我正在尝试使用Java中的fractions。
我想实现算术函数。为此，我首先要求一种方法来规范化功能。我知道我不能加1/6和1/2，直到我有一个共同点。我将不得不添加1/6和3/6。一个天真的方法会让我添加2/12和6/12，然后减少。如何实现性能损失最小的共同点？什么算法最适合这个？
版本8（感谢hstoerr）：
改进包括：
- equals（）方法现在与compareTo（）方法一致
final class Fraction extends Number {
private int numerator;
private int denominator;
public Fraction(int numerator, int denominator) {
if(denominator == 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("denominator is zero");
}
if(denominator < 0) {
numerator *= -1;
denominator *= -1;
}
this.numerator = numerator;
this.denominator = denominator;
}
public Fraction(int numerator) {
this.numerator = numerator;
this.denominator = 1;
}
public int getNumerator() {
return this.numerator;
}
public int getDenominator() {
return this.denominator;
}
public byte byteValue() {
return (byte) this.doubleValue();
}
public double doubleValue() {
return ((double) numerator)/((double) denominator);
}
public float floatValue() {
return (float) this.doubleValue();
}
public int intValue() {
return (int) this.doubleValue();
}
public long longValue() {
return (long) this.doubleValue();
}
public short shortValue() {
return (short) this.doubleValue();
}
public boolean equals(Fraction frac) {
return this.compareTo(frac) == 0;
}
public int compareTo(Fraction frac) {
long t = this.getNumerator() * frac.getDenominator();
long f = frac.getNumerator() * this.getDenominator();
int result = 0;
if(t>f) {
result = 1;
}
else if(f>t) {
result = -1;
}
return result;
}
}
我删除了以前的所有版本。谢谢你：
答案 0 :(得分：61)
就在不久前我为Project Euler problems编写了一个BigFraction类。它保留了一个BigInteger分子和分母，因此它永远不会溢出。但是对于你知道永远不会溢出的许多操作来说，这将是一个缓慢的过程..无论如何，如果你想要它，请使用它。我一直渴望以某种方式表明这一点。 ：）
修改：此代码的最新版本，包括单元测试now hosted on GitHub和available via Maven Central。我将原始代码保留在此处，以便此答案不仅仅是一个链接......
import java.math.*;
/**
* Arbitrary-precision fractions, utilizing BigIntegers for numerator and
* denominator. Fraction is always kept in lowest terms. Fraction is
* immutable, and guaranteed not to have a null numerator or denominator.
* Denominator will always be positive (so sign is carried by numerator,
* and a zero-denominator is impossible).
*/
public final class BigFraction extends Number implements Comparable<BigFraction>
{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; //because Number is Serializable
private final BigInteger numerator;
private final BigInteger denominator;
public final static BigFraction ZERO = new BigFraction(BigInteger.ZERO, BigInteger.ONE, true);
public final static BigFraction ONE = new BigFraction(BigInteger.ONE, BigInteger.ONE, true);
/**
* Constructs a BigFraction with given numerator and denominator. Fraction
* will be reduced to lowest terms. If fraction is negative, negative sign will
* be carried on numerator, regardless of how the values were passed in.
*/
public BigFraction(BigInteger numerator, BigInteger denominator)
{
if(numerator == null)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Numerator is null");
if(denominator == null)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Denominator is null");
if(denominator.equals(BigInteger.ZERO))
throw new ArithmeticException("Divide by zero.");
//only numerator should be negative.
if(denominator.signum() < 0)
{
numerator = numerator.negate();
denominator = denominator.negate();
}
//create a reduced fraction
BigInteger gcd = numerator.gcd(denominator);
this.numerator = numerator.divide(gcd);
this.denominator = denominator.divide(gcd);
}
/**
* Constructs a BigFraction from a whole number.
*/
public BigFraction(BigInteger numerator)
{
this(numerator, BigInteger.ONE, true);
}
public BigFraction(long numerator, long denominator)
{
this(BigInteger.valueOf(numerator), BigInteger.valueOf(denominator));
}
public BigFraction(long numerator)
{
this(BigInteger.valueOf(numerator), BigInteger.ONE, true);
}
/**
* Constructs a BigFraction from a floating-point number.
*
* Warning: round-off error in IEEE floating point numbers can result
* in answers that are unexpected. For example,
* System.out.println(new BigFraction(1.1))
* will print:
* 2476979795053773/2251799813685248
*
* This is because 1.1 cannot be expressed exactly in binary form. The
* given fraction is exactly equal to the internal representation of
* the double-precision floating-point number. (Which, for 1.1, is:
* (-1)^0 * 2^0 * (1 + 0x199999999999aL / 0x10000000000000L).)
*
* NOTE: In many cases, BigFraction(Double.toString(d)) may give a result
* closer to what the user expects.
*/
public BigFraction(double d)
{
if(Double.isInfinite(d))
throw new IllegalArgumentException("double val is infinite");
if(Double.isNaN(d))
throw new IllegalArgumentException("double val is NaN");
//special case - math below won't work right for 0.0 or -0.0
if(d == 0)
{
numerator = BigInteger.ZERO;
denominator = BigInteger.ONE;
return;
}
final long bits = Double.doubleToLongBits(d);
final int sign = (int)(bits >> 63) & 0x1;
final int exponent = ((int)(bits >> 52) & 0x7ff) - 0x3ff;
final long mantissa = bits & 0xfffffffffffffL;
//number is (-1)^sign * 2^(exponent) * 1.mantissa
BigInteger tmpNumerator = BigInteger.valueOf(sign==0 ? 1 : -1);
BigInteger tmpDenominator = BigInteger.ONE;
//use shortcut: 2^x == 1 << x. if x is negative, shift the denominator
if(exponent >= 0)
tmpNumerator = tmpNumerator.multiply(BigInteger.ONE.shiftLeft(exponent));
else
tmpDenominator = tmpDenominator.multiply(BigInteger.ONE.shiftLeft(-exponent));
//1.mantissa == 1 + mantissa/2^52 == (2^52 + mantissa)/2^52
tmpDenominator = tmpDenominator.multiply(BigInteger.valueOf(0x10000000000000L));
tmpNumerator = tmpNumerator.multiply(BigInteger.valueOf(0x10000000000000L + mantissa));
BigInteger gcd = tmpNumerator.gcd(tmpDenominator);
numerator = tmpNumerator.divide(gcd);
denominator = tmpDenominator.divide(gcd);
}
/**
* Constructs a BigFraction from two floating-point numbers.
