot_surface(X1, Y1, 2.0, rstride=1, cstride=1, facecolors=arr)

plt.show()

我总是得到这个错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "c:\Users\XXX\ZeichnenFabrik\readTextFile.py", line 161, in <module>
    main()
  File "c:\Users\XXX\ZeichnenFabrik\readTextFile.py", line 157, in main
    plotGraph(nodedict,slines)
  File "c:\Users\XXX\ZeichnenFabrik\readTextFile.py", line 145, in plotGraph
    ax.plot_surface(X1, Y1, 0)
  File "C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\site-packages\mpl_toolkits\mplot3d\axes3d.py", line 1609, in plot_surface
    if Z.ndim != 2:
AttributeError: 'int' object has no attribute 'ndim' 

我有办法解决这个问题吗？

Answer 1

似乎matplotlib发生了变化 - plot_surface的第三个参数必须是2D数组。所以用np.atleast_2d包装常量：

ax.plot_surface(X1, Y1, np.atleast_2d(-2.0), rstride=10, cstride=10, facecolors=arr)

另请注意，arr.shape为(600, 512, 3) 而X1.shape是(512, 600)。这会导致形状不匹配，从而产生IndexError。要避免此问题，请更换stepX和stepY：

的定义

height, width = arr.shape[:2]
stepX, stepY = 10.0/width, 10.0/height

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
from matplotlib import cm
from matplotlib.ticker import LinearLocator, FormatStrFormatter
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from matplotlib._png import read_png
from matplotlib.cbook import get_sample_data

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')

X = np.arange(-5, 5, .25)
Y = np.arange(-5, 5, .25)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(X, Y)
R = np.sqrt(X**2 + Y**2)
Z = np.sin(R)
surf = ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, rstride=1, cstride=1, cmap=cm.winter,
                       linewidth=0, antialiased=True)

ax.set_zlim(-2.01, 1.01)
ax.zaxis.set_major_locator(LinearLocator(10))
ax.zaxis.set_major_formatter(FormatStrFormatter('%.02f'))

fn = get_sample_data("./grace_hopper.png", asfileobj=False)
arr = read_png(fn)
height, width = arr.shape[:2]
# 10 is equal length of x and y axises of your surface
stepX, stepY = 10.0/width, 10.0/height

X1 = np.arange(-5, 5, stepX)
Y1 = np.arange(-5, 5, stepY)
X1, Y1 = np.meshgrid(X1, Y1)
ax.plot_surface(X1, Y1, np.atleast_2d(-2.0), rstride=10, cstride=10, facecolors=arr)

plt.show()