我正在建立一个程序，在1-2个月的时间内收集来自特定国家（基于坐标）的指定数量的推文（没有特定的主题标签，只是随机发布）。
例如，我收集了来自美国的200条推文/状态更新，这些更新是在9月到10月之间的任何地方发布的。
我这样做的原因是因为我想收集这些推文并对其进行情绪分析，以查看指定国家/地区的平均推文是否为负数/正数。
我遇到的问题是我不知道如何过滤＆＃34;对于随机推文/状态更新，因为这些推文没有主题标签。此外，我不确定Twitter是否允许我收集2个月大的推文。有什么建议吗？
码
import tweepy
from tweepy import OAuthHandler
import json
import datetime as dt
import time
import os
import sys
'''
I created a twitter account for anyone to use if they want to test the code!
I used Python 3 and tweepy version 3.5.0.
'''
def load_api():
''' Function that loads the twitter API after authorizing the user. '''
consumer_key = 'nn'
consumer_secret = 'nn'
access_token = 'nn'
access_secret = 'nnn'
auth = OAuthHandler(consumer_key, consumer_secret)
auth.set_access_token(access_token, access_secret)
api = tweepy.API(auth, wait_on_rate_limit=True)
# load the twitter API via tweepy
return tweepy.API(auth)
def tweet_search(api, query, max_tweets, max_id, since_id, geocode):
''' Function that takes in a search string 'query', the maximum
number of tweets 'max_tweets', and the minimum (i.e., starting)
tweet id. It returns a list of tweepy.models.Status objects. '''
searched_tweets = []
while len(searched_tweets) < max_tweets:
remaining_tweets = max_tweets - len(searched_tweets)
try:
new_tweets = api.search(q=query, count=remaining_tweets,
since_id=str(since_id),
max_id=str(max_id-1))
# geocode=geocode)
print('found',len(new_tweets),'tweets')
if not new_tweets:
print('no tweets found')
break
searched_tweets.extend(new_tweets)
max_id = new_tweets[-1].id
except tweepy.TweepError:
print('exception raised, waiting 15 minutes')
print('(until:', dt.datetime.now()+dt.timedelta(minutes=15), ')')
time.sleep(15*60)
break # stop the loop
return searched_tweets, max_id
def get_tweet_id(api, date='', days_ago=9, query='a'):
''' Function that gets the ID of a tweet. This ID can then be
used as a 'starting point' from which to search. The query is
required and has been set to a commonly used word by default.
The variable 'days_ago' has been initialized to the maximum
amount we are able to search back in time (9).'''
if date:
# return an ID from the start of the given day
td = date + dt.timedelta(days=1)
tweet_date = '{0}-{1:0>2}-{2:0>2}'.format(td.year, td.month, td.day)
tweet = api.search(q=query, count=1, until=tweet_date)
else:
# return an ID from __ days ago
td = dt.datetime.now() - dt.timedelta(days=days_ago)
tweet_date = '{0}-{1:0>2}-{2:0>2}'.format(td.year, td.month, td.day)
# get list of up to 10 tweets
tweet = api.search(q=query, count=10, until=tweet_date)
print('search limit (start/stop):',tweet[0].created_at)
# return the id of the first tweet in the list
return tweet[0].id
def write_tweets(tweets, filename):
''' Function that appends tweets to a file. '''
with open(filename, 'a') as f:
for tweet in tweets:
json.dump(tweet._json, f)
f.write('\n')
def main():
''' This is a script that continuously searches for tweets
that were created over a given number of days. The search
dates and search phrase can be changed below. '''
''' search variables: '''
search_phrases = ['#PythonPleaseWork']
time_limit = 1.0 # runtime limit in hours
max_tweets = 20 # number of tweets per search but it doesn't seem to be working
min_days_old, max_days_old = 1, 1 # search limits e.g., from 7 to 8
# gives current weekday from last week,
# min_days_old=0 will search from right now
USA = '39.8,-95.583068847656,2500km' # this geocode includes nearly all American
# states (and a large portion of Canada)
# but it still fetches from outside the USA
# loop over search items,
# creating a new file for each
for search_phrase in search_phrases:
print('Search phrase =', search_phrase)
''' other variables '''
name = search_phrase.split()[0]
json_file_root = name + '/' + name
os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(json_file_root), exist_ok=True)
read_IDs = False
# open a file in which to store the tweets
if max_days_old - min_days_old == 1:
d = dt.datetime.now() - dt.timedelta(days=min_days_old)
day = '{0}-{1:0>2}-{2:0>2}'.format(d.year, d.month, d.day)
else:
d1 = dt.datetime.now() - dt.timedelta(days=max_days_old-1)
d2 = dt.datetime.now() - dt.timedelta(days=min_days_old)
day = '{0}-{1:0>2}-{2:0>2}_to_{3}-{4:0>2}-{5:0>2}'.format(
d1.year, d1.month, d1.day, d2.year, d2.month, d2.day)
json_file = json_file_root + '_' + day + '.json'
if os.path.isfile(json_file):
print('Appending tweets to file named: ',json_file)
read_IDs = True
# authorize and load the twitter API
api = load_api()
# set the 'starting point' ID for tweet collection
if read_IDs:
# open the json file and get the latest tweet ID
with open(json_file, 'r') as f:
lines = f.readlines()
max_id = json.loads(lines[-1])['id']
print('Searching from the bottom ID in file')
else:
# get the ID of a tweet that is min_days_old
if min_days_old == 0:
max_id = -1
else:
max_id = get_tweet_id(api, days_ago=(min_days_old-1))
# set the smallest ID to search for
since_id = get_tweet_id(api, days_ago=(max_days_old-1))
print('max id (starting point) =', max_id)
print('since id (ending point) =', since_id)
''' tweet gathering loop '''
start = dt.datetime.now()
end = start + dt.timedelta(hours=time_limit)
count, exitcount = 0, 0
while dt.datetime.now() < end:
count += 1
print('count =',count)
# collect tweets and update max_id
tweets, max_id = tweet_search(api, search_phrase, max_tweets,
max_id=max_id, since_id=since_id,
geocode=USA)
# write tweets to file in JSON format
if tweets:
write_tweets(tweets, json_file)
exitcount = 0
else:
exitcount += 1
if exitcount == 3:
if search_phrase == search_phrases[-1]:
sys.exit('Maximum number of empty tweet strings reached - exiting')
else:
print('Maximum number of empty tweet strings reached - breaking')
break
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
答案 0 :(得分：0)
使用Search API无法获得2个月的历史数据。
“Twitter Search API搜索过去7天内发布的最近推文的样本。 在介入之前，重要的是要知道Search API关注的是相关性而非完整性。这意味着某些推文和用户可能会在搜索结果中丢失。“
https://developer.twitter.com/en/docs/tweets/search/overview/basic-search
您可以将Streaming api与国家/地区过滤器一起使用，而不是使用主题标签，您可以使用一些停用词。例如，对于美国，您可以使用“the，and”，用于法国“le，la，et”等。
此外，分享您的访问令牌并不是一个好主意。