*
* Warning: round-off error in IEEE floating point numbers can result
* in answers that are unexpected. See BigFraction(double) for more
* information.
*
* NOTE: In many cases, BigFraction(Double.toString(numerator) + "/" + Double.toString(denominator))
* may give a result closer to what the user expects.
*/
public BigFraction(double numerator, double denominator)
{
if(denominator == 0)
throw new ArithmeticException("Divide by zero.");
BigFraction tmp = new BigFraction(numerator).divide(new BigFraction(denominator));
this.numerator = tmp.numerator;
this.denominator = tmp.denominator;
}
/**
* Constructs a new BigFraction from the given BigDecimal object.
*/
public BigFraction(BigDecimal d)
{
this(d.scale() < 0 ? d.unscaledValue().multiply(BigInteger.TEN.pow(-d.scale())) : d.unscaledValue(),
d.scale() < 0 ? BigInteger.ONE : BigInteger.TEN.pow(d.scale()));
}
public BigFraction(BigDecimal numerator, BigDecimal denominator)
{
if(denominator.equals(BigDecimal.ZERO))
throw new ArithmeticException("Divide by zero.");
BigFraction tmp = new BigFraction(numerator).divide(new BigFraction(denominator));
this.numerator = tmp.numerator;
this.denominator = tmp.denominator;
}
/**
* Constructs a BigFraction from a String. Expected format is numerator/denominator,
* but /denominator part is optional. Either numerator or denominator may be a floating-
* point decimal number, which in the same format as a parameter to the
* <code>BigDecimal(String)</code> constructor.
*
* @throws NumberFormatException if the string cannot be properly parsed.
*/
public BigFraction(String s)
{
int slashPos = s.indexOf('/');
if(slashPos < 0)
{
BigFraction res = new BigFraction(new BigDecimal(s));
this.numerator = res.numerator;
this.denominator = res.denominator;
}
else
{
BigDecimal num = new BigDecimal(s.substring(0, slashPos));
BigDecimal den = new BigDecimal(s.substring(slashPos+1, s.length()));
BigFraction res = new BigFraction(num, den);
this.numerator = res.numerator;
this.denominator = res.denominator;
}
}
/**
* Returns this + f.
*/
public BigFraction add(BigFraction f)
{
if(f == null)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Null argument");
//n1/d1 + n2/d2 = (n1*d2 + d1*n2)/(d1*d2)
return new BigFraction(numerator.multiply(f.denominator).add(denominator.multiply(f.numerator)),
denominator.multiply(f.denominator));
}
/**
* Returns this + b.
*/
public BigFraction add(BigInteger b)
{
if(b == null)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Null argument");
//n1/d1 + n2 = (n1 + d1*n2)/d1
return new BigFraction(numerator.add(denominator.multiply(b)),
denominator, true);
}
/**
* Returns this + n.
*/
public BigFraction add(long n)
{
return add(BigInteger.valueOf(n));
}
/**
* Returns this - f.
*/
public BigFraction subtract(BigFraction f)
{
if(f == null)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Null argument");
return new BigFraction(numerator.multiply(f.denominator).subtract(denominator.multiply(f.numerator)),
denominator.multiply(f.denominator));
}
/**
* Returns this - b.
*/
public BigFraction subtract(BigInteger b)
{
if(b == null)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Null argument");
return new BigFraction(numerator.subtract(denominator.multiply(b)),
denominator, true);
}
/**
* Returns this - n.
*/
public BigFraction subtract(long n)
{
return subtract(BigInteger.valueOf(n));
}
/**
* Returns this * f.
*/
public BigFraction multiply(BigFraction f)
{
if(f == null)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Null argument");
return new BigFraction(numerator.multiply(f.numerator), denominator.multiply(f.denominator));
}
/**
* Returns this * b.
*/
public BigFraction multiply(BigInteger b)
{
if(b == null)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Null argument");
return new BigFraction(numerator.multiply(b), denominator);
}
/**
* Returns this * n.
*/
public BigFraction multiply(long n)
{
return multiply(BigInteger.valueOf(n));
}
/**
* Returns this / f.
*/
public BigFraction divide(BigFraction f)
{
if(f == null)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Null argument");
if(f.numerator.equals(BigInteger.ZERO))
throw new ArithmeticException("Divide by zero");
return new BigFraction(numerator.multiply(f.denominator), denominator.multiply(f.numerator));
}
/**
* Returns this / b.
*/
public BigFraction divide(BigInteger b)
{
if(b == null)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Null argument");
if(b.equals(BigInteger.ZERO))
throw new ArithmeticException("Divide by zero");
return new BigFraction(numerator, denominator.multiply(b));
}
/**
* Returns this / n.
*/
public BigFraction divide(long n)
{
return divide(BigInteger.valueOf(n));
}
/**
* Returns this^exponent.
*/
public BigFraction pow(int exponent)
{
if(exponent == 0)
return BigFraction.ONE;
else if (exponent == 1)
return this;
else if (exponent < 0)
return new BigFraction(denominator.pow(-exponent), numerator.pow(-exponent), true);
else
return new BigFraction(numerator.pow(exponent), denominator.pow(exponent), true);
}
/**
* Returns 1/this.
*/
public BigFraction reciprocal()
{
if(this.numerator.equals(BigInteger.ZERO))
throw new ArithmeticException("Divide by zero");
return new BigFraction(denominator, numerator, true);
}
/**
* Returns the complement of this fraction, which is equal to 1 - this.
* Useful for probabilities/statistics.
*/
public BigFraction complement()
{
return new BigFraction(denominator.subtract(numerator), denominator, true);
}
/**
* Returns -this.
*/
public BigFraction negate()
{
return new BigFraction(numerator.negate(), denominator, true);
}
/**
* Returns -1, 0, or 1, representing the sign of this fraction.
*/
public int signum()
{
return numerator.signum();
}
/**
* Returns the absolute value of this.
*/
public BigFraction abs()
{
return (signum() < 0 ? negate() : this);
}
/**
* Returns a string representation of this, in the form
* numerator/denominator.
*/
public String toString()
{
return numerator.toString() + "/" + denominator.toString();
}
/**
* Returns if this object is equal to another object.
*/
public boolean equals(Object o)
{
if(!(o instanceof BigFraction))
return false;
BigFraction f = (BigFraction)o;
return numerator.equals(f.numerator) && denominator.equals(f.denominator);
}
/**
* Returns a hash code for this object.
