使用R的邻近地图

时间:2017-11-02 17:12:22

标签: r spatial sf

我正在寻找使用R创建一些接近地图,它显示了某些地区的距离。我在R代码中找不到任何示例,但我发现了一个输出,这是我想要的东西: enter image description here

它不一定必须具有所有标签/内部边界的魔法,但我希望它停在海边(考虑使用rgeos函数gintersection - 请参阅{ {3}})。

我已经尝试将密度图作为'热图'(这将是一个非常好的解决方案/替代方案)并将shapefile放在顶部(在此here之后),但它们没有排列和我不能做gintersection,可能是因为密度图没有附加坐标系。suggestion

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:5)

我用你的问题与新图书馆一起玩......

获取英国地图并定义随机点

library(raster)
library(sf)
library(ggplot2)
library(dplyr)
library(tidyr)
library(forcats)
library(purrr)

# Get UK map
GBR <- getData(name = "GADM", country = "GBR", level = 1)
GBR_sf <- st_as_sf(GBR)

# Define 3 points on the UK map
pts <- matrix(c(-0.4966766, -2.0772529, -3.8437793, 
                51.91829, 52.86147, 56.73899), ncol = 2)
# Project in mercator to allow buffer with distances
pts_sf <- st_sfc(st_multipoint(pts), crs = 4326) %>% 
  st_sf() %>%
  st_transform(27700)

ggplot() +
  geom_sf(data = GBR_sf) +
  geom_sf(data = pts_sf, colour = "red")

Data Map

计算缓冲区

我们为每个缓冲距离创建一个multipolygons列表。由于缓冲距离在坐标系的范围内,因此点数据集必须位于投影坐标(此处为mercator)中。

# Define distances to buffer
dists <- seq(5000, 150000, length.out = 5)
# Create buffer areas with each distances
pts_buf <- purrr::map(dists, ~st_buffer(pts_sf, .)) %>%
  do.call("rbind", .) %>% 
  st_cast() %>%
  mutate(
    distmax = dists,
    dist = glue::glue("<{dists/1000} km"))
# Plot: alpha allows to see overlapping polygons
ggplot() +
  geom_sf(data = GBR_sf) +
  geom_sf(data = pts_buf, fill = "red",
          colour = NA, alpha = 0.1)

Buffer overlap

删除重叠

缓冲区重叠。在上图中,更强烈的红色是由于多个重叠的透明红色层。让我们删除重叠。我们需要从较大的区域移除较小的缓冲区。然后我需要再次将最小的区域添加到列表中。

# Remove part of polygons overlapping smaller buffer
pts_holes <- purrr::map2(tail(1:nrow(pts_buf),-1),
            head(1:nrow(pts_buf),-1),
            ~st_difference(pts_buf[.x,], pts_buf[.y,])) %>%
  do.call("rbind", .) %>% 
  st_cast() %>%
  select(-distmax.1, -dist.1)
# Add smallest polygon
pts_holes_tot <- pts_holes %>% 
  rbind(filter(pts_buf, distmax == min(dists))) %>%
  arrange(distmax) %>%
  mutate(dist = forcats::fct_reorder(dist, distmax))
# Plot and define color according to dist
ggplot() +
  geom_sf(data = GBR_sf) +
  geom_sf(data = pts_holes_tot,
          aes(fill = dist),
          colour = NA) +
  scale_fill_brewer(direction = 2)

Buffer with holes - donut polygons

移除海域

如果您只想在地面部分找到接近区域,我们需要移除海中的缓冲区域。交点在multipolygons之间使用相同的投影计算。我以前认识到英国地图的联盟。

# Remove part of polygons in the sea
# Union and projection of UK map
GBR_sf_merc <- st_transform(st_union(GBR_sf), 27700)
pts_holes_uk <- st_intersection(pts_holes_tot, 
                              GBR_sf_merc)

ggplot() +
  geom_sf(data = GBR_sf) +
  geom_sf(data = pts_holes_uk,
          aes(fill = dist),
          colour = NA) +
  scale_fill_brewer(direction = 2)

以下是使用sfggplot2和其他一些图书馆的最终邻近地图......

Proximity map

答案 1 :(得分:2)

基于塞巴斯蒂安的例子,一种更老套的方法:

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