Question

我有一个单位的每小时数据，其状态和值。单位的状态和价值在一定间隔后（不一定每小时）发生变化。我想从现有数据生成每小时级别的数据。比如说：我输入如下：

和所需的输出是：

请查看以下脚本以获取所需的输入和输出：

输入

SELECT '3' as ID,'CName1' AS Name,'0' AS Status,'2017-10-25' AS CDate,'22' AS CHour,0.5 AS Value
UNION ALL
SELECT '3' as ID,'CName1' AS Name,'1' AS Status,'2017-10-26' AS CDate,'2' AS CHour,0.5 AS Value
UNION ALL
SELECT '3' as ID,'CName1' AS Name,'0' AS Status,'2017-10-26' AS CDate,'5' AS CHour,0.5 AS Value
UNION ALL
SELECT '3' as ID,'CName1' AS Name,'1' AS Status,'2017-10-26' AS CDate,'8' AS CHour,0.5 AS Value
UNION ALL
SELECT '3' as ID,'CName1' AS Name,'0' AS Status,'2017-10-26' AS CDate,'11' AS CHour,0.5 AS Value
UNION ALL
SELECT '3' as ID,'CName1' AS Name,'1' AS Status,'2017-10-26' AS CDate,'13' AS CHour,0.5 AS Value
UNION ALL
SELECT '3' as ID,'CName1' AS Name,'1' AS Status,'2017-10-26' AS CDate,'16' AS CHour,1.0 AS Value
UNION ALL
SELECT '3' as ID,'CName1' AS Name,'2' AS Status,'2017-10-26' AS CDate,'20' AS CHour,1.0 AS Value

输出：

SELECT '3' as ID,'CName1' AS Name,'0' AS Status,'2017-10-25' AS CDate,'22' AS CHour,0.5 AS Value
UNION ALL
SELECT '3' as ID,'CName1' AS Name,'0' AS Status,'2017-10-25' AS CDate,'23' AS CHour,0.5 AS Value
UNION ALL
SELECT '3' as ID,'CName1' AS Name,'0' AS Status,'2017-10-26' AS CDate,'0' AS CHour,0.5 AS Value
UNION ALL
SELECT '3' as ID,'CName1' AS Name,'0' AS Status,'2017-10-26' AS CDate,'1' AS CHour,0.5 AS Value
UNION ALL
SELECT '3' as ID,'CName1' AS Name,'1' AS Status,'2017-10-26' AS CDate,'2' AS CHour,0.5 AS Value
UNION ALL
SELECT '3' as ID,'CName1' AS Name,'1' AS Status,'2017-10-26' AS CDate,'3' AS CHour,0.5 AS Value
UNION ALL
SELECT '3' as ID,'CName1' AS Name,'1' AS Status,'2017-10-26' AS CDate,'4' AS CHour,0.5 AS Value
UNION ALL
SELECT '3' as ID,'CName1' AS Name,'0' AS Status,'2017-10-26' AS CDate,'5' AS CHour,0.5 AS Value
UNION ALL
SELECT '3' as ID,'CName1' AS Name,'0' AS Status,'2017-10-26' AS CDate,'6' AS CHour,0.5 AS Value
UNION ALL
SELECT '3' as ID,'CName1' AS Name,'0' AS Status,'2017-10-26' AS CDate,'7' AS CHour,0.5 AS Value
UNION ALL
SELECT '3' as ID,'CName1' AS Name,'1' AS Status,'2017-10-26' AS CDate,'8' AS CHour,0.5 AS Value
UNION ALL
SELECT '3' as ID,'CName1' AS Name,'1' AS Status,'2017-10-26' AS CDate,'9' AS CHour,0.5 AS Value
UNION ALL
SELECT '3' as ID,'CName1' AS Name,'1' AS Status,'2017-10-26' AS CDate,'10' AS CHour,0.5 AS Value
UNION ALL
SELECT '3' as ID,'CName1' AS Name,'0' AS Status,'2017-10-26' AS CDate,'11' AS CHour,0.5 AS Value
UNION ALL
SELECT '3' as ID,'CName1' AS Name,'0' AS Status,'2017-10-26' AS CDate,'12' AS CHour,0.5 AS Value
UNION ALL
SELECT '3' as ID,'CName1' AS Name,'1' AS Status,'2017-10-26' AS CDate,'13' AS CHour,0.5 AS Value
UNION ALL
SELECT '3' as ID,'CName1' AS Name,'1' AS Status,'2017-10-26' AS CDate,'14' AS CHour,0.5 AS Value
UNION ALL
SELECT '3' as ID,'CName1' AS Name,'1' AS Status,'2017-10-26' AS CDate,'15' AS CHour,0.5 AS Value
UNION ALL
SELECT '3' as ID,'CName1' AS Name,'1' AS Status,'2017-10-26' AS CDate,'16' AS CHour,1.0 AS Value
UNION ALL
SELECT '3' as ID,'CName1' AS Name,'1' AS Status,'2017-10-26' AS CDate,'17' AS CHour,1.0 AS Value
UNION ALL
SELECT '3' as ID,'CName1' AS Name,'1' AS Status,'2017-10-26' AS CDate,'18' AS CHour,1.0 AS Value
UNION ALL
SELECT '3' as ID,'CName1' AS Name,'1' AS Status,'2017-10-26' AS CDate,'19' AS CHour,1.0 AS Value
UNION ALL
SELECT '3' as ID,'CName1' AS Name,'2' AS Status,'2017-10-26' AS CDate,'20' AS CHour,1.0 AS Value
UNION ALL
SELECT '3' as ID,'CName1' AS Name,'2' AS Status,'2017-10-26' AS CDate,'21' AS CHour,1.0 AS Value
UNION ALL
SELECT '3' as ID,'CName1' AS Name,'2' AS Status,'2017-10-26' AS CDate,'22' AS CHour,1.0 AS Value
UNION ALL
SELECT '3' as ID,'CName1' AS Name,'2' AS Status,'2017-10-26' AS CDate,'23' AS CHour,1.0 AS Value