*/
public int hashCode()
{
//using the method generated by Eclipse, but streamlined a bit..
return (31 + numerator.hashCode())*31 + denominator.hashCode();
}
/**
* Returns a negative, zero, or positive number, indicating if this object
* is less than, equal to, or greater than f, respectively.
*/
public int compareTo(BigFraction f)
{
if(f == null)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Null argument");
//easy case: this and f have different signs
if(signum() != f.signum())
return signum() - f.signum();
//next easy case: this and f have the same denominator
if(denominator.equals(f.denominator))
return numerator.compareTo(f.numerator);
//not an easy case, so first make the denominators equal then compare the numerators
return numerator.multiply(f.denominator).compareTo(denominator.multiply(f.numerator));
}
/**
* Returns the smaller of this and f.
*/
public BigFraction min(BigFraction f)
{
if(f == null)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Null argument");
return (this.compareTo(f) <= 0 ? this : f);
}
/**
* Returns the maximum of this and f.
*/
public BigFraction max(BigFraction f)
{
if(f == null)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Null argument");
return (this.compareTo(f) >= 0 ? this : f);
}
/**
* Returns a positive BigFraction, greater than or equal to zero, and less than one.
*/
public static BigFraction random()
{
return new BigFraction(Math.random());
}
public final BigInteger getNumerator() { return numerator; }
public final BigInteger getDenominator() { return denominator; }
//implementation of Number class. may cause overflow.
public byte byteValue() { return (byte) Math.max(Byte.MIN_VALUE, Math.min(Byte.MAX_VALUE, longValue())); }
public short shortValue() { return (short)Math.max(Short.MIN_VALUE, Math.min(Short.MAX_VALUE, longValue())); }
public int intValue() { return (int) Math.max(Integer.MIN_VALUE, Math.min(Integer.MAX_VALUE, longValue())); }
public long longValue() { return Math.round(doubleValue()); }
public float floatValue() { return (float)doubleValue(); }
public double doubleValue() { return toBigDecimal(18).doubleValue(); }
/**
* Returns a BigDecimal representation of this fraction. If possible, the
* returned value will be exactly equal to the fraction. If not, the BigDecimal
* will have a scale large enough to hold the same number of significant figures
* as both numerator and denominator, or the equivalent of a double-precision
* number, whichever is more.
*/
public BigDecimal toBigDecimal()
{
//Implementation note: A fraction can be represented exactly in base-10 iff its
//denominator is of the form 2^a * 5^b, where a and b are nonnegative integers.
//(In other words, if there are no prime factors of the denominator except for
//2 and 5, or if the denominator is 1). So to determine if this denominator is
//of this form, continually divide by 2 to get the number of 2's, and then
//continually divide by 5 to get the number of 5's. Afterward, if the denominator
//is 1 then there are no other prime factors.
//Note: number of 2's is given by the number of trailing 0 bits in the number
int twos = denominator.getLowestSetBit();
BigInteger tmpDen = denominator.shiftRight(twos); // x / 2^n === x >> n
final BigInteger FIVE = BigInteger.valueOf(5);
int fives = 0;
BigInteger[] divMod = null;
//while(tmpDen % 5 == 0) { fives++; tmpDen /= 5; }
while(BigInteger.ZERO.equals((divMod = tmpDen.divideAndRemainder(FIVE))[1]))
{
fives++;
tmpDen = divMod[0];
}
if(BigInteger.ONE.equals(tmpDen))
{
//This fraction will terminate in base 10, so it can be represented exactly as
//a BigDecimal. We would now like to make the fraction of the form
//unscaled / 10^scale. We know that 2^x * 5^x = 10^x, and our denominator is
//in the form 2^twos * 5^fives. So use max(twos, fives) as the scale, and
//multiply the numerator and deminator by the appropriate number of 2's or 5's
//such that the denominator is of the form 2^scale * 5^scale. (Of course, we
//only have to actually multiply the numerator, since all we need for the
//BigDecimal constructor is the scale.
BigInteger unscaled = numerator;
int scale = Math.max(twos, fives);
if(twos < fives)
unscaled = unscaled.shiftLeft(fives - twos); //x * 2^n === x << n
else if (fives < twos)
unscaled = unscaled.multiply(FIVE.pow(twos - fives));
return new BigDecimal(unscaled, scale);
}
//else: this number will repeat infinitely in base-10. So try to figure out
//a good number of significant digits. Start with the number of digits required
//to represent the numerator and denominator in base-10, which is given by
//bitLength / log[2](10). (bitLenth is the number of digits in base-2).
final double LG10 = 3.321928094887362; //Precomputed ln(10)/ln(2), a.k.a. log[2](10)
int precision = Math.max(numerator.bitLength(), denominator.bitLength());
precision = (int)Math.ceil(precision / LG10);
//If the precision is less than 18 digits, use 18 digits so that the number
//will be at least as accurate as a cast to a double. For example, with
//the fraction 1/3, precision will be 1, giving a result of 0.3. This is
//quite a bit different from what a user would expect.
if(precision < 18)
precision = 18;
return toBigDecimal(precision);
}
/**
* Returns a BigDecimal representation of this fraction, with a given precision.
* @param precision the number of significant figures to be used in the result.
*/
public BigDecimal toBigDecimal(int precision)
{
return new BigDecimal(numerator).divide(new BigDecimal(denominator), new MathContext(precision, RoundingMode.HALF_EVEN));
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
// PRIVATE FUNCTIONS
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Private constructor, used when you can be certain that the fraction is already in
* lowest terms. No check is done to reduce numerator/denominator. A check is still
* done to maintain a positive denominator.
*
* @param throwaway unused variable, only here to signal to the compiler that this
* constructor should be used.
