如何使用for-loop打印结构内容？如果指针，如何指定结构指针？我附加了我创建的代码，它使用用户输入的数据构建一个结构，并以有序的方式打印出来。我的问题是你必须写很多printf()和gets_s()语句来接收和打印输入。我觉得使用for-loop更容易做到这一点。我尝试使用指针在代码中看到for-loop，但它没有编译，我很确定这是指向结构指针的错误方法。 / p>
TL; DR：如何使用for-loop打印结构内容？如果指针，如何指定结构指针？
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#define maxName 50
#define maxNation 50
#define maxAge 100
struct astronaut
{
char firstName[maxName];
char lastName[maxName];
char nation[maxNation];
int age = 0;
char missionName[maxAge];
int missionYear[50];
};
int main()
{
int i = 0;
struct astronaut candidate1;
struct astronaut candidate2;
struct astronaut candidate3;
struct astronaut mission1;
struct astronaut mission2;
struct astronaut mission3;
printf("Please enter the first name of the candidate: ");
gets_s(candidate1.firstName);
printf("Please enter the last name of the candidate: ");
gets_s(candidate1.lastName);
printf("Please enter the nationality of the candidate: ");
gets_s(candidate1.nation);
printf("Please enter the age of the candidate: ");
scanf("%d", &candidate1.age);
printf("Please enter the first name of the candidate: ");
gets_s(candidate2.firstName);
printf("Please enter the last name of the candidate: ");
gets_s(candidate2.lastName);
printf("Please enter the nationality of the candidate: ");
gets_s(candidate2.nation);
printf("Please enter the age of the candidate: ");
scanf("%d", &candidate2.age);
printf("Please enter the first name of the candidate: ");
gets_s(candidate3.firstName);
printf("Please enter the last name of the candidate: ");
gets_s(candidate3.lastName);
printf("Please enter the nationality of the candidate: ");
gets_s(candidate3.nation);
printf("Please enter the age of the candidate: ");
scanf("%d", &candidate3.age);
printf("Enter a Mission Name: ");
gets_s(mission1.missionName);
printf("Enter the year the mission was conducted: ");
scanf("%d", &mission1.missionYear);
printf("Enter a Mission Name: ");
gets_s(mission2.missionName);
printf("Enter the year the mission was conducted: ");
scanf("%d", &mission2.missionYear);
printf("Enter a Mission Name: ");
gets_s(mission3.missionName);
printf("Enter the year the mission was conducted: ");
scanf("%d", &mission3.missionYear);
struct astronaut *ptr;
struct candidate *ptr;
// printf("\n\tAstronaut Candidate Database\n");
// printf("Name: %s %s \t Age: %d \t Nationality: %s\n", candidate1.firstName, candidate1.lastName, candidate1.age, candidate1.nation);
// printf("Name: %s %s \t Age: %d \t Nationality: %s\n", candidate2.firstName, candidate2.lastName, candidate2.age, candidate2.nation);
// printf("Name: %s %s \t Age: %d \t Nationality: %s\n", candidate3.firstName, candidate3.lastName, candidate3.age, candidate3.nation);
// printf("\n\tAstronaut Mission Database\n");
// printf("Mission Name: %s \t Year: %d\n", mission1.missionName, mission1.missionYear);
// printf("Mission Name: %s \t Year: %d\n", mission2.missionName, mission2.missionYear);
// printf("Mission Name: %s \t Year: %d\n", mission3.missionName, mission3.missionYear);
for (int index = 0; index < 5; index++)
{
printf("Name: %s %s \t Age: %d \t Nationality: %s\n", *ptr.firstName, *ptr.lastName, *ptr.age, *ptr.nation);
ptr++;
}
_getch();
return 0;
}
答案 0 :(得分：0)
我认为你需要2个结构。 astronaut和mission不是同一件事。就像现在一样，您有几个未使用的字段，具体取决于您是否为astronaut或mission输入数据。你可以这样做：
#include <stdio.h>
#define maxName 50
#define maxNation 50
#define maxAge 100
struct astronaut
{
char firstName[maxName];
char lastName[maxName];
char nation[maxNation];
int age;
};
struct mission
{
char missionName[maxAge];
int missionYear; // why do you have an array of 50 ints for the missionYear?
};
void enter_candidate_data(struct candidate* cand)
{
// not famliar with gets_s .. I would use fgets here, you can read the manpage on that if you desire
printf("Please enter the first name of the candidate: ");
gets_s(cand->firstName);
printf("Please enter the last name of the candidate: ");
gets_s(cand->lastName);
printf("Please enter the nationality of the candidate: ");
gets_s(cand->nation);
printf("Please enter the age of the candidate: ");
scanf("%d", &(cand->age));
}
void enter_mission_data(struct mission* mis)
{
printf("Enter a Mission Name: ");
gets_s(mis->missionName);
printf("Enter the year the mission was conducted: ");
scanf("%d", &(mis->missionYear));
}
int main()
{
int i;
struct astronaut candidates[3];
struct mission missions[3];
for (i=0; i<3; i++)
{
enter_candidate_data(&(candidates[i]));
// you can put this in a separate loop if you want to enter all
// candidate data first
enter_mission_data(&(missions[i]));
}
// you could also write functions to print the data instead, depends on
// how you want it all presented
for (int i=0; i<3; i++)
{
printf("Name: %s %s \t Age: %d \t Nationality: %s\n",
candidates[i].firstName, candidates[i].lastName, candidates[i].nation);
printf("Mission Name: %s, year %d\n", missions[i].missionName,
missions[i].missionYear);
}
return 0;
}
您可能需要与特定宇航员相关的许多任务（甚至只需一个）。如果是这样，我会定义像这样的数据结构
#define MAX_ASTRONAUT_MISSIONS 20
struct mission
{
char missionName[maxAge];
int missionYear;
};
struct astronaut
{
char firstName[maxName];
char lastName[maxName];
char nation[maxNation];
int age;
struct mission missions[MAX_ASTRONAUT_MISSIONS];
};
这将允许您将MAX_ASTRONAUT_MISSION任务与每位宇航员联系起来。或者，更现实地说，一个任务可能与几名宇航员有关。在这种情况下，您可能希望数据结构更像这样
struct mission
{
char missionName[maxAge];
int missionYear;
};
struct astronaut
{
char firstName[maxName];
char lastName[maxName];
char nation[maxNation];
int age;
// using a pointer to missions will allow you to create one mission, and
// all the astronauts on that mission could get a pointer to it,
// designating they were all on that singular mission.
struct mission* missions[MAX_ASTRONAUT_MISSIONS];
};