Answer 1

这适用于SQL Server。

在这里，我使用提供rownumber的CTE来区分以前的日期和时间。 CTE选择不同的日期交叉连接到您的小时格式：0到23。

在select语句中是识别前一行的算法。我内部使用此前的rownumber加入CTE。通过内部联接，这将删除第一个数据输入之前的早期日期。

这是次要的。如果该行缺少数据，则通过ID，Name和Status等cte字段中的LEFT JOIN为NULL。 Coalesce选择原始（非空）数据，否则选择rownumber的最新数据。

DECLARE @temp TABLE (ID tinyint, Name varchar(100), Status tinyint, CDate date, CHour tinyint, Value decimal(12,1))
INSERT INTO @temp(ID, Name, Status, CDate, CHour, Value)
VALUES (3, 'CName1', 0, '2017-10-25', 22, 0.5)
      ,(3, 'CName1', 1, '2017-10-26',  2, 0.5)
      ,(3, 'CName1', 0, '2017-10-26',  5, 0.5)
      ,(3, 'CName1', 1, '2017-10-26',  8, 0.5)
      ,(3, 'CName1', 0, '2017-10-26', 11 ,0.5)
      ,(3, 'CName1', 1, '2017-10-26', 13 ,0.5)
      ,(3, 'CName1', 1, '2017-10-26', 16 ,1.0)
      ,(3, 'CName1', 2, '2017-10-26', 20 ,1.0)
;
WITH cte AS
(
SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY dT.CDate2, dT.CHour2) [theOrder]
      ,*      
  FROM (
        SELECT DISTINCT T.CDate [Cdate2], dT.CHour2
          FROM @temp T 
               CROSS JOIN (SELECT 0 [CHour2] UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 2 UNION ALL SELECT 3 UNION ALL SELECT 4 
                           UNION ALL SELECT 5 UNION ALL SELECT 6 UNION ALL SELECT 7 UNION ALL SELECT 8 UNION ALL SELECT 9 
                           UNION ALL SELECT 10 UNION ALL SELECT 11 UNION ALL SELECT 12 UNION ALL SELECT 13 UNION ALL SELECT 14 
                           UNION ALL SELECT 15 UNION ALL SELECT 16 UNION ALL SELECT 17 UNION ALL SELECT 18 UNION ALL SELECT 19 
                           UNION ALL SELECT 20 UNION ALL SELECT 21 UNION ALL SELECT 22 UNION ALL SELECT 23 
                          ) AS dT --joins for any missing hours
       ) AS dT LEFT JOIN @temp T ON dT.Cdate2 = T.CDate AND T.CHour = dT.CHour2
)               