*/
private BigFraction(BigInteger numerator, BigInteger denominator, boolean throwaway)
{
if(denominator.signum() < 0)
{
this.numerator = numerator.negate();
this.denominator = denominator.negate();
}
else
{
this.numerator = numerator;
this.denominator = denominator;
}
}
}
答案 1 :(得分：58)
BigInteger存储任意精确的值。如果不是那么long，这有一个更容易实现; Number; Comparable<T>; equals()和hashCode(); String; toString();和Serializable。事实上，试试这个尺寸。它运行但可能有一些问题：
public class BigRational extends Number implements Comparable<BigRational>, Serializable {
public final static BigRational ZERO = new BigRational(BigInteger.ZERO, BigInteger.ONE);
private final static long serialVersionUID = 1099377265582986378L;
private final BigInteger numerator, denominator;
private BigRational(BigInteger numerator, BigInteger denominator) {
this.numerator = numerator;
this.denominator = denominator;
}
private static BigRational canonical(BigInteger numerator, BigInteger denominator, boolean checkGcd) {
if (denominator.signum() == 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("denominator is zero");
}
if (numerator.signum() == 0) {
return ZERO;
}
if (denominator.signum() < 0) {
numerator = numerator.negate();
denominator = denominator.negate();
}
if (checkGcd) {
BigInteger gcd = numerator.gcd(denominator);
if (!gcd.equals(BigInteger.ONE)) {
numerator = numerator.divide(gcd);
denominator = denominator.divide(gcd);
}
}
return new BigRational(numerator, denominator);
}
public static BigRational getInstance(BigInteger numerator, BigInteger denominator) {
return canonical(numerator, denominator, true);
}
public static BigRational getInstance(long numerator, long denominator) {
return canonical(new BigInteger("" + numerator), new BigInteger("" + denominator), true);
}
public static BigRational getInstance(String numerator, String denominator) {
return canonical(new BigInteger(numerator), new BigInteger(denominator), true);
}
public static BigRational valueOf(String s) {
Pattern p = Pattern.compile("(-?\\d+)(?:.(\\d+)?)?0*(?:e(-?\\d+))?");
Matcher m = p.matcher(s);
if (!m.matches()) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown format '" + s + "'");
}
// this translates 23.123e5 to 25,123 / 1000 * 10^5 = 2,512,300 / 1 (GCD)
String whole = m.group(1);
String decimal = m.group(2);
String exponent = m.group(3);
String n = whole;
// 23.123 => 23123
if (decimal != null) {
n += decimal;
}
BigInteger numerator = new BigInteger(n);
// exponent is an int because BigInteger.pow() takes an int argument
// it gets more difficult if exponent needs to be outside {-2 billion,2 billion}
int exp = exponent == null ? 0 : Integer.valueOf(exponent);
int decimalPlaces = decimal == null ? 0 : decimal.length();
exp -= decimalPlaces;
BigInteger denominator;
if (exp < 0) {
denominator = BigInteger.TEN.pow(-exp);
} else {
numerator = numerator.multiply(BigInteger.TEN.pow(exp));
denominator = BigInteger.ONE;
}
// done
return canonical(numerator, denominator, true);
}
// Comparable
public int compareTo(BigRational o) {
// note: this is a bit of cheat, relying on BigInteger.compareTo() returning
// -1, 0 or 1. For the more general contract of compareTo(), you'd need to do
// more checking
if (numerator.signum() != o.numerator.signum()) {
return numerator.signum() - o.numerator.signum();
} else {
// oddly BigInteger has gcd() but no lcm()
BigInteger i1 = numerator.multiply(o.denominator);
BigInteger i2 = o.numerator.multiply(denominator);
return i1.compareTo(i2); // expensive!
}
}
public BigRational add(BigRational o) {
if (o.numerator.signum() == 0) {
return this;
} else if (numerator.signum() == 0) {
return o;
} else if (denominator.equals(o.denominator)) {
return new BigRational(numerator.add(o.numerator), denominator);
} else {
return canonical(numerator.multiply(o.denominator).add(o.numerator.multiply(denominator)), denominator.multiply(o.denominator), true);
}
}
public BigRational multiply(BigRational o) {
if (numerator.signum() == 0 || o.numerator.signum( )== 0) {
return ZERO;
} else if (numerator.equals(o.denominator)) {
return canonical(o.numerator, denominator, true);
} else if (o.numerator.equals(denominator)) {
return canonical(numerator, o.denominator, true);
} else if (numerator.negate().equals(o.denominator)) {
return canonical(o.numerator.negate(), denominator, true);
} else if (o.numerator.negate().equals(denominator)) {
return canonical(numerator.negate(), o.denominator, true);
} else {
return canonical(numerator.multiply(o.numerator), denominator.multiply(o.denominator), true);
}
}
public BigInteger getNumerator() { return numerator; }
public BigInteger getDenominator() { return denominator; }
public boolean isInteger() { return numerator.signum() == 0 || denominator.equals(BigInteger.ONE); }
public BigRational negate() { return new BigRational(numerator.negate(), denominator); }
public BigRational invert() { return canonical(denominator, numerator, false); }
public BigRational abs() { return numerator.signum() < 0 ? negate() : this; }
public BigRational pow(int exp) { return canonical(numerator.pow(exp), denominator.pow(exp), true); }
public BigRational subtract(BigRational o) { return add(o.negate()); }
public BigRational divide(BigRational o) { return multiply(o.invert()); }
