Question

我是Python的初学者，我正在尝试编写一个脚本，将文本文件转换为csv。 txt日志的格式如下：

＆＃34;数＆＃34; ＆＃34;日期＆＃34; ＆＃34;时间＆＃34; ＆＃34;接口＆＃34; ＆＃34;产地＆＃34; ＆＃34;类型＆＃34; ＆＃34;动作＆＃34; ＆＃34;服务＆＃34; ＆＃34;源端口＆＃34; ＆＃34;来源＆＃34; ＆＃34;目的地＆＃34; ＆＃34;协议＆＃34; ＆＃34;规则＆＃34; ＆＃34;规则名称＆＃34; ＆＃34;当前规则编号＆＃34; ＆＃34;用户＆＃34; ＆＃34;信息＆＃34; ＆＃34;产品＆＃34; ＆＃34;源机器名称＆＃34; ＆＃34;来源用户名＆＃34;

＆＃34; 176＆＃34; ＆＃34; 16Oct2017＆＃34; ＆＃34; 23：59：00＆＃34; ＆＃34; ETH1＆＃34; ＆＃34; FWSIN2＆＃34; ＆＃34;登录＆＃34; ＆＃34;接受＆＃34; ＆＃34; TCP_135＆＃34; ＆＃34; 62005＆＃34; ＆＃34; Host_10.2.2.68＆＃34; ＆＃34; 10.168.150.135＆＃34; ＆＃34; TCP＆＃34; ＆＃34; 271＆＃34; ＆＃34;＆＃34; ＆＃34; 271-SINFW＆＃34; ＆＃34;＆＃34; ＆＃34; inzone：内部; outzone：外部; service_id：TCP_135＆＃34; ＆＃34;安全网关/管理＆＃34; ＆＃34;＆＃34; ＆＃34;＆＃34;

我已经编写了以下脚本(in python3)来执行此操作，但它似乎不起作用;它在屏幕上打印得很好，但在文件中打印None。如何更改此代码以解决此问题？

import shlex

socfile=open('samplelogs.txt',encoding='utf-8')
csvfile=open('csvfile.csv',mode='w',encoding='utf-8')
for strlist in socfile:
    str=shlex.split(strlist)
    for i in str:
        myline=print(i,',',end='')
    csvfile.write("%s" % myline)
    #print(myline)

socfile.close()
csvfile.close()

Answer 1

“print”函数不返回字符串，它将字符串输出到文件中。这是它的签名：

print(*objects, sep=' ', end='\n', file=sys.stdout, flush=False)

'myline'始终为'None'值。试试这个：

import shlex

socfile=open('test.txt',encoding='utf-8')
csvfile=open('csvfile.csv',mode='w',encoding='utf-8')
for strlist in socfile:
    str=shlex.split(strlist)
    for i in str:
        print(i,',',end='', file=csvfile)
    #csvfile.write("%s" % myline)
    #print(myline)

socfile.close()
csvfile.close()

Answer 2

您可以使用带有方言的csv模块来读取和写入文件。它不会出错而不会自己重写csv处理代码。

解决您的错误，请改为：

csvfile.write(','.join(str) + '\n')

这是你的整个程序被重写为更加pythonic。它不包括字段周围的引号，但您可以自己添加它们。但是，只需使用csv模块，让它为你做一切。

import shlex

with open('test.txt', encoding='utf-8') as socfile:
    with open('csvfile.csv', mode='w', encoding='utf-8') as csvfile:
        csvfile.writelines(','.join(shlex.split(line)) + '\n' for line in socfile)

以下是使用csv模块的完整示例：

#!/usr/bin/env python3

import csv


def convert(space_separated_file, csv_file):
    class unix_space(csv.unix_dialect):
        def __init__(self):
            self.delimiter = ' '

    input_rows = csv.reader(space_separated_file, dialect=unix_space())
    output = csv.writer(csv_file, dialect='unix')
    output.writerows(input_rows)


def example(in_filename, out_filename):
    with open(in_filename) as f_in:
        with open(out_filename, "w") as f_out:
            convert(f_in, f_out)


def test():
    with open('test.txt', 'w') as f:
        f.write('''"Number" "Date" "Time" "Interface" "Origin" "Type" "Action" "Service" "Source Port" "Source" "Destination" "Protocol" "Rule" "Rule Name" "Current Rule Number" "User" "Information" "Product" "Source Machine Name" "Source User Name"
"176" "16Oct2017" "23:59:00" "eth1" "FWSIN2" "Log" "Accept" "TCP_135" "62005" "Host_10.2.2.68" "10.168.150.135" "tcp" "271" "" "271-SINFW" "" "inzone: Internal; outzone: External; service_id: TCP_135" "Security Gateway/Management" "" ""
''')

    example('test.txt', 'test.csv')

    with open('test.csv') as f:
        print(f.read())


test()

输出：

"Number","Date","Time","Interface","Origin","Type","Action","Service","Source Port","Source","Destination","Protocol","Rule","Rule Name","Current Rule Number","User","Information","Product","Source Machine Name","Source User Name"
"176","16Oct2017","23:59:00","eth1","FWSIN2","Log","Accept","TCP_135","62005","Host_10.2.2.68","10.168.150.135","tcp","271","","271-SINFW","","inzone: Internal; outzone: External; service_id: TCP_135","Security Gateway/Management","",""

你的输出：

Number,Date,Time,Interface,Origin,Type,Action,Service,Source Port,Source,Destination,Protocol,Rule,Rule Name,Current Rule Number,User,Information,Product,Source Machine Name,Source User Name
176,16Oct2017,23:59:00,eth1,FWSIN2,Log,Accept,TCP_135,62005,Host_10.2.2.68,10.168.150.135,tcp,271,,271-SINFW,,inzone: Internal; outzone: External; service_id: TCP_135,Security Gateway/Management,,

Answer 3

输入文件似乎是一个空白的分隔文件，其中的字段选项用双引号括起来。这很容易用csv模块本身解析：

with open('samplelogs.txt',encoding='utf-8', newline='') as socfile, \
        open('csvfile.csv',mode='w',encoding='utf-8', newline='') as csvfile:
    rd = csv.reader(socfile, delimiter = ' ', quoting=csv.QUOTE_ALL)   # or "\t" if the delimiter is a tab
    wr = csv.writer(csvfile)
    for row in rd:
        wr.writerow(row)

在python中将变量写入文件

3 个答案: