我想将(对象数组)批量插入到我的文档中,但我想防止重复记录,无法找到使用insertMany执行此操作的方法。
const Song = require('../models/song');
Song.insertMany([{id:1, name:"something"},{id:2, name:"something else"])
.then((result) => {
res.json({
result
})
})
以上代码有效,但如果记录相同,它仍会被插入。
答案 0 :(得分:1)
实际上,MongoDB"默认"如果有一个"唯一键,则不会创建重复数据"涉及,其中_id
(mongoose为id
别名,但被insertMany()
忽略,所以你需要小心),但有一个更大的故事,你真的需要注意。
这里的基本问题是" mongoose" insertMany()
以及底层驱动程序的实现目前都是有点" borked"说得客气一点。这就是驱动程序在" Bulk"中传递错误响应的方式有点不一致。操作,这实际上是由" mongoose"不是真的"寻找合适的地方"对于实际的错误信息。
"快速"您缺少的部分是{" Bulk"添加了{ ordered: false }
。 .insertMany()
简单地包含呼叫的操作。设置此项可确保"批次"请求实际上已经提交了#34;完全"并且在发生错误时不会停止执行。
但是因为" mongoose"不能很好地处理这个问题(驱动程序"始终如一")我们实际上需要寻找可能的"错误"在"响应"而不是"错误"潜在回调的结果。
作为示范:
const mongoose = require('mongoose'),
Schema = mongoose.Schema;
mongoose.Promise = global.Promise;
mongoose.set('debug',true);
const uri = 'mongodb://localhost/test',
options = { useMongoClient: true };
const songSchema = new Schema({
_id: Number,
name: String
});
const Song = mongoose.model('Song', songSchema);
function log(data) {
console.log(JSON.stringify(data, undefined, 2))
}
let docs = [
{ _id: 1, name: "something" },
{ _id: 2, name: "something else" },
{ _id: 2, name: "something else entirely" },
{ _id: 3, name: "another thing" }
];
mongoose.connect(uri,options)
.then( () => Song.remove() )
.then( () =>
new Promise((resolve,reject) =>
Song.collection.insertMany(docs,{ ordered: false },function(err,result) {
if (result.hasWriteErrors()) {
// Log something just for the sake of it
console.log('Has Write Errors:');
log(result.getWriteErrors());
// Check to see if something else other than a duplicate key, and throw
if (result.getWriteErrors().some( error => error.code != 11000 ))
reject(err);
}
resolve(result); // Otherwise resolve
})
)
)
.then( results => { log(results); return true; } )
.then( () => Song.find() )
.then( songs => { log(songs); mongoose.disconnect() })
.catch( err => { console.error(err); mongoose.disconnect(); } );
或者可能有点好,因为当前的LTS node.js有async/await
:
const mongoose = require('mongoose'),
Schema = mongoose.Schema;
mongoose.Promise = global.Promise;
mongoose.set('debug',true);
const uri = 'mongodb://localhost/test',
options = { useMongoClient: true };
const songSchema = new Schema({
_id: Number,
name: String
});
const Song = mongoose.model('Song', songSchema);
function log(data) {
console.log(JSON.stringify(data, undefined, 2))
}
let docs = [
{ _id: 1, name: "something" },
{ _id: 2, name: "something else" },
{ _id: 2, name: "something else entirely" },
{ _id: 3, name: "another thing" }
];
(async function() {
try {
const conn = await mongoose.connect(uri,options);
await Song.remove();
let results = await new Promise((resolve,reject) => {
Song.collection.insertMany(docs,{ ordered: false },function(err,result) {
if (result.hasWriteErrors()) {
// Log something just for the sake of it
console.log('Has Write Errors:');
log(result.getWriteErrors());
// Check to see if something else other than a duplicate key, then throw
if (result.getWriteErrors().some( error => error.code != 11000 ))
reject(err);
}
resolve(result); // Otherwise resolve
});
});
log(results);
let songs = await Song.find();
log(songs);
} catch(e) {
console.error(e);
} finally {
mongoose.disconnect();
}
})()
无论如何,你会得到相同的结果,表明写作都是继续进行的,而且我们恭敬地"忽略"与重复键相关的错误"或者称为错误代码11000
。 "安全处理"是我们期望这样的错误并丢弃它们,同时寻找其他错误"我们可能只想关注。我们还看到其余代码继续并通过执行后续.find()
调用列出实际插入的所有文档:
Mongoose: songs.remove({}, {})
Mongoose: songs.insertMany([ { _id: 1, name: 'something' }, { _id: 2, name: 'something else' }, { _id: 2, name: 'something else entirely' }, { _id: 3, name: 'another thing' } ], { ordered: false })
Has Write Errors:
[
{
"code": 11000,
"index": 2,
"errmsg": "E11000 duplicate key error collection: test.songs index: _id_ dup key: { : 2 }",
"op": {
"_id": 2,
"name": "something else entirely"
}
}
]
{
"ok": 1,
