我对使用新架构组件时数据绑定的工作原理感到有些困惑。
假设我有一个带有列表,ProgressBar和TextView的简单Activity。 Activity应该负责控制所有视图的状态,但ViewModel应该保存数据和逻辑。 例如,我的活动现在看起来像这样:
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
binding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this, R.layout.activity_main);
listViewModel = ViewModelProviders.of(this).get(ListViewModel.class);
binding.setViewModel(listViewModel);
list = findViewById(R.id.games_list);
listViewModel.getList().observeForever(new Observer<List<Game>>() {
@Override
public void onChanged(@Nullable List<Game> items) {
setUpList(items);
}
});
listViewModel.loadGames();
}
private void setUpList(List<Game> items){
list.setLayoutManager(new LinearLayoutManager(this));
GameAdapter adapter = new GameAdapter();
adapter.setList(items);
list.setAdapter(adapter);
}
和ViewModel它只负责加载数据并在列表准备好后通知Activity,以便它可以准备适配器并显示数据:
public int progressVisibility = View.VISIBLE;
private MutableLiveData<List<Game>> list;
public void loadGames(){
Retrofit retrofit = GamesAPI.create();
GameService service = retrofit.create(GameService.class);
Call<GamesResponse> call = service.fetchGames();
call.enqueue(this);
}
@Override
public void onResponse(Call<GamesResponse> call, Response<GamesResponse> response) {
if(response.body().response.equals("success")){
setList(response.body().data);
}
}
@Override
public void onFailure(Call<GamesResponse> call, Throwable t) {
}
public MutableLiveData<List<Game>> getList() {
if(list == null)
list = new MutableLiveData<>();
if(list.getValue() == null)
list.setValue(new ArrayList<Game>());
return list;
}
public void setList(List<Game> list) {
this.list.postValue(list);
}
我的问题是:显示/隐藏列表,进度条和错误文本的正确方法是什么?
我应该为ViewModel中的每个View添加一个Integer,使其控制视图并使用它,如:
<TextView
android:id="@+id/main_list_error"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@{viewModel.error}"
android:visibility="@{viewModel.errorVisibility}" />
或者ViewModel应该为每个属性实例化一个LiveData对象:
private MutableLiveData<Integer> progressVisibility = new MutableLiveData<>();
private MutableLiveData<Integer> listVisibility = new MutableLiveData<>();
private MutableLiveData<Integer> errorVisibility = new MutableLiveData<>();
在需要时更新它们的值并让Activity观察它们的值?
viewModel.getProgressVisibility().observeForever(new Observer<Integer>() {
@Override
public void onChanged(@Nullable Integer visibility) {
progress.setVisibility(visibility);
}
});
viewModel.getListVisibility().observeForever(new Observer<Integer>() {
@Override
public void onChanged(@Nullable Integer visibility) {
list.setVisibility(visibility);
}
});
viewModel.getErrorVisibility().observeForever(new Observer<Integer>() {
@Override
public void onChanged(@Nullable Integer visibility) {
error.setVisibility(visibility);
}
});
我真的很难理解这一点。如果有人能够澄清这一点,那就太棒了。
由于
答案 0 :(得分:6)
以下是简单的步骤:
public class MainViewModel extends ViewModel {
MutableLiveData<ArrayList<Game>> gamesLiveData = new MutableLiveData<>();
// ObservableBoolean or ObservableField are classes from
// databinding library (android.databinding.ObservableBoolean)
public ObservableBoolean progressVisibile = new ObservableBoolean();
public ObservableBoolean listVisibile = new ObservableBoolean();
public ObservableBoolean errorVisibile = new ObservableBoolean();
public ObservableField<String> error = new ObservableField<String>();
// ...
// For example we want to change list and progress visibility
// We should just change ObservableBoolean property
// databinding knows how to bind view to changed of field
public void loadGames(){
GamesAPI.create().create(GameService.class)
.fetchGames().enqueue(this);
listVisibile.set(false);
progressVisibile.set(true);
}
@Override
public void onResponse(Call<GamesResponse> call, Response<GamesResponse> response) {
if(response.body().response.equals("success")){
gamesLiveData.setValue(response.body().data);
listVisibile.set(true);
progressVisibile.set(false);
}
}
}
然后
<data>
<import type="android.view.View"/>
<variable
name="viewModel"
type="MainViewModel"/>
</data>
...
<ProgressBar
android:layout_width="32dp"
android:layout_height="32dp"
android:visibility="@{viewModel.progressVisibile ? View.VISIBLE : View.GONE}"/>
<ListView
android:layout_width="32dp"
android:layout_height="32dp"
android:visibility="@{viewModel.listVisibile ? View.VISIBLE : View.GONE}"/>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/main_list_error"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@{viewModel.error}"
android:visibility="@{viewModel.errorVisibile ? View.VISIBLE : View.GONE}"/>
另请注意,您可以选择进行观察
ObservableBoolean : false / true
// or
ObservableInt : View.VISIBLE / View.INVISIBLE / View.GONE
但ObservableBoolean更适合ViewModel测试。
此外,您应该考虑生命周期观察LiveData:
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
...
listViewModel.getList().observe((LifecycleOwner) this, new Observer<List<Game>>() {
@Override
public void onChanged(@Nullable List<Game> items) {
setUpList(items);
}
});
}
答案 1 :(得分:0)
以下是实现您的观点的简单步骤。
首先,让您的ViewModel
公开LiveData
个对象,然后您可以使用空值启动LiveData
。
private MutableLiveData<List<Game>> list = new MutableLiveData<>();
public MutableLiveData<List<Game>> getList() {
return list;
}
第二次,让您的观点(活动/片段)观察LiveData
并相应地更改用户界面。
listViewModel = ViewModelProviders.of(this).get(ListViewModel.class);
listViewModel.data.observe(this, new Observer<List<Game>>() {
@Override
public void onChanged(@Nullable final List<Game> games) {
setUpList(games);
}
});
请务必使用observe(LifecycleOwner, Observer)
变体,以便观察者在LifecycleOwner
不再处于活动状态后不接收事件,这基本上意味着当您的片段活动不再存在时活跃的,你不会泄漏那个听众。
第三次,由于数据可用,您需要更新LiveData
对象。
@Override
public void onResponse(Call<GamesResponse> call, Response<GamesResponse> response) {
if(response.body().response.equals("success")){
List<Game> newGames = response.body().data; // Assuming this is a list
list.setValue(newGames); // Update your LiveData object by calling setValue
}
}
通过调用setValue()
上的LiveData
,这会导致您的观看者的onChanged
被调用,并且您的用户界面会自动更新。