我似乎遇到了一个超载操作员问题。我无法弄清楚错误试图说的是什么。这是错误:
Error: no match for 'operator<<' in
'std::cout << s1.Set::operator+(((const Set&)((const Set*)(& s2))))'
这是我的代码:
#include "Set.cpp"
int main(int argc, char *argv[]){
Set s1(10),s2(6),s3(3),s4;
cout<<"First set ({x,y,z}): ";
cin>>s1;
cout<<"A: "<<s1<<endl;
cout<<"Second set: ";
cin>>s2;
cout<<"B: "<<s2<<endl;
cout<<s1+s2<<endl;
}
class Set {
private:
bool elements[255];
int capacity; //Yes, an unsigned char, short, or even size_t, would be better
Set(const bool elements[255], int capacity); //Helpful for immutable types
public:
Set();
Set(short capacity);
friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream &out, Set &set);
friend std::istream& operator>>(std::istream &in, Set &set);
int getCapacity() const; //Cardinality of universe. i.e. |Universe| (or just 'capacity')
};
Set::Set(const bool elements[255], int capacity){
this->capacity = capacity;
for(int i=0; i<255;i++){
if(elements[i] == true && i <= capacity){
this->elements[i] = true;
}
else{
this->elements[i] = false;
}
}
}
Set::Set(short capacity){
this->capacity = capacity;
}
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream &out, Set &set) {
int capacity = set.getCapacity();
out<<"{";
for(int i=0; i < 255; i++){
if(set.elements[i] == true ){
out<<i<<",";
}
}
out<<"}";
return out;
}
std::istream& operator>>(std::istream &in, Set &set) {
bool arr[255];
int cap=set.getCapacity();
char open;
in>>open;
if (in.fail() || open!='{') {
in.setstate(std::ios::failbit);
return in;
}
for (int i=0;i<cap;i++)
arr[i]=false;
std::string buff;
std::getline(in,buff,'}');
std::stringstream ss(buff);
std::string field;
while (true) {
std::getline(ss,field,',');
if (ss.fail()) break;
int el;
std::stringstream se(field);
se>>el;
if (el>=0&&el<cap){
arr[el]=true;
}
else{
arr[el]=false;
}
}
set=Set(arr,cap);
}
Set Set::operator+(const Set &other) const{
bool arr[255];
for(int i=0; i<255;i++){
if(this->elements[i] == true || other.elements[i]==true)
arr[i] == true;
}
int capacity = this->capacity>=other.capacity?this->capacity:other.capacity;
return Set(arr,capacity);
}
我超载+和&gt;&gt;运营商。执行代码时,是否先执行重载+运算符,然后执行&gt;&gt;运营商。
只需要澄清一下。谢谢
答案 0 :(得分:2)
以下是重载流插入运算符的签名:
friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream &out, Set &set);
请注意,您将最后一个参数作为非const引用。这意味着此函数只能将左值作为其第二个参数。这适用于您列出的所有情况,除了这一个:
cout << s1+s2 << endl;
我不相信您在上面的代码中包含了operator+
函数的签名,但我怀疑它(正确)按值返回Set
。此代码转换为
(operator<< (cout, s1 + s2)) << endl;
会触发此问题,因为表达式s1 + s2
并未评估为左值。
要解决此问题,请更改operator<<
功能的签名
friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream &out, const Set &set);
此处添加的const
允许最后一个参数绑定到任何内容,包括临时值,这样可以安全地打印出s1 + s2
。另外,它(正确地)向呼叫者表明打印出Set
的行为实际上不会改变该集合。
顺便说一句,将.cpp文件包含在另一个.cpp文件的顶部是非常奇怪的。您应该为Set
类型定义标题并包含该标题。否则,如果多个文件试图包含Set.cpp
文件,则由于每个函数的多个定义,您将收到链接器错误。