public BigRational min(BigRational o) { return compareTo(o) <= 0 ? this : o; }
public BigRational max(BigRational o) { return compareTo(o) >= 0 ? this : o; }
public BigDecimal toBigDecimal(int scale, RoundingMode roundingMode) {
return isInteger() ? new BigDecimal(numerator) : new BigDecimal(numerator).divide(new BigDecimal(denominator), scale, roundingMode);
}
// Number
public int intValue() { return isInteger() ? numerator.intValue() : numerator.divide(denominator).intValue(); }
public long longValue() { return isInteger() ? numerator.longValue() : numerator.divide(denominator).longValue(); }
public float floatValue() { return (float)doubleValue(); }
public double doubleValue() { return isInteger() ? numerator.doubleValue() : numerator.doubleValue() / denominator.doubleValue(); }
@Override
public String toString() { return isInteger() ? String.format("%,d", numerator) : String.format("%,d / %,d", numerator, denominator); }
@Override
public boolean equals(Object o) {
if (this == o) return true;
if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
BigRational that = (BigRational) o;
if (denominator != null ? !denominator.equals(that.denominator) : that.denominator != null) return false;
if (numerator != null ? !numerator.equals(that.numerator) : that.numerator != null) return false;
return true;
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
int result = numerator != null ? numerator.hashCode() : 0;
result = 31 * result + (denominator != null ? denominator.hashCode() : 0);
return result;
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
BigRational r1 = BigRational.valueOf("3.14e4");
BigRational r2 = BigRational.getInstance(111, 7);
dump("r1", r1);
dump("r2", r2);
dump("r1 + r2", r1.add(r2));
dump("r1 - r2", r1.subtract(r2));
dump("r1 * r2", r1.multiply(r2));
dump("r1 / r2", r1.divide(r2));
dump("r2 ^ 2", r2.pow(2));
}
public static void dump(String name, BigRational r) {
System.out.printf("%s = %s%n", name, r);
System.out.printf("%s.negate() = %s%n", name, r.negate());
System.out.printf("%s.invert() = %s%n", name, r.invert());
System.out.printf("%s.intValue() = %,d%n", name, r.intValue());
System.out.printf("%s.longValue() = %,d%n", name, r.longValue());
System.out.printf("%s.floatValue() = %,f%n", name, r.floatValue());
System.out.printf("%s.doubleValue() = %,f%n", name, r.doubleValue());
System.out.println();
}
}
输出是：
r1 = 31,400
r1.negate() = -31,400
r1.invert() = 1 / 31,400
r1.intValue() = 31,400
r1.longValue() = 31,400
r1.floatValue() = 31,400.000000
r1.doubleValue() = 31,400.000000
r2 = 111 / 7
r2.negate() = -111 / 7
r2.invert() = 7 / 111
r2.intValue() = 15
r2.longValue() = 15
r2.floatValue() = 15.857142
r2.doubleValue() = 15.857143
r1 + r2 = 219,911 / 7
r1 + r2.negate() = -219,911 / 7
r1 + r2.invert() = 7 / 219,911
r1 + r2.intValue() = 31,415
r1 + r2.longValue() = 31,415
r1 + r2.floatValue() = 31,415.857422
r1 + r2.doubleValue() = 31,415.857143
r1 - r2 = 219,689 / 7
r1 - r2.negate() = -219,689 / 7
r1 - r2.invert() = 7 / 219,689
r1 - r2.intValue() = 31,384
r1 - r2.longValue() = 31,384
r1 - r2.floatValue() = 31,384.142578
r1 - r2.doubleValue() = 31,384.142857
r1 * r2 = 3,485,400 / 7
r1 * r2.negate() = -3,485,400 / 7
r1 * r2.invert() = 7 / 3,485,400
r1 * r2.intValue() = 497,914
r1 * r2.longValue() = 497,914
r1 * r2.floatValue() = 497,914.281250
r1 * r2.doubleValue() = 497,914.285714
r1 / r2 = 219,800 / 111
r1 / r2.negate() = -219,800 / 111
r1 / r2.invert() = 111 / 219,800
r1 / r2.intValue() = 1,980
r1 / r2.longValue() = 1,980
r1 / r2.floatValue() = 1,980.180176
r1 / r2.doubleValue() = 1,980.180180
r2 ^ 2 = 12,321 / 49
r2 ^ 2.negate() = -12,321 / 49
r2 ^ 2.invert() = 49 / 12,321
r2 ^ 2.intValue() = 251
r2 ^ 2.longValue() = 251
r2 ^ 2.floatValue() = 251.448975
r2 ^ 2.doubleValue() = 251.448980
答案 2 :(得分：27)
我正在尝试使用Java中的适当分数。
Apache Commons Math已经有一段Fraction课了很长一段时间。大多数时候，答案是“男孩，我希望Java在核心库中有类似 X 的东西！”可以在Apache Commons library的保护伞下找到。
答案 3 :(得分：24)
请将其设为不可变类型！例如，分数的值不会改变 - 一半不会变成第三个。您可以使用withDenominator而不是setDenominator，它返回一个 new 小数，它具有相同的分子但指定的分母。
使用不可变类型，生活更容易 。
覆盖equals和hashcode也是明智的，因此它可以用在地图和集合中。 Outlaw Programmer关于算术运算符和字符串格式的观点也很好。
作为一般指南，请看一下BigInteger和BigDecimal。他们没有做同样的事情，但他们的相似性足以给你很好的想法。
答案 4 :(得分：7)
嗯，首先，我会摆脱制定者并使分数不可变。
你可能还想要添加，减去等方法，也许还有一些方法可以用各种String格式来表示。
编辑：我可能会将这些字段标记为“最终”以表明我的意图，但我想这不是什么大问题......答案 5 :(得分：5)
答案 6 :(得分：5)
我需要从最小到最大订购它们， 所以最终我还需要将它们表示为双倍
不是绝对必要的。 （事实上，如果你想正确处理相等性，不要依赖double来正常工作。）如果b * d为正，则a / b < c / d如果广告＆lt;公元前。如果涉及负整数，则可以适当处理......
我可能会改写为：
public int compareTo(Fraction frac)
{
// we are comparing this=a/b with frac=c/d
// by multiplying both sides by bd.
// If bd is positive, then a/b < c/d <=> ad < bc.
// If bd is negative, then a/b < c/d <=> ad > bc.
// If bd is 0, then you've got other problems (either b=0 or d=0)
int d = frac.getDenominator();
long ad = (long)this.numerator * d;
long bc = (long)this.denominator * frac.getNumerator();
long diff = ((long)d*this.denominator > 0) ? (ad-bc) : (bc-ad);
return (diff > 0 ? 1 : (diff < 0 ? -1 : 0));
}
这里使用long是为了确保如果你乘以两个大的int s就没有溢出。 handle如果你可以保证分母总是非负的（如果它是负数，只是否定分子和分母），那么你可以摆脱必须检查b * d是否为正并保存几步。我不确定你用零分母寻找什么行为。
不确定性能与使用双打进行比较的效果如何。 （也就是说，如果你关心性能那么多）这是我用来检查的测试方法。 （似乎正常工作。）