SELECT COALESCE(dT.ID, cte2.ID) [ID]
      ,COALESCE(dT.[Name], cte2.[Name]) [Name]
      ,COALESCE(dT.[Status], cte2.[Status]) [Status]
      ,dT.Cdate2 [Cdate]
      ,dT.CHour2 [CHour]      
      ,COALESCE(dT.[Value], cte2.[Value]) [Value]

  FROM (
        SELECT C1.*
              ,(SELECT MAX(theOrder)
                  FROM cte C2
                 WHERE C2.theOrder <= C1.theOrder AND C2.ID IS NOT NULL
               ) [maxorder]
          FROM cte C1
       ) AS dT INNER JOIN cte cte2 ON dT.maxorder = cte2.theOrder

此输出与您请求的输出相匹配。

Answer 2

如果你有SQL Server＆gt; 2012年，您可以使用LEAD查找下一个日期的值以及TALLY表来生成中间行：

设置-向上

SELECT 3 as ID,'CName1' AS Name,0 AS Status,CAST('2017-10-25' AS DATE) AS CDate,22 AS CHour,0.5 AS Value INTO #ChannelData UNION ALL SELECT 3 as ID,'CName1' AS Name,1 AS Status,CAST('2017-10-26' AS DATE) AS CDate,2 AS CHour,0.5 AS Value UNION ALL SELECT 3 as ID,'CName1' AS Name,0 AS Status,CAST('2017-10-26' AS DATE) AS CDate,5 AS CHour,0.5 AS Value UNION ALL SELECT 3 as ID,'CName1' AS Name,1 AS Status,CAST('2017-10-26' AS DATE) AS CDate,8 AS CHour,0.5 AS Value UNION ALL SELECT 3 as ID,'CName1' AS Name,0 AS Status,CAST('2017-10-26' AS DATE) AS CDate,11 AS CHour,0.5 AS Value UNION ALL SELECT 3 as ID,'CName1' AS Name,1 AS Status,CAST('2017-10-26' AS DATE) AS CDate,13 AS CHour,0.5 AS Value UNION ALL SELECT 3 as ID,'CName1' AS Name,1 AS Status,CAST('2017-10-26' AS DATE) AS CDate,16 AS CHour,1.0 AS Value UNION ALL SELECT 3 as ID,'CName1' AS Name,2 AS Status,CAST('2017-10-26' AS DATE) AS CDate,20 AS CHour,1.0 AS Value

查询：

;WITH Tally -- Generate Tally Table As ( SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY num.n) - 1 AS number FROM (VALUES (1), (2),(3),(4),(5),(6),(7),(8),(9),(10)) num(n) CROSS APPLY (VALUES (1), (2),(3),(4),(5),(6),(7),(8),(9),(10)) num2(n) CROSS APPLY (VALUES (1), (2),(3),(4),(5),(6),(7),(8),(9),(10)) num3(n) ), MyRows As ( SELECT Id, Name, Status, CDate, CHour, Value -- Turn Date to DateTime , DATEADD(HH,CHour, CAST(CDate AS DateTime)) AS FullDate -- Get next date time , DATEADD(HH,LEAD(CHour) OVER (PARTITION BY Name ORDER BY CDate, CHour) , CAST(LEAD(CDATE) OVER (PARTITION BY Name ORDER BY CDate, CHour)AS DateTime)) AS NextFullDate FROM #ChannelData ) SELECT Id, Name, [Status], CAST(DATEADD(HH, number, FulLDate) AS Date) AS CDate, DATEPART(HH,DATEADD(HH, number, FulLDate)) AS CHour, Value FROM MyRows CROSS APPLY Tally WHERE DATEADD(HH, number, FullDate) < COALESCE(NextFullDate, DATEADD(hh, 1, FullDate)) ORDER BY CAST(DATEADD(HH, number, FulLDate) AS Date), DATEPART(HH,DATEADD(HH, number, FulLDate))

从现有数据生成缺失数据

2 个答案: