我目前无法从组合问题中得到答案。我的基础工作得很好。我认为问题在于评估组合(n-1,k)然后评估组合(n-1,k-1)。
这是我的代码:n和k是来自用户的输入。
sub esp, 2
push word[n]
push word[k]
call combi
pop word[ans] ;store yung combi value sa ans
;convert to ascii string value
add word[ans], 30h
;print answer
mov eax, 4
mov ebx, 1
mov ecx, ans
mov edx, 2
int 80h
jmp exit
combi:
mov ebp, esp
mov ax, word[ebp+4] ;ax = k
cmp [ebp+6], ax ;if (n==k)
je basecase
cmp word[ebp+4],0 ;cmp k = 0
je basecase
;combi(n-1,k)
mov ax, [ebp+6] ; ax = n
mov bx, [ebp+4] ; bx = k
dec ax ;n-1
;execute again
sub esp, 2
push ax
push bx
call combi
pop cx ;stores to cx popped value combi(n-1,k)
mov ebp, esp ;update pointers
;combi(n-1,k-1)
push ax
dec bx
push bx
call combi
pop dx ;stores to dx popped value combi(n-1,k-1)
mov ebp, esp ;update pointers
add cx, dx ;combi(n-1,k) + combi(n-1,k-1)
mov word[ebp+8], cx
jmp combi_exit
basecase:
mov word[ebp+8], 1
combi_exit:
ret 4
希望您的回应和精彩的想法!谢谢!
答案 0 :(得分:0)
要修复递归,combi:
的中间部分有问题:
...
call combi
pop cx ;stores to cx popped value combi(n-1,k)
;* ^ this freed the allocated space for result
mov ebp, esp ;update pointers
;* not needed, as you will not use EBP right now, and next call destroys it
;combi(n-1,k-1)
push ax
;* ^ pushing first argument, but no stack space reserved for result
dec bx
push bx
call combi
...
要 fix ,您可以将该部分调整为:
...
call combi
mov cx,[esp] ;stores to cx value combi(n-1,k)
;* ^ keeps the stack space reserved (not popping)
;combi(n-1,k-1)
push ax
...
当然,输出的另一个问题是只对单个数字的数字是正确的,但只是搜索堆栈溢出和那些tag [x86] info,而不是在这里重复。
顺便说一下,这个IMO源于不幸的过度复杂的使用堆栈,你有什么特别的理由来遵循这样复杂的调用约定吗?如何在寄存器中自定义快速调用给出参数和结果?它的性能也更高,但对我个人来说,更容易跟踪事物并正确处理堆栈。我可以稍后在这个答案中添加我自己的变体,如果我会尝试...编辑:注册调用约定的完整工作示例:
档案: so_32b_pascal_triangle.asm
section .text
global _start
_start:
mov ecx,5 ; n
mov edx,2 ; k
call combi
; return to linux with sys_exit(result)
mov ebx,eax
mov eax,1
int 80h
; ECX = n, EDX = k, returns result in EAX, no other register modified
; (_msfastcall-like convention, but extended to preserve ECX+EDX)
combi: ; c(n, k) = c(n-1, k-1) + c(n-1, k), c(i, 0) = c(i, i) = 1
test edx,edx ; k == 0
je .basecases ; c(i, 0) = 1
cmp edx,ecx ; k == n
je .basecases ; c(i, i) = 1
; 0 < k < n case:
dec ecx ; n-1
call combi ; EAX = c(n-1, k)
push esi
mov esi,eax ; keep c(n-1, k) in ESI
dec edx ; k-1
call combi ; EAX = c(n-1, k-1)
add eax,esi ; EAX = c(n-1, k-1) + c(n-1, k)
; restore all modified registers
pop esi
inc ecx
inc edx
ret ; return result in EAX
.basecases:
mov eax,1
ret
编译+运行+结果显示:
...$ nasm -f elf32 -F dwarf -g so_32b_pascal_triangle.asm -l so_32b_pascal_triangle.lst -w+all
...$ ld -m elf_i386 -o so_32b_pascal_triangle so_32b_pascal_triangle.o
...$ ./so_32b_pascal_triangle ; echo $?
10
...$
编辑:
为了我自己的好奇心,尝试用C-ish C ++代码调用它(以验证fastcall
约定是否按预期工作,即使需要与C / C ++的互操作性时):
so_32b_pascal_triangle.asm
文件具有相同的combi:
代码,但开头已修改(已添加全局,已移除_start
):
section .text
global combi
; ECX = n, EDX = k, returns result in EAX, no other register modified
; (fastcall-like convention, but extended to preserve ECX+EDX)
combi: ; c(n, k) = c(n-1, k-1) + c(n-1, k), c(i, 0) = c(i, i) = 1
...
档案so_32b_pascal_triangle_Cpp.cpp
:
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdint>
extern "C" __attribute__ ((fastcall)) uint32_t combi(uint32_t n, uint32_t k);
int main()
{
for (uint32_t n = 0; n < 10; ++n) {
printf("%*c", 1+2*(10-n), ' ');
for (uint32_t k = 0; k <= n; ++k) {
printf("%4d", combi(n, k));
// 4-char width formatting - works for 3 digit results max.
}
printf("\n");
}
}
构建+测试:
$ nasm -f elf32 -F dwarf -g so_32b_pascal_triangle.asm -l so_32b_pascal_triangle.lst -w+all
$ g++ -std=c++17 -c -m32 -O3 -Wall -Wpedantic -Wextra so_32b_pascal_triangle_Cpp.cpp
$ g++ -m32 so_32b_pascal_triangle*.o -o so_32b_pascal_triangle
$ ./so_32b_pascal_triangle
1
1 1
1 2 1
1 3 3 1
1 4 6 4 1
1 5 10 10 5 1
1 6 15 20 15 6 1
1 7 21 35 35 21 7 1
1 8 28 56 70 56 28 8 1
1 9 36 84 126 126 84 36 9 1