我有一台运行NextCloud的nginx 1.10.3服务器并从各种客户端访问它。证书由Lets Encrypt提供，并使用2048位RSA密钥。
所有客户端都可以正常运行，包括Web浏览器，但在iPad或iPhone上运行在iOS 11上的浏览器除外。工作浏览器是MacOS和Linux上的Firefox 56，以及MacOS Sierra上的Safari 11。 Linux上的NextCloud客户端也可以正常工作。在iOS上，GoodReader可以将NextCloud作为webdav客户端访问。但Safari不会访问它，声称它无法访问与服务器的安全连接。 iOS NextCloud客户端在尝试连接时返回SSL错误（我假设它使用与Safari相同的库进行连接）。
iOS（Safari或NextCloud应用程序）尝试连接失败时nginx日志中的错误是：
SSL_do_handshake() failed (SSL: error:1417A0C1:SSL routines:tls_post_process_client_hello:no shared cipher) while SSL handshaking
我查看了Web服务器上的流量，这是Firefox的Client Hello：
Secure Sockets Layer
SSL Record Layer: Handshake Protocol: Client Hello
Content Type: Handshake (22)
Version: TLS 1.0 (0x0301)
Length: 512
Handshake Protocol: Client Hello
Handshake Type: Client Hello (1)
Length: 508
Version: TLS 1.2 (0x0303)
Random
GMT Unix Time: Aug 8, 2013 06:38:14.000000000 JST
Random Bytes: eece37d08b453cedc932958165d0b6c530b31a321554c874...
Session ID Length: 32
Session ID: c7...
Cipher Suites Length: 30
Cipher Suites (15 suites)
Cipher Suite: TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 (0xc02b)
Cipher Suite: TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 (0xc02f)
Cipher Suite: TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256 (0xcca9)
Cipher Suite: TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256 (0xcca8)
Cipher Suite: TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (0xc02c)
Cipher Suite: TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (0xc030)
Cipher Suite: TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA (0xc00a)
Cipher Suite: TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA (0xc009)
Cipher Suite: TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA (0xc013)
Cipher Suite: TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA (0xc014)
Cipher Suite: TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA (0x0033)
Cipher Suite: TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA (0x0039)
Cipher Suite: TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA (0x002f)
Cipher Suite: TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA (0x0035)
Cipher Suite: TLS_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA (0x000a)
Compression Methods Length: 1
Compression Methods (1 method)
Compression Method: null (0)
Extensions Length: 405
Extension: server_name
Type: server_name (0x0000)
Length: 30
Server Name Indication extension
Server Name list length: 28
Server Name Type: host_name (0)
Server Name length: 25
Server Name: mydomain.com
Extension: Extended Master Secret
Type: Extended Master Secret (0x0017)
Length: 0
Extension: renegotiation_info
Type: renegotiation_info (0xff01)
Length: 1
Renegotiation Info extension
Renegotiation info extension length: 0
Extension: elliptic_curves
Type: elliptic_curves (0x000a)
Length: 10
Elliptic Curves Length: 8
Elliptic curves (4 curves)
Elliptic curve: ecdh_x25519 (0x001d)
Elliptic curve: secp256r1 (0x0017)
Elliptic curve: secp384r1 (0x0018)
Elliptic curve: secp521r1 (0x0019)
Extension: ec_point_formats
Type: ec_point_formats (0x000b)
Length: 2
EC point formats Length: 1
Elliptic curves point formats (1)
EC point format: uncompressed (0)
Extension: SessionTicket TLS
Type: SessionTicket TLS (0x0023)
Length: 208
Data (208 bytes)
Extension: Application Layer Protocol Negotiation
Type: Application Layer Protocol Negotiation (0x0010)
Length: 14
ALPN Extension Length: 12
ALPN Protocol
ALPN string length: 2
ALPN Next Protocol: h2
ALPN string length: 8
ALPN Next Protocol: http/1.1
Extension: status_request
Type: status_request (0x0005)
Length: 5
Certificate Status Type: OCSP (1)
Responder ID list Length: 0
Request Extensions Length: 0
Extension: signature_algorithms
Type: signature_algorithms (0x000d)
Length: 24
Signature Hash Algorithms Length: 22
Signature Hash Algorithms (11 algorithms)
Signature Hash Algorithm: 0x0403
Signature Hash Algorithm Hash: SHA256 (4)
Signature Hash Algorithm Signature: ECDSA (3)
Signature Hash Algorithm: 0x0503
Signature Hash Algorithm Hash: SHA384 (5)
Signature Hash Algorithm Signature: ECDSA (3)
Signature Hash Algorithm: 0x0603
Signature Hash Algorithm Hash: SHA512 (6)
Signature Hash Algorithm Signature: ECDSA (3)
Signature Hash Algorithm: 0x0804
Signature Hash Algorithm Hash: Unknown (8)
Signature Hash Algorithm Signature: Unknown (4)
Signature Hash Algorithm: 0x0805
Signature Hash Algorithm Hash: Unknown (8)
Signature Hash Algorithm Signature: Unknown (5)
Signature Hash Algorithm: 0x0806
Signature Hash Algorithm Hash: Unknown (8)
Signature Hash Algorithm Signature: Unknown (6)
Signature Hash Algorithm: 0x0401
Signature Hash Algorithm Hash: SHA256 (4)
Signature Hash Algorithm Signature: RSA (1)
Signature Hash Algorithm: 0x0501
Signature Hash Algorithm Hash: SHA384 (5)
Signature Hash Algorithm Signature: RSA (1)
Signature Hash Algorithm: 0x0601
Signature Hash Algorithm Hash: SHA512 (6)
Signature Hash Algorithm Signature: RSA (1)
Signature Hash Algorithm: 0x0203
Signature Hash Algorithm Hash: SHA1 (2)
Signature Hash Algorithm Signature: ECDSA (3)
Signature Hash Algorithm: 0x0201
Signature Hash Algorithm Hash: SHA1 (2)
Signature Hash Algorithm Signature: RSA (1)
Extension: Padding
Type: Padding (0x0015)
Length: 71
Padding Data: 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000...