"writeErrors": [
{
"code": 11000,
"index": 2,
"errmsg": "E11000 duplicate key error collection: test.songs index: _id_ dup key: { : 2 }",
"op": {
"_id": 2,
"name": "something else entirely"
}
}
],
"writeConcernErrors": [],
"insertedIds": [
{
"index": 0,
"_id": 1
},
{
"index": 1,
"_id": 2
},
{
"index": 2,
"_id": 2
},
{
"index": 3,
"_id": 3
}
],
"nInserted": 3,
"nUpserted": 0,
"nMatched": 0,
"nModified": 0,
"nRemoved": 0,
"upserted": [],
"lastOp": {
"ts": "6485492726828630028",
"t": 23
}
}
Mongoose: songs.find({}, { fields: {} })
[
{
"_id": 1,
"name": "something"
},
{
"_id": 2,
"name": "something else"
},
{
"_id": 3,
"name": "another thing"
}
]
为什么这个过程呢?原因是底层调用实际上返回了err
和result
,如回调实现中所示,但返回的内容不一致。这样做的主要原因是你实际上看到了"结果",它不仅具有成功操作的结果,而且还有错误信息。
除错误信息外,还有nInserted: 3
表示"批次"实际上是写的。您可以在此处忽略insertedIds
,因为此特定测试涉及实际提供_id
值。如果不同的房产有'#34; unique"导致错误的约束,那么这里唯一的值是来自实际成功写入的值。有点误导,但很容易测试和自己看。
如前所述,捕获的是“不确定性”#34;这可以用另一个例子来证明(async/await
只是为了简化列表):
const mongoose = require('mongoose'),
Schema = mongoose.Schema;
mongoose.Promise = global.Promise;
mongoose.set('debug',true);
const uri = 'mongodb://localhost/test',
options = { useMongoClient: true };
const songSchema = new Schema({
_id: Number,
name: String
});
const Song = mongoose.model('Song', songSchema);
function log(data) {
console.log(JSON.stringify(data, undefined, 2))
}
let docs = [
{ _id: 1, name: "something" },
{ _id: 2, name: "something else" },
{ _id: 2, name: "something else entirely" },
{ _id: 3, name: "another thing" },
{ _id: 4, name: "different thing" },
//{ _id: 4, name: "different thing again" }
];
(async function() {
try {
const conn = await mongoose.connect(uri,options);
await Song.remove();
try {
let results = await Song.insertMany(docs,{ ordered: false });
console.log('what? no result!');
log(results); // not going to get here
} catch(e) {
// Log something for the sake of it
console.log('Has write Errors:');
// Check to see if something else other than a duplicate key, then throw
// Branching because MongoError is not consistent
if (e.hasOwnProperty('writeErrors')) {
log(e.writeErrors);
if(e.writeErrors.some( error => error.code !== 11000 ))
throw e;
} else if (e.code !== 11000) {
throw e;
} else {
log(e);
}
}
let songs = await Song.find();
log(songs);
} catch(e) {
console.error(e);
} finally {
mongoose.disconnect();
}
})()
完全相同的事情,但要注意错误如何记录在这里:
Has write Errors:
{
"code": 11000,
"index": 2,
"errmsg": "E11000 duplicate key error collection: test.songs index: _id_ dup key: { : 2 }",
"op": {
"__v": 0,
"_id": 2,
"name": "something else entirely"
}
}
请注意,没有"成功"信息,即使我们通过执行后续.find()
并获得输出来获得列表的相同延续。这是因为实现仅对"抛出错误"在拒绝中,永远不会通过实际的result
部分。因此,即使我们要求ordered: false
,我们也无法获得有关已完成内容的信息,除非我们自己包装回调并实现逻辑,如初始列表中所示。
另一个重要的"不一致"当出现"多个错误时发生#34;因此,取消注释_id: 4
的附加值会给我们:
Has write Errors:
[
{
"code": 11000,
"index": 2,
"errmsg": "E11000 duplicate key error collection: test.songs index: _id_ dup key: { : 2 }",
"op": {
"__v": 0,
"_id": 2,
"name": "something else entirely"
}
},
{
"code": 11000,
"index": 5,
"errmsg": "E11000 duplicate key error collection: test.songs index: _id_ dup key: { : 4 }",
"op": {
"__v": 0,
"_id": 4,
"name": "different thing again"
}
}
]
在这里你可以看到代码"分支"存在e.writeErrors
时,如果出现一个错误则不存在。相比之下,早期的response
对象同时具有hasWriteErrors()
和getWriteErrors()
方法,无论是否存在任何错误。这就是更一致的界面以及您应该使用它而不是单独检查err
响应的原因。
此行为实际上在即将发布的驱动程序3.x版本中得到修复,该版本与MongoDB 3.6服务器版本一致。行为发生了变化,err
响应更类似于标准result
,但当然被归类为BulkWriteError
响应,而不是目前的MongoError
。
在发布之前(当然,直到将依赖关系和更改传播到" mongoose"实现),然后建议的行动方针是要知道有用的信息在{{ 1}}和不 result
。实际上,您的代码可能应该在err
中查找hasErrors()
,然后回退以检查result
,以便满足在驱动程序中实现的更改。
作者注意:此内容和相关阅读的大部分内容已在Function insertMany() unordered: proper way to get both the errors and the result?和MongoDB Node.js native driver silently swallows
bulkWrite
exception上得到解答。但是在这里重复和详细说明,直到它最终汇入人们,这是你在当前驱动程序实现中处理异常的方式。当你查看正确的位置并编写代码来处理它时,它确实有效。