我正在尝试编写一个用于在图书馆检查/退回书籍的程序，我正在使用临时列表作为patrons.txt和books.txt中所有数据的存储空间，因此我可以编辑它然后放入它回来了。问题是，当我尝试将tempBookFile和tempPatronFile打印到outfile时，以下行的“file = outfile”部分
print(tempBookFile, file = outfile)
以黄色突出显示，当我将鼠标悬停在它上面时会显示Expected type 'Optional[IO[str]] got 'TextIOWrapper[str]' instead"。因此，书籍列表和顾客列表中的所有内容都将被删除，但在签出时存储在顾客文件中的书籍名称除外。
class Book:
def __init__(self, title, author, genre, isbn):
self.title = title
self.author = author
self.genre = genre
self.isbn = isbn
def printAll(self,outfile):
print(self.title, "|", self.author, "|", self.genre, "|", self.isbn, file = outfile)
class Patron:
def __init__(self, name, phone, books):
self.name = name
self.phone = phone
self.books = books
def printAll(self, outfile):
print(self.name, "|", self.phone, "|", self.books, file = outfile)
def main():
print("Welcome to JCK library!")
menu = eval(input("Main menu. Type 1 to enter books, 2 for new patron, 3 to check out book, 4 return book, 5 show status, 6 exit. "))
while(menu != 6):
if(menu == 1):
outfile = open("books.txt", "w")
title = input("Enter title: ")
while(title != "done" and title != "Done"):
author = input("Enter author: ")
genre = input("Enter genre: ")
isbn = input("Enter isbn: ")
book = Book(title,author,genre,isbn)
book.printAll(outfile)
print("Book added: ", title)
print("Author: ", author)
print("Isbn: ", isbn, "\n")
title = input("Enter title: ")
outfile.close()
menu = eval(input( "Main menu. Type 1 to enter books, 2 for new patron, 3 to check out book, 4 return book, 5 show status, 6 exit. "))
elif(menu == 2):
outfile = open("patrons.txt", "w")
name = input("Enter patron name: ")
phone = input("Enter phone number: ")
books = []
patron = Patron(name,phone,books)
patron.printAll(outfile)
outfile.close()
menu = eval(input("Main menu. Type 1 to enter books, 2 for new patron, 3 to check out book, 4 return book, 5 show status, 6 exit. "))
elif(menu == 3):
title = ""
author = ""
genre = ""
isbn = ""
name = ""
phone = ""
books = []
outfile = open("patrons.txt", "r")
patronName = input("Enter Patron Name: ")
if (patronName in outfile.read()):
print("Patron found.")
for line in outfile.readlines():
if(patronName in line):
patronInfo = line.split("|")
name = patronInfo[0]
phone = patronInfo[1]
books = patronInfo[2]
#Creates a temporary list containing all of the contents of the patrons.txt file so that
#the list can be modified and then put back into the patrons.txt file
tempPatronFile = outfile.readlines()
#Removes the line from the temporary list that contains information about the patron who is checking out
#a book so that it can be re-added to the list after it is updated
for line in tempPatronFile:
if(patronName in line):
tempPatronFile.pop(line)
outfile.close()
outfile = open("books.txt", "r")
bookName = input("Enter Book Name: ")
if bookName in outfile.read():
books.append(bookName)
for line in outfile.readlines():
if(bookName in line):
bookInfo = line.split("|")
title = bookInfo[0]
author = bookInfo[1]
genre = bookInfo[2]
isbn = bookInfo[3]
book = Book(title,author,genre,isbn)
#Creates a temporary list containing all of the contents of the books.txt file so that
#the list can be modified and then put back into the books.txt file
tempBookFile = outfile.readlines()
#Removes the line from the temporary list that contains information about the book so that
#the book can be re-added later after it has been returned.
for line in tempBookFile:
if(bookName in line):
tempBookFile.pop(line)
outfile.close()
outfile = open("books.txt", "w")
print(tempBookFile, file = outfile)
outfile.close()
outfile = open("patrons.txt", "w")
print(tempPatronFile, file = outfile)
patron = Patron(name,phone,books)
patron.printAll(outfile)
book.printAll(outfile)
outfile.close()
print("Book due in 2 weeks.")
menu = eval(input("Main menu. Type 1 to enter books, 2 for new patron, 3 to check out book, 4 return book, 5 show status, 6 exit. "))
elif(menu == 4):
outfile = open("patrons.txt", "r")
patronName = input("Enter patron name: ")
if(patronName in outfile.read()):
for line in outfile.readlines():
if(patronName in line):
patronInfo = line.split("|")
name = patronInfo[0]
phone = patronInfo[1]
books = patronInfo[2]
bookName = input("Enter book name: ")
if(bookName in outfile.read()):
for line in outfile.readlines():
if(bookName in line):
bookInfo = line.split("|")
title = bookInfo[0]
author = bookInfo[1]
genre = bookInfo[2]
isbn = bookInfo[3]
book = Book(title, author, genre, isbn)
# Creates a temporary list containing all of the contents of the patrons.txt file so that
# the list can be modified and then put back into the patrons.txt file
tempPatronFile = outfile.readlines()
# Removes the line from the temporary list that contains information about the patron who is checking out
# a book so that it can be re-added to the list after it is updated
for line in tempPatronFile:
if (patronName in line):
tempPatronFile.pop(line)
#Removes the information about the book which was stored in the patron file while it was checked out.
#Upon being returned, the book will go back into the books.txt file
for line in tempPatronFile:
if(bookName in line):
tempPatronFile.pop(line)
outfile.close()
outfile = open("books.txt", "r")
tempBookFile = outfile.readlines()
tempBookFile.append(book)###################################
outfile.close()
outfile = open("books.txt", "w")
print(tempBookFile, file = outfile)
outfile.close()
outfile = open("patrons.txt", "w")
for line in books:
if(bookName in line):
books.pop(line)
patron = Patron(name,phone,books)
print(tempPatronFile, file = outfile)
patron.printAll(outfile)
outfile.close()
print("Book returned.")
menu = eval(input("Main menu. Type 1 to enter books, 2 for new patron, 3 to check out book, 4 return book, 5 show status, 6 exit. "))
elif(menu == 5):
outfile = open("patrons.txt", "r")
patronName = input("Input patron's name: ")
if(patronName in outfile.read()):
for line in outfile.readlines():
if(patronName in line):
patronInfo = line.split("|")
name = patronInfo[0]
phone = patronInfo[1]
books = patronInfo[2]
print(patronName, "has the following book(s) checked out:\n", books)
menu = eval(input("Main menu. Type 1 to enter books, 2 for new patron, 3 to check out book, 4 return book, 5 show status, 6 exit. "))
print("Have a nice day!")
main()
答案 0 :(得分：0)
问题与您的旧学校档案开放有关。您应该避免使用open和close来管理文件，而是使用with语句。大多数情况下，如果您使用的资源需要清理/管理，您应该使用
with open("my_file.txt", "w") as output_file:
# File based operations here
然后PyCharm会很高兴。您可以在此处看到类似的问题：PyCharm - Expected type 'Optional[IO[str]]', got 'TextIOWrapper[str]' instead
另外，当有人评论（现在已删除）时，请确保以正确的模式打开文件。 "w"将清除文件中的所有内容并让您写入文件。 "r"只会让您从中读取。 "a"将允许您附加到该文件，可能是您想要的。如果您查看open的输入，您可以获得完整的详细信息。 https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#open