最终，为Firefox选择了TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (0xc030)密码。
以下是通过Safari的iPad客户端Hello：
Secure Sockets Layer
SSL Record Layer: Handshake Protocol: Client Hello
Content Type: Handshake (22)
Version: TLS 1.0 (0x0301)
Length: 239
Handshake Protocol: Client Hello
Handshake Type: Client Hello (1)
Length: 235
Version: TLS 1.2 (0x0303)
Random
GMT Unix Time: Jul 20, 2002 17:04:33.000000000 JST
Random Bytes: 8f8602de9622cf56d70fa8d863a3c8d7154eb23ce19b625b...
Session ID Length: 0
Cipher Suites Length: 40
Cipher Suites (20 suites)
Cipher Suite: TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (0xc02c)
Cipher Suite: TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 (0xc02b)
Cipher Suite: TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384 (0xc024)
Cipher Suite: TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 (0xc023)
Cipher Suite: TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA (0xc00a)
Cipher Suite: TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA (0xc009)
Cipher Suite: TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256 (0xcca9)
Cipher Suite: TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (0xc030)
Cipher Suite: TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 (0xc02f)
Cipher Suite: TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384 (0xc028)
Cipher Suite: TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 (0xc027)
Cipher Suite: TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA (0xc014)
Cipher Suite: TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA (0xc013)
Cipher Suite: TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256 (0xcca8)
Cipher Suite: TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (0x009d)
Cipher Suite: TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 (0x009c)
Cipher Suite: TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA256 (0x003d)
Cipher Suite: TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 (0x003c)
Cipher Suite: TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA (0x0035)
Cipher Suite: TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA (0x002f)
Compression Methods Length: 1
Compression Methods (1 method)
Compression Method: null (0)
Extensions Length: 154
Extension: renegotiation_info
Type: renegotiation_info (0xff01)
Length: 1
Renegotiation Info extension
Renegotiation info extension length: 0
Extension: server_name
Type: server_name (0x0000)
Length: 30
Server Name Indication extension
Server Name list length: 28
Server Name Type: host_name (0)
Server Name length: 25
Server Name: mydomain.com
Extension: Extended Master Secret
Type: Extended Master Secret (0x0017)
Length: 0
Extension: signature_algorithms
Type: signature_algorithms (0x000d)
Length: 20
Signature Hash Algorithms Length: 18
Signature Hash Algorithms (9 algorithms)
Signature Hash Algorithm: 0x0403
Signature Hash Algorithm Hash: SHA256 (4)
Signature Hash Algorithm Signature: ECDSA (3)
Signature Hash Algorithm: 0x0804
Signature Hash Algorithm Hash: Unknown (8)
Signature Hash Algorithm Signature: Unknown (4)
Signature Hash Algorithm: 0x0401
Signature Hash Algorithm Hash: SHA256 (4)
Signature Hash Algorithm Signature: RSA (1)
Signature Hash Algorithm: 0x0503
Signature Hash Algorithm Hash: SHA384 (5)
Signature Hash Algorithm Signature: ECDSA (3)
Signature Hash Algorithm: 0x0805
Signature Hash Algorithm Hash: Unknown (8)
Signature Hash Algorithm Signature: Unknown (5)
Signature Hash Algorithm: 0x0501
Signature Hash Algorithm Hash: SHA384 (5)
Signature Hash Algorithm Signature: RSA (1)
Signature Hash Algorithm: 0x0806
Signature Hash Algorithm Hash: Unknown (8)
Signature Hash Algorithm Signature: Unknown (6)
Signature Hash Algorithm: 0x0601
Signature Hash Algorithm Hash: SHA512 (6)
Signature Hash Algorithm Signature: RSA (1)
Signature Hash Algorithm: 0x0201
Signature Hash Algorithm Hash: SHA1 (2)
Signature Hash Algorithm Signature: RSA (1)
Extension: status_request
Type: status_request (0x0005)
Length: 5
Certificate Status Type: OCSP (1)
Responder ID list Length: 0
Request Extensions Length: 0
Extension: next_protocol_negotiation
Type: next_protocol_negotiation (0x3374)