public static void main(String[] args)
{
int a = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
int b = Integer.parseInt(args[1]);
int c = Integer.parseInt(args[2]);
int d = Integer.parseInt(args[3]);
Fraction f1 = new Fraction(a,b);
Fraction f2 = new Fraction(c,d);
int rel = f1.compareTo(f2);
String relstr = "<=>";
System.out.println(a+"/"+b+" "+relstr.charAt(rel+1)+" "+c+"/"+d);
}
（p.s。您可以考虑进行重组，以便为您的班级实施Comparable或Comparator。）
答案 7 :(得分：4)
有几种方法可以改善这种或任何值类型：
基本上，请查看其他值类的API，例如Double，Integer并执行它们的操作：）
答案 8 :(得分：4)
一个非常小的改进可能是保存您正在计算的双值，以便您只在第一次访问时计算它。除非你经常访问这个号码，否则这不会是一场大胜利，但这也不是一件容易的事。
另外一点可能是您在分母中执行的错误检查...您自动将0更改为1.不确定这对于您的特定应用程序是否正确，但通常如果有人试图除以0，则是非常错误的。我会抛出一个异常（如果你认为需要一个特殊的例外），而不是以一种看似任意的方式改变用户不知道的值。
与其他一些评论相关，关于添加减法的方法等等...因为你没有提到需要它们，我假设你没有。除非您正在构建一个真正将在许多地方或其他人使用的库，否则请与YAGNI一起使用（您不需要它，所以它不应该在那里。）
答案 9 :(得分：3)
如果将一个分数的分子和分母与另一个分母的分母相乘，反之亦然，最终得到两个具有相同分母的分数（仍然是相同的值），您可以直接比较分子。因此，您不需要计算双精度值：
public int compareTo(Fraction frac) {
int t = this.numerator * frac.getDenominator();
int f = frac.getNumerator() * this.denominator;
if(t>f) return 1;
if(f>t) return -1;
return 0;
}
答案 10 :(得分：2)
我将如何改进该代码：
答案 11 :(得分：2)
具体：有没有更好的方法来处理传递零分母？将分母设置为1是非常随意的。我怎么能这样做？
我会说抛出ArithmeticException除以零，因为那真的是发生了什么：
public Fraction(int numerator, int denominator) {
if(denominator == 0)
throw new ArithmeticException("Divide by zero.");
this.numerator = numerator;
this.denominator = denominator;
}
而不是“除以零。”，您可能希望使消息说“除以零：分数的分母为零。”
答案 12 :(得分：2)
你已经有了compareTo函数......我会实现Comparable接口。
对于你将要做的任何事情，这可能并不重要。
答案 13 :(得分：2)
答案 14 :(得分：1)
我将提供第三或第五或任何使你的分数不可变的建议。我还建议您扩展Number类。我可能会看一下Double类，因为你可能想要实现许多相同的方法。
您可能还应该实现Comparable和Serializable，因为可能会出现这种情况。因此，您需要实现compareTo（）。你还需要覆盖equals（），我不能强调你也会覆盖hashCode（）。这可能是为数不多的情况之一，尽管您不希望compareTo（）和equals（）保持一致，因为彼此可以减少的分数不一定相等。
答案 15 :(得分：1)
使用JScience库中的Rational类。这是我在Java中看到的分数算法的最佳选择。
答案 16 :(得分：1)
我清理了cletus' answer：
valueOf(String)中的自定义解析替换为BigInteger(String)，这更加灵活，速度更快。import com.google.common.base.Splitter;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.math.RoundingMode;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Objects;
import org.bitbucket.cowwoc.preconditions.Preconditions;
/**
* A rational fraction, represented by {@code numerator / denominator}.
* <p>
* This implementation is based on <a
* href="https://stackoverflow.com/a/474577/14731">https://stackoverflow.com/a/474577/14731</a>
* <p>
* @author Gili Tzabari
*/
public final class BigRational extends Number implements Comparable<BigRational>
{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 0L;
public static final BigRational ZERO = new BigRational(BigInteger.ZERO, BigInteger.ONE);
public static final BigRational ONE = new BigRational(BigInteger.ONE, BigInteger.ONE);
/**
* Ensures the fraction the denominator is positive and optionally divides the numerator and
* denominator by the greatest common factor.
* <p>
* @param numerator a numerator
* @param denominator a denominator
* @param checkGcd true if the numerator and denominator should be divided by the greatest
* common factor
* @return the canonical representation of the rational fraction
*/
private static BigRational canonical(BigInteger numerator, BigInteger denominator,
boolean checkGcd)
{
assert (numerator != null);
assert (denominator != null);
if (denominator.signum() == 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("denominator is zero");
if (numerator.signum() == 0)
return ZERO;
BigInteger newNumerator = numerator;
BigInteger newDenominator = denominator;
if (newDenominator.signum() < 0)
{
newNumerator = newNumerator.negate();
newDenominator = newDenominator.negate();
}
if (checkGcd)
{
BigInteger gcd = newNumerator.gcd(newDenominator);
if (!gcd.equals(BigInteger.ONE))
{
newNumerator = newNumerator.divide(gcd);
newDenominator = newDenominator.divide(gcd);
}
}
return new BigRational(newNumerator, newDenominator);
}
/**
* @param numerator a numerator
* @param denominator a denominator
* @return a BigRational having value {@code numerator / denominator}
* @throws NullPointerException if numerator or denominator are null
*/
public static BigRational valueOf(BigInteger numerator, BigInteger denominator)
{
Preconditions.requireThat(numerator, "numerator").isNotNull();
Preconditions.requireThat(denominator, "denominator").isNotNull();
return canonical(numerator, denominator, true);
}
/**
* @param numerator a numerator
* @param denominator a denominator
* @return a BigRational having value {@code numerator / denominator}
*/
public static BigRational valueOf(long numerator, long denominator)
{
BigInteger bigNumerator = BigInteger.valueOf(numerator);
BigInteger bigDenominator = BigInteger.valueOf(denominator);
return canonical(bigNumerator, bigDenominator, true);
}
/**
* @param value the parameter value
* @param name the parameter name
* @return the BigInteger representation of the parameter
* @throws NumberFormatException if value is not a valid representation of BigInteger
*/
private static BigInteger requireBigInteger(String value, String name)
throws NumberFormatException
{
try
{
return new BigInteger(value);
}
catch (NumberFormatException e)
{
throw (NumberFormatException) new NumberFormatException("Invalid " + name + ": " + value).
