如何解决写屏障中的错误指针"当C库使用不透明的struct指针时,在cgo中出现恐慌

时间:2017-11-11 11:24:56

标签: c pointers go garbage-collection cgo

我目前正在围绕C库编写Go包装器。该C库使用不透明的struct指针来隐藏整个接口的信息。但是,底层实现存储size_t值。这会导致生成的程序中出现运行时错误。 重现问题的最小工作示例如下所示:

main.go

package main

/*
#include "stddef.h"
// Create an opaque type to hide the details of the underlying data structure.
typedef struct HandlePrivate *Handle;

// In reality, the implementation uses a type derived from size_t for the Handle.
Handle getInvalidPointer() {
    size_t actualHandle = 1;
    return (Handle) actualHandle;
}
 */
import "C"

// Create a temporary slice containing invalid pointers.
// The idea is that the local variable slice can be garbage collected at the end of the function call.
// When the slice is scanned for linked objects, the GC comes across the invalid pointers.
func getTempSlice() {
    slice := make([]C.Handle, 1000000)
    for i, _ := range slice {
        slice[i] = C.getInvalidPointer()
    }
}

func main() {
    getTempSlice()
}

运行此程序将导致以下错误

runtime: writebarrierptr *0xc42006c000 = 0x1
fatal error: bad pointer in write barrier
[...stack trace omitted...]

请注意,通过设置环境变量GOGC=off来禁用GC时,错误消失。

我的问题是解决或解决此问题的最佳方法。为了隐藏信息,库在指针中存储整数值,这似乎混淆了GC。出于显而易见的原因,我不想开始搞乱库本身,而是在我的包装层中吸收这种行为。

我的环境是Ubuntu 16.04,gcc 5.4.0和Go 1.9.2。

Documentation of cgo

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

我可以重现go1.8.5go1.9.2的错误。我无法重现提示错误:devel +f01b928 Sat Nov 11 06:17:48 2017 +0000(实际上是go1.10alpha)。

// Create a temporary slice containing invalid pointers.
// The idea is that the local variable slice can be garbage collected at the end of the function call.
// When the slice is scanned for linked objects, the GC comes across the invalid pointers.

Go咒语不会忽略错误。但是,您似乎假设GC将优雅地忽略错误。 GC应该大声抱怨(go1.8.5go1.9.2)。在最坏的情况下,由于未定义的行为可能因版本而异,GC可能会忽略错误(go devel)。

Go编译器看到一个指针,Go运行时GC需要一个有效的指针。

// go tool cgo
// type _Ctype_Handle *_Ctype_struct_HandlePrivate
// var handle _Ctype_Handle
var handle C.Handle
// main._Ctype_Handle <nil> 0x0
fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%[1]T %[1]v %[1]p\n", handle)

slice := make([]C.Handle, 1000000)
for i, _ := range slice {
    slice[i] = C.getInvalidPointer()
}

使用类型uintptr。例如,

package main

import "unsafe"

/*
#include "stddef.h"
// Create an opaque type to hide the details of the underlying data structure.
typedef struct HandlePrivate *Handle;

// In reality, the implementation uses a type derived from size_t for the Handle.
Handle getInvalidPointer() {
    size_t actualHandle = 1;
    return (Handle) actualHandle;
}
*/
import "C"

// Create a temporary slice of C pointers as Go integer type uintptr.
func getTempSlice() {
    slice := make([]uintptr, 1000000)
    for i, _ := range slice {
        slice[i] = uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(C.getInvalidPointer()))
    }
}

func main() {
    getTempSlice()
}