这是我的代码:
#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;
class String
{
private:
char *s;
int size;
public:
String(const char *str = NULL); // constructor
String& operator=(String &c){
size = strlen(c.s);
s = new char[size+1];
strcpy(s, c.s);
}
~String() { delete [] s; }// destructor
void print() { cout << s << endl; }
void change(const char *); // Function to change
};
String::String(const char *str)
{
size = strlen(str);
s = new char[size+1];
strcpy(s, str);
}
void String::change(const char *str)
{
delete [] s;
size = strlen(str);
s = new char[size+1];
strcpy(s, str);
}
int main()
{
String str1("learnc++");
String str2 = str1;
str1.print(); // what is printed ?
str2.print();
str2.change("learnjava");
str1.print(); // what is printed now ?
str2.print();
return 0;
}
可以编译,结果是:
learnc++
learnc++
learnjava
learnjava
除此之外,还有:
*** Error in `./code': double free or corruption (fasttop): 0x0000000000f7f010 ***
BTY,如果我删除“delete [] s;”在String :: change中,结果变为:
learnc++
learnc++
learnc++
learnjava
没有错误,为什么? 代码来自geek foe feeks,我更改了一些字符串,代码可以在其IDE中运行,但在我的ubuntu 14.04中,它不能。
答案 0 :(得分:3)
您的班级没有关注Rule of Three,因为它缺少正确的复制构造函数。
String str2 = str1;
只是String str2(str1);
的语法糖,所以它使用了复制构造函数,而不是你的operator=
(它有内存泄漏,BTW)。
由于您没有提供复制构造函数,编译器会为您提供一个,但它不会复制char*
数据。它只是复制指针本身,这会导致你看到的行为。
正确的实现看起来更像是这样:
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
class String
{
private:
char *s;
int size;
public:
String(const char *str = NULL);
String(const String &src);
~String();
String& operator=(const String &rhs);
void print() const;
};
String::String(const char *str)
{
size = strlen(str);
s = new char[size+1];
strcpy(s, str);
}
String::String(const String &src)
{
size = src.size;
s = new char[size+1];
strcpy(s, src.s);
}
String::~String()
{
delete [] s;
}
void String::print() const
{
cout << s << endl;
}
String& String::operator=(const String &rhs)
{
if (&rhs != this)
{
String tmp(rhs);
swap(s, tmp.s);
swap(size, tmp.size);
}
return *this;
}
int main()
{
String str1("learnc++");
String str2 = str1;
str1.print();
str2.print();
//str2.change("learnjava");
str2 = "learnjava";
str1.print();
str2.print();
return 0;
}
如果您使用的是C ++ 11或更高版本,则可以使用此实现,它遵循五条规则添加移动语义:
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <utility>
using namespace std;
class String
{
private:
char *s;
int size;
public:
String(const char *str = nullptr);
String(const String &src);
String(String &&src);
~String();
String& operator=(String rhs);
void print() const;
};
String::String(const char *str)
{
size = strlen(str);
s = new char[size+1];
strcpy(s, str);
}
String::String(const String &src)
{
size = src.size;
s = new char[size+1];
strcpy(s, src.s);
}
String::String(String &&src)
{
size = src.size;
s = src.s;
src.s = nullptr;
src.size = 0;
}
String::~String()
{
delete [] s;
}
void String::print() const
{
cout << s << endl;
}
String& String::operator=(String rhs)
{
swap(s, rhs.s);
swap(size, rhs.size);
return *this;
}
答案 1 :(得分:1)
添加复制构造函数。
String(const String& c){
size = strlen(c.s);
s = new char[size+1];
strcpy(s, c.s);
}