initCause(e);
}
}
/**
* @param numerator a numerator
* @param denominator a denominator
* @return a BigRational having value {@code numerator / denominator}
* @throws NullPointerException if numerator or denominator are null
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if numerator or denominator are empty
* @throws NumberFormatException if numerator or denominator are not a valid representation of
* BigDecimal
*/
public static BigRational valueOf(String numerator, String denominator)
throws NullPointerException, IllegalArgumentException, NumberFormatException
{
Preconditions.requireThat(numerator, "numerator").isNotNull().isNotEmpty();
Preconditions.requireThat(denominator, "denominator").isNotNull().isNotEmpty();
BigInteger bigNumerator = requireBigInteger(numerator, "numerator");
BigInteger bigDenominator = requireBigInteger(denominator, "denominator");
return canonical(bigNumerator, bigDenominator, true);
}
/**
* @param value a string representation of a rational fraction (e.g. "12.34e5" or "3/4")
* @return a BigRational representation of the String
* @throws NullPointerException if value is null
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if value is empty
* @throws NumberFormatException if numerator or denominator are not a valid representation of
* BigDecimal
*/
public static BigRational valueOf(String value)
throws NullPointerException, IllegalArgumentException, NumberFormatException
{
Preconditions.requireThat(value, "value").isNotNull().isNotEmpty();
List<String> fractionParts = Splitter.on('/').splitToList(value);
if (fractionParts.size() == 1)
return valueOfRational(value);
if (fractionParts.size() == 2)
return BigRational.valueOf(fractionParts.get(0), fractionParts.get(1));
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Too many slashes: " + value);
}
/**
* @param value a string representation of a rational fraction (e.g. "12.34e5")
* @return a BigRational representation of the String
* @throws NullPointerException if value is null
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if value is empty
* @throws NumberFormatException if numerator or denominator are not a valid representation of
* BigDecimal
*/
private static BigRational valueOfRational(String value)
throws NullPointerException, IllegalArgumentException, NumberFormatException
{
Preconditions.requireThat(value, "value").isNotNull().isNotEmpty();
BigDecimal bigDecimal = new BigDecimal(value);
int scale = bigDecimal.scale();
BigInteger numerator = bigDecimal.unscaledValue();
BigInteger denominator;
if (scale > 0)
denominator = BigInteger.TEN.pow(scale);
else
{
numerator = numerator.multiply(BigInteger.TEN.pow(-scale));
denominator = BigInteger.ONE;
}
return canonical(numerator, denominator, true);
}
private final BigInteger numerator;
private final BigInteger denominator;
/**
* @param numerator the numerator
* @param denominator the denominator
* @throws NullPointerException if numerator or denominator are null
*/
private BigRational(BigInteger numerator, BigInteger denominator)
{
Preconditions.requireThat(numerator, "numerator").isNotNull();
Preconditions.requireThat(denominator, "denominator").isNotNull();
this.numerator = numerator;
this.denominator = denominator;
}
/**
* @return the numerator
*/
public BigInteger getNumerator()
{
return numerator;
}
/**
* @return the denominator
*/
public BigInteger getDenominator()
{
return denominator;
}
@Override
@SuppressWarnings("AccessingNonPublicFieldOfAnotherObject")
public int compareTo(BigRational other)
{
Preconditions.requireThat(other, "other").isNotNull();
// canonical() ensures denominator is positive
if (numerator.signum() != other.numerator.signum())
return numerator.signum() - other.numerator.signum();
// Set the denominator to a common multiple before comparing the numerators
BigInteger first = numerator.multiply(other.denominator);
BigInteger second = other.numerator.multiply(denominator);
return first.compareTo(second);
}
/**
* @param other another rational fraction
* @return the result of adding this object to {@code other}
* @throws NullPointerException if other is null
*/
@SuppressWarnings("AccessingNonPublicFieldOfAnotherObject")
public BigRational add(BigRational other)
{
Preconditions.requireThat(other, "other").isNotNull();
if (other.numerator.signum() == 0)
return this;
if (numerator.signum() == 0)
return other;
if (denominator.equals(other.denominator))
return new BigRational(numerator.add(other.numerator), denominator);
return canonical(numerator.multiply(other.denominator).
add(other.numerator.multiply(denominator)),
denominator.multiply(other.denominator), true);
}
/**
* @param other another rational fraction
* @return the result of subtracting {@code other} from this object
* @throws NullPointerException if other is null
*/
@SuppressWarnings("AccessingNonPublicFieldOfAnotherObject")
public BigRational subtract(BigRational other)
{
return add(other.negate());
}
/**
* @param other another rational fraction
* @return the result of multiplying this object by {@code other}
* @throws NullPointerException if other is null
*/
@SuppressWarnings("AccessingNonPublicFieldOfAnotherObject")
public BigRational multiply(BigRational other)
{
Preconditions.requireThat(other, "other").isNotNull();
if (numerator.signum() == 0 || other.numerator.signum() == 0)
return ZERO;
if (numerator.equals(other.denominator))
return canonical(other.numerator, denominator, true);
if (other.numerator.equals(denominator))
return canonical(numerator, other.denominator, true);
if (numerator.negate().equals(other.denominator))
return canonical(other.numerator.negate(), denominator, true);
if (other.numerator.negate().equals(denominator))
return canonical(numerator.negate(), other.denominator, true);
return canonical(numerator.multiply(other.numerator), denominator.multiply(other.denominator),
true);
}
/**
* @param other another rational fraction
* @return the result of dividing this object by {@code other}
* @throws NullPointerException if other is null
*/
public BigRational divide(BigRational other)
{
return multiply(other.invert());
}
/**
* @return true if the object is a whole number
*/
public boolean isInteger()
{
return numerator.signum() == 0 || denominator.equals(BigInteger.ONE);
}
/**
* Returns a BigRational whose value is (-this).
* <p>
* @return -this
*/
public BigRational negate()
{
return new BigRational(numerator.negate(), denominator);
}
/**
* @return a rational fraction with the numerator and denominator swapped
*/
public BigRational invert()
{
return canonical(denominator, numerator, false);
}
/**
* @return the absolute value of this {@code BigRational}
*/
public BigRational abs()
{
if (numerator.signum() < 0)
return negate();
return this;
}
/**
* @param exponent exponent to which both numerator and denominator is to be raised.
* @return a BigRational whose value is (this<sup>exponent</sup>).
*/
public BigRational pow(int exponent)
{
return canonical(numerator.pow(exponent), denominator.pow(exponent), true);
}
/**
* @param other another rational fraction
* @return the minimum of this object and the other fraction
*/
public BigRational min(BigRational other)
{
if (compareTo(other) <= 0)
return this;
return other;
}
/**
* @param other another rational fraction
* @return the maximum of this object and the other fraction
*/
public BigRational max(BigRational other)
{
if (compareTo(other) >= 0)
return this;
return other;
}
/**
* @param scale scale of the BigDecimal quotient to be returned
* @param roundingMode the rounding mode to apply
* @return a BigDecimal representation of this object
* @throws NullPointerException if roundingMode is null
*/
public BigDecimal toBigDecimal(int scale, RoundingMode roundingMode)
{
Preconditions.requireThat(roundingMode, "roundingMode").isNotNull();
if (isInteger())
return new BigDecimal(numerator);
return new BigDecimal(numerator).divide(new BigDecimal(denominator), scale, roundingMode);
}
@Override
public int intValue()
{
return (int) longValue();
}
@Override
public long longValue()
{
if (isInteger())
return numerator.longValue();
return numerator.divide(denominator).longValue();
}
@Override
public float floatValue()
{
return (float) doubleValue();
}
@Override
public double doubleValue()
{
if (isInteger())
return numerator.doubleValue();
return numerator.doubleValue() / denominator.doubleValue();
}
@Override
@SuppressWarnings("AccessingNonPublicFieldOfAnotherObject")
public boolean equals(Object o)
{
if (this == o)
return true;
if (!(o instanceof BigRational))
return false;
BigRational other = (BigRational) o;
return numerator.equals(other.denominator) && Objects.equals(denominator, other.denominator);
}
@Override
public int hashCode()
{
return Objects.hash(numerator, denominator);
}
/**
* Returns the String representation: {@code numerator / denominator}.
*/
@Override
public String toString()
{
if (isInteger())
return String.format("%,d", numerator);
return String.format("%,d / %,d", numerator, denominator);
}
}
答案 17 :(得分：1)
我喜欢的清理练习只有一次回归。
public int compareTo(Fraction frac) {
int result = 0
double t = this.doubleValue();
double f = frac.doubleValue();
if(t>f)
result = 1;
else if(f>t)
result -1;
return result;
}
答案 18 :(得分：1)
Timothy Budd在他的“C ++中的数据结构”中有一个很好的Rational类实现。当然，不同的语言，但它非常好地移植到Java。
我建议更多构造函数。默认构造函数将具有分子0，分母1.单个arg构造函数将假设分母为1.请考虑您的用户可能如何使用此类。
不检查零分母？按合同编程可以让你添加它。
答案 19 :(得分：1)
创建分数对象后，为什么要允许其他对象设置分子或分母？我认为这些应该是只读的。它使对象不可变......
另外......将分母设置为零应该抛出一个无效的参数异常（我不知道它在Java中是什么）
答案 20 :(得分：0)
初步评论：
永远不要写这个：
if ( condition ) statement;
这好多了
if ( condition ) { statement };
创造一个良好的习惯。
通过按照建议使类不可变，您还可以利用double来执行equals和hashCode以及compareTo操作
这是我的快速脏版本：
public final class Fraction implements Comparable {
private final int numerator;
private final int denominator;
private final Double internal;
public static Fraction createFraction( int numerator, int denominator ) {
return new Fraction( numerator, denominator );
}
private Fraction(int numerator, int denominator) {
this.numerator = numerator;
this.denominator = denominator;
this.internal = ((double) numerator)/((double) denominator);
}
public int getNumerator() {
return this.numerator;
}
public int getDenominator() {
return this.denominator;
}
private double doubleValue() {
return internal;
}
public int compareTo( Object o ) {
if ( o instanceof Fraction ) {
return internal.compareTo( ((Fraction)o).internal );
}
return 1;
}
public boolean equals( Object o ) {
if ( o instanceof Fraction ) {
return this.internal.equals( ((Fraction)o).internal );
}
return false;
}
public int hashCode() {
return internal.hashCode();
}
public String toString() {
return String.format("%d/%d", numerator, denominator );
}
public static void main( String [] args ) {
System.out.println( Fraction.createFraction( 1 , 2 ) ) ;
System.out.println( Fraction.createFraction( 1 , 2 ).hashCode() ) ;
System.out.println( Fraction.createFraction( 1 , 2 ).compareTo( Fraction.createFraction(2,4) ) ) ;
System.out.println( Fraction.createFraction( 1 , 2 ).equals( Fraction.createFraction(4,8) ) ) ;
System.out.println( Fraction.createFraction( 3 , 9 ).equals( Fraction.createFraction(1,3) ) ) ;
}
}
关于静态工厂方法，如果您将Fraction子类化为处理更复杂的事物，或者您决定将池用于最常用的对象，则以后可能会有用。
可能不是这样，我只想指出来。 :)
请参阅Effective Java第一项。
答案 21 :(得分：0)
可能有用的是添加简单的东西，比如往复，得到余数和整体。
答案 22 :(得分：0)
即使你有方法compareTo（），如果你想使用像Collections.sort（）这样的实用程序，那么你也应该实现Comparable。
public class Fraction extends Number implements Comparable<Fraction> {
...
}
另外，对于漂亮的显示，我建议覆盖toString（）
public String toString() {
return this.getNumerator() + "/" + this.getDenominator();
}
最后，我将这个类公开，以便您可以从不同的包中使用它。
答案 23 :(得分：0)
这个函数简化了使用欧几里得算法在定义分数
时非常有用 public Fraction simplify(){
int safe;
int h= Math.max(numerator, denominator);
int h2 = Math.min(denominator, numerator);
if (h == 0){
return new Fraction(1,1);
}
while (h>h2 && h2>0){
h = h - h2;
if (h>h2){
safe = h;
h = h2;
h2 = safe;
}
}
return new Fraction(numerator/h,denominator/h);
}
答案 24 :(得分：0)
对于行业级的Fraction / Rational实现，我会实现它，因此它可以表示NaN，正无穷大，负无穷大，以及可选的负零，其操作语义与浮点算术的IEEE 754标准状态完全相同（它还可以简化到浮点值的转换。另外，由于与零，一和上面的特殊值的比较只需要简单，但分子和分母与0和1的组合比较 - 我会添加几个isXXX和compareToXXX方法以便于使用（例如.eq0（）会在幕后使用numerator == 0＆amp;＆amp; denominator！= 0，而不是让客户端与零值实例进行比较）。一些静态预定义的值（ZERO，ONE，TWO，TEN，ONE_TENTH，NAN等）也很有用，因为它们在几个地方出现为常量值。这是恕我直言的最佳方式。
答案 25 :(得分：0)
课堂分数：
public class Fraction {
private int num; // numerator
private int denom; // denominator
// default constructor
public Fraction() {}
// constructor
public Fraction( int a, int b ) {
num = a;
if ( b == 0 )
throw new ZeroDenomException();
else
denom = b;
}
// return string representation of ComplexNumber
@Override
public String toString() {
return "( " + num + " / " + denom + " )";
}
// the addition operation
public Fraction add(Fraction x){
return new Fraction(
x.num * denom + x.denom * num, x.denom * denom );
}
// the multiplication operation
public Fraction multiply(Fraction x) {
return new Fraction(x.num * num, x.denom * denom);
}
}
主程序：
static void main(String[] args){
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("Enter numerator and denominator of first fraction");
int num1 =input.nextInt();
int denom1 =input.nextInt();
Fraction x = new Fraction(num1, denom1);
System.out.println("Enter numerator and denominator of second fraction");
int num2 =input.nextInt();
int denom2 =input.nextInt();
Fraction y = new Fraction(num2, denom2);
Fraction result = new Fraction();
System.out.println("Enter required operation: A (Add), M (Multiply)");
char op = input.next().charAt(0);
if(op == 'A') {
result = x.add(y);
System.out.println(x + " + " + y + " = " + result);
}