我需要在C＃中创建一些秘密的12个字符串。它只能有常规的拉丁字符和数字。
任何最佳做法的想法？
由于
答案 0 :(得分：4)
这是你可以使用的good article。它基于RNGCryptoServiceProvider，这是确保真正随机性所需要的。如果您不想要特殊字符，只需删除代码中使用的PASSWORD_CHARS_SPECIAL数组。例如：
using System;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
public class RandomPassword
{
// Define default min and max password lengths.
private static int DEFAULT_MIN_PASSWORD_LENGTH = 8;
private static int DEFAULT_MAX_PASSWORD_LENGTH = 10;
// Define supported password characters divided into groups.
// You can add (or remove) characters to (from) these groups.
private static string PASSWORD_CHARS_LCASE = "abcdefgijkmnopqrstwxyz";
private static string PASSWORD_CHARS_UCASE = "ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTWXYZ";
private static string PASSWORD_CHARS_NUMERIC = "23456789";
/// <summary>
/// Generates a random password.
/// </summary>
/// <returns>
/// Randomly generated password.
/// </returns>
/// <remarks>
/// The length of the generated password will be determined at
/// random. It will be no shorter than the minimum default and
/// no longer than maximum default.
/// </remarks>
public static string Generate()
{
return Generate(DEFAULT_MIN_PASSWORD_LENGTH,
DEFAULT_MAX_PASSWORD_LENGTH);
}
/// <summary>
/// Generates a random password of the exact length.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="length">
/// Exact password length.
/// </param>
/// <returns>
/// Randomly generated password.
/// </returns>
public static string Generate(int length)
{
return Generate(length, length);
}
/// <summary>
/// Generates a random password.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="minLength">
/// Minimum password length.
/// </param>
/// <param name="maxLength">
/// Maximum password length.
/// </param>
/// <returns>
/// Randomly generated password.
/// </returns>
/// <remarks>
/// The length of the generated password will be determined at
/// random and it will fall with the range determined by the
/// function parameters.
/// </remarks>
public static string Generate(int minLength,
int maxLength)
{
// Make sure that input parameters are valid.
if (minLength <= 0 || maxLength <= 0 || minLength > maxLength)
return null;
// Create a local array containing supported password characters
// grouped by types. You can remove character groups from this
// array, but doing so will weaken the password strength.
char[][] charGroups = new char[][]
{
PASSWORD_CHARS_LCASE.ToCharArray(),
PASSWORD_CHARS_UCASE.ToCharArray(),
PASSWORD_CHARS_NUMERIC.ToCharArray(),
};
// Use this array to track the number of unused characters in each
// character group.
int[] charsLeftInGroup = new int[charGroups.Length];
// Initially, all characters in each group are not used.
for (int i = 0; i < charsLeftInGroup.Length; i++)
charsLeftInGroup[i] = charGroups[i].Length;
// Use this array to track (iterate through) unused character groups.
int[] leftGroupsOrder = new int[charGroups.Length];
// Initially, all character groups are not used.
for (int i = 0; i < leftGroupsOrder.Length; i++)
leftGroupsOrder[i] = i;
// Because we cannot use the default randomizer, which is based on the
// current time (it will produce the same "random" number within a
// second), we will use a random number generator to seed the
// randomizer.
// Use a 4-byte array to fill it with random bytes and convert it then
// to an integer value.
byte[] randomBytes = new byte[4];
// Generate 4 random bytes.
RNGCryptoServiceProvider rng = new RNGCryptoServiceProvider();
rng.GetBytes(randomBytes);
// Convert 4 bytes into a 32-bit integer value.
int seed = (randomBytes[0] & 0x7f) << 24 |
randomBytes[1] << 16 |
randomBytes[2] << 8 |
randomBytes[3];
// Now, this is real randomization.
Random random = new Random(seed);
// This array will hold password characters.
char[] password = null;
// Allocate appropriate memory for the password.
if (minLength < maxLength)
password = new char[random.Next(minLength, maxLength + 1)];
else
password = new char[minLength];
// Index of the next character to be added to password.
int nextCharIdx;
// Index of the next character group to be processed.
int nextGroupIdx;
// Index which will be used to track not processed character groups.
int nextLeftGroupsOrderIdx;
// Index of the last non-processed character in a group.
int lastCharIdx;
// Index of the last non-processed group.
int lastLeftGroupsOrderIdx = leftGroupsOrder.Length - 1;
// Generate password characters one at a time.
for (int i = 0; i < password.Length; i++)
{
// If only one character group remained unprocessed, process it;
// otherwise, pick a random character group from the unprocessed
// group list. To allow a special character to appear in the
// first position, increment the second parameter of the Next
// function call by one, i.e. lastLeftGroupsOrderIdx + 1.
if (lastLeftGroupsOrderIdx == 0)
nextLeftGroupsOrderIdx = 0;
else
nextLeftGroupsOrderIdx = random.Next(0,
lastLeftGroupsOrderIdx);
// Get the actual index of the character group, from which we will
// pick the next character.
nextGroupIdx = leftGroupsOrder[nextLeftGroupsOrderIdx];
// Get the index of the last unprocessed characters in this group.
lastCharIdx = charsLeftInGroup[nextGroupIdx] - 1;
// If only one unprocessed character is left, pick it; otherwise,
// get a random character from the unused character list.
if (lastCharIdx == 0)
nextCharIdx = 0;
else
nextCharIdx = random.Next(0, lastCharIdx + 1);
// Add this character to the password.
password[i] = charGroups[nextGroupIdx][nextCharIdx];
// If we processed the last character in this group, start over.
if (lastCharIdx == 0)
charsLeftInGroup[nextGroupIdx] =
charGroups[nextGroupIdx].Length;
// There are more unprocessed characters left.
else
{
// Swap processed character with the last unprocessed character
// so that we don't pick it until we process all characters in
// this group.
if (lastCharIdx != nextCharIdx)
{
char temp = charGroups[nextGroupIdx][lastCharIdx];
charGroups[nextGroupIdx][lastCharIdx] =
charGroups[nextGroupIdx][nextCharIdx];
charGroups[nextGroupIdx][nextCharIdx] = temp;
}
// Decrement the number of unprocessed characters in
// this group.
charsLeftInGroup[nextGroupIdx]--;
}
// If we processed the last group, start all over.
if (lastLeftGroupsOrderIdx == 0)
lastLeftGroupsOrderIdx = leftGroupsOrder.Length - 1;
// There are more unprocessed groups left.
else
{
// Swap processed group with the last unprocessed group
// so that we don't pick it until we process all groups.
if (lastLeftGroupsOrderIdx != nextLeftGroupsOrderIdx)
{
int temp = leftGroupsOrder[lastLeftGroupsOrderIdx];
leftGroupsOrder[lastLeftGroupsOrderIdx] =
leftGroupsOrder[nextLeftGroupsOrderIdx];
leftGroupsOrder[nextLeftGroupsOrderIdx] = temp;
}
// Decrement the number of unprocessed groups.
lastLeftGroupsOrderIdx--;
}
}
return new string(password);
}
}
class Program
{
public static void Main()
{
Console.WriteLine(RandomPassword.Generate(12));
}
}
答案 1 :(得分：2)
对于这项任务，我主要使用的是here所描述的代码。
public class PasswordGenerator
{
private const string AlphaUpper = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
private const string AlphaLower = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
private const string Numeric = "1234567890";
private const string Special = "@#$?!";
private const string AllChars = AlphaUpper + AlphaLower + Numeric + Special;
private readonly MersenneTwister _random = new MersenneTwister();
/// <summary>
/// Generates a strong password out of upper case, lower case, numeric and special characters.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="length">The length of the password to generate. Must be at least 4.</param>
/// <returns>A random strong password.</returns>
public string Generate(int length)
{
string password = string.Empty;
// generate four repeating random numbers for lower, upper, numeric and special characters
// by filling these positions with corresponding characters, we can ensure the password has
// at least one character of each type
string posArray = "0123456789";
if (length < posArray.Length)
posArray = posArray.Substring(0, length);
int pLower = GetRandomPosition(ref posArray);
int pUpper = GetRandomPosition(ref posArray);
int pNumber = GetRandomPosition(ref posArray);
int pSpecial = GetRandomPosition(ref posArray);
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
{
if (i == pLower)
{
password += GetRandomChar(AlphaUpper);
}
else if (i == pUpper)
{
password += GetRandomChar(AlphaLower);
}
else if (i == pNumber)
{
password += GetRandomChar(Numeric);
}
else if (i == pSpecial)
{
password += GetRandomChar(Special);
}
else
{
password += GetRandomChar(AllChars);
}
}
return password;
}
private string GetRandomChar(string fullString)
{
return fullString.ToCharArray()[(int)Math.Floor(_random.NextDouble() * fullString.Length)].ToString();
}
private int GetRandomPosition(ref string posArray)
{
string randomChar = posArray.ToCharArray()[(int)Math.Floor(_random.NextDouble() * posArray.Length)].ToString();
int pos = int.Parse(randomChar);
posArray = posArray.Replace(randomChar, string.Empty);
return pos;
}
}
你只是想摆脱特殊字符集。
我没有使用文章中描述的.NET Random类，而是使用Mersenne Twister算法生成伪随机数。
答案 2 :(得分：0)
如何构建一个你想要的字符串的简单解决方案，然后调用随机数生成器12次。使用每个随机数索引字符串并获取所需的字符，例如（来自内存）：
String s = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz1234567890";
StringBuilder sekrit = new StringBuilder();
Random r = new Random();
for (int i = 0; i < 12; i++)
sekrit = sekrit + s[r.Next(s.Length)];
return sekrit.ToString();