Length: 0
Extension: signed_certificate_timestamp
Type: signed_certificate_timestamp (0x0012)
Length: 0
Data (0 bytes)
Extension: Application Layer Protocol Negotiation
Type: Application Layer Protocol Negotiation (0x0010)
Length: 48
ALPN Extension Length: 46
ALPN Protocol
ALPN string length: 2
ALPN Next Protocol: h2
ALPN string length: 5
ALPN Next Protocol: h2-16
ALPN string length: 5
ALPN Next Protocol: h2-15
ALPN string length: 5
ALPN Next Protocol: h2-14
ALPN string length: 8
ALPN Next Protocol: spdy/3.1
ALPN string length: 6
ALPN Next Protocol: spdy/3
ALPN string length: 8
ALPN Next Protocol: http/1.1
Extension: ec_point_formats
Type: ec_point_formats (0x000b)
Length: 2
EC point formats Length: 1
Elliptic curves point formats (1)
EC point format: uncompressed (0)
Extension: elliptic_curves
Type: elliptic_curves (0x000a)
Length: 8
Elliptic Curves Length: 6
Elliptic curves (3 curves)
Elliptic curve: ecdh_x25519 (0x001d)
Elliptic curve: secp256r1 (0x0017)
Elliptic curve: secp384r1 (0x0018)
网络流量中对iOS的响应是：
Secure Sockets Layer
TLSv1.2 Record Layer: Alert (Level: Fatal, Description: Handshake Failure)
Content Type: Alert (21)
Version: TLS 1.2 (0x0303)
Length: 2
Alert Message
Level: Fatal (2)
Description: Handshake Failure (40)
不幸的是，握手中特别失败的是我不清楚，因为我还没有找到更详细的信息。服务器为Firefox选择的确切密码列为iOS支持，但SSL握手不仅没有选择它，而且无法选择任何选项。
进一步的怪异，通过SSL实验室运行的网站，以及A +评级，为Safari的握手测试提供以下结果：
Safari 6/iOS 6.0.1 RSA 2048 (SHA256) TLS 1.2 TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA ECDH secp521r1 FS
Safari 7/iOS 7.1 RSA 2048 (SHA256) TLS 1.2 TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA ECDH secp521r1 FS
Safari 7/OS X 10.9 RSA 2048 (SHA256) TLS 1.2 TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA ECDH secp521r1 FS
Safari 8/iOS 8.4 RSA 2048 (SHA256) TLS 1.2 TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA ECDH secp521r1 FS
Safari 8/OS X 10.10 RSA 2048 (SHA256) TLS 1.2 TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA ECDH secp521r1 FS
Safari 9/iOS 9 RSA 2048 (SHA256) TLS 1.2 > h2 TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 ECDH secp521r1 FS
Safari 9/OS X 10.11 RSA 2048 (SHA256) TLS 1.2 > h2 TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 ECDH secp521r1 FS
Safari 10/iOS 10 RSA 2048 (SHA256) TLS 1.2 > h2 TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 ECDH secp521r1 FS
Safari 10/OS X 10.12 RSA 2048 (SHA256) TLS 1.2 > h2 TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 ECDH secp521r1 FS
显然，SSL实验室的Safari模型对我的服务器很满意，但iOS上真正的Safari却不是。
这是nginx服务器的SSL密码配置：
ssl_ciphers "ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:
ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA256:
ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:
ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:
ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384:
DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:
DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:
DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA256";
取自here。我还尝试了Mozilla SSL configuration generator的配置。 ＆＃34;现代＆＃34;简介是这样的：
ssl_ciphers 'ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:
ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:
ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:
ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384:
ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256';
这给出了握手失败的相同结果。
让nginx使用ssl_ciphers的默认值导致iOS连接到服务器。但是，当我检查TCP转储时，我发现它选择了密码TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (0x009d)，它不提供前向保密当然，当服务器使用默认密码选择时，SSL Labs也会为站点提供A-评级由于某些浏览器选择了没有前向保密的密码。但即使在这种情况下，SSL Labs＆＃39; Safari 10 / iOS 10握手测试为其结果提供了RSA 2048 (SHA256) TLS 1.2 > h2 TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 ECDH secp521r1 FS，因此我很难理解为什么iOS 11的行为如此不同。
非常感谢任何解决这种奇怪情况的帮助。
答案 0 :(得分：2)
我找到了问题的根源。服务器被限制为仅接受secp521r1的椭圆曲线（ssl_ecdh_curve设置）。我不记得为什么会这样设置;过去的一些导游告诉我这样做，我盲目地遵守。
添加额外的较低强度曲线secp384r1，可以让iOS成功握手并使用TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA384进行通信。 ssl_ecdh_curve现已设置为secp521r1:secp384r1。
我不确定iOS 10和11之间的变化导致了这种情况。我最好的猜测是，从挖掘OpenSSL代码和一些further research开始，iOS 11正试图遵守Suite B。 Suite B将曲线限制为P-256和P-384。但这只是业余人士的猜测。