Question

我在Code Review停了下来，询问我如何简化脚本，并建议使用散列表，因为它会清理代码。我得到了一个非常基本的例子，但它不是即插即用。我已经编写了一些基本代码，但它并没有按照我的想法进行。知道代码审查人员不是这样的支持，我在这里，寻找帮助组合CSV和哈希表的变量。我将从我的CSV和下面的Powershell代码中留下样本数据。

示例CSV：

Student First Name,I,Student Last Name,Other ID,Stu Access Login,Student's School Email,School,Grad Year
Johosofat,L,Smith,999999,smithjoh000,smithjoh000@mydomain.org,30,2017
Tome,M,Smith,999998,smithtom000,smithtom000@mydomain.org,40,2021

示例Powershell：

# Testing simple hash table
$SchoolCodes = @{
        20 = "Exeter Township Senior High"
        30 = "Exeter Township Junior High"
        40 = "Lorane Elementary School"
        50 = "Jacksonwald ES"
        70 = "Reiffton School"
        90 = "Owatin Creek Elementary School"
}

# CSV file being imported.
$CsvFile = "$env:USERPROFILE\Downloads\SampleData.csv"

# Import the contents of the CSV file.
$Users = Import-Csv -Path "$CsvFile"

# Loop through each line of the CSV, creating variables for each field.
ForEach ($User in $Users) {
    # Creating the basic variables.
    $FirstName = $User.'Student First Name'
    $MiddleInitial = $User.'I'
    $LastName = $User.'Student Last Name'
    $ADUserName = $User.'Stu Access Login'
    $StudentID = $User.'Other ID'
    $GradYear = $User.'Grad Year'
    $CapFInitial = $FirstName.substring(0,1).ToUpper()
    $MInitial = $MiddleInitial.substring(0,1).ToLower()
    $LInitial = $LastName.substring(0,1).ToLower()
    $Password = "$CapFInitial$MInitial$LInitial" + "#" + "$StudentID"
    $SchoolCode = $SchoolCodes[$User.School]


    If (-Not(Get-ADUser -Filter {SamAccountName -eq $ADUserName})) {
        Try {
            # Create user.
            New-ADUser `
                -Name "$FirstName $LastName" `
                -SamAccountName "$ADUserName" `
                -GivenName "$FirstName" `
                -Initials "$MiddleInitial" `
                -Surname "$LastName" `
                -DisplayName "$FirstName $MiddleInitial. $LastName" `
                -UserPrincipalName "$ADUserName@mydomain.k12.pa.us" `
                -EmailAddress "$ADUserName@mydomain.k12.pa.us" `
                -AccountPassword (ConvertTo-SecureString $Password -AsPlainText -Force) `
                -Enabled $false `
                -PasswordNeverExpires $true `
                -CannotChangePassword $true `
                -Path "OU=$GradYear,OU=Students,OU=$SchoolCode,OU=accounts,DC=academic,DC=mydomain,DC=k12,DC=pa,DC=us" `
                -WhatIf
        }

        Catch {
            Write-Error "[ERROR] Can't create user [$($ADUserName)] : $_"
        }
    }
}

我的问题： 我认为，由于$SchoolCode变量设置为 null ，脚本最终会出错。我希望脚本能够从CSV中的学校字段中找到数字（代码），并将其与最终成为AD中OU的名称相匹配 - 其中将创建用户对象。基本上，代码尝试在"CN=Tome Smith,OU=2021,OU=Students,OU=,OU=accounts,DC=academic,DC=exeter,DC=k12,DC=pa,DC=us"中创建用户对象，该对象显示$SchoolCode变量为空或者未正确设置。

正如我在评论中提到的，我们正在考虑将其他静态数据作为（嵌套？）哈希表添加到哈希表中。这是我们正在考虑的一个例子。随着时间的推移，AD组列表可能会增长。

嵌套哈希表的示例：

$SchoolCodes = @{
    20 = @{
        Name = "Exeter Township Senior High"
        ADGroup1 = "Students"
        ADGroup2 = "Secondary Students"
    }
    30 = @{
        Name = "Exeter Township Junior High"
        ADGroup1 = "Students"
        ADGroup2 = "Secondary Students"
    }
    40 = @{
        Name = "Lorane Elementary School"
        ADGroup1 = "Students"
        ADGroup2 = "K4 Students"
    }
    50 = @{
        Name = "Jacksonwald ES"
        ADGroup1 = "Students"
        ADGroup2 = "K4 Students"
    }
    70 = @{
        Name = "Reiffton School"
        ADGroup1 = "Students"
        ADGroup2 = "Secondary Students"
    }
    90 = @{
        Name = "Owatin Creek Elementary School"
        ADGroup1 = "Students"
        ADGroup2 = "K4 Students"
    }
}

我正在网上搜索并试图更好地理解哈希表。如果我可以绕过它，那么嵌套它们将是我的下一步。

Answer 1

除非您重新使用数据，否则将其转换为哈希表并不重要。此外，错误在于访问$SchoolCodes值。出于某种原因，访问者不使用[String]，但在投射到[Int]

时可以正常工作

示例数据集：

Student First Name,I,Student Last Name,Other ID,Stu Access Login,Student's School Email,School,Grad Year
Johosofat,L,Smith,999999,smithjoh000,smithjoh000@mydomain.org,30,2017
Tome,M,Smith,999998,smithtom000,smithtom000@mydomain.org,40,2021

代码：

#requires -Version 3
$SchoolCodes = @{
    20 = "Exeter Township Senior High"
    30 = "Exeter Township Junior High"
    40 = "Lorane Elementary School"
    50 = "Jacksonwald ES"
    70 = "Reiffton School"
    90 = "Owatin Creek Elementary School"
}

# CSV file being imported.
$CsvFile = "$env:USERPROFILE\Downloads\SampleData.csv"

# Import the contents of the CSV file.
$Users = Import-Csv -Path "$CsvFile"

# Loop through each line of the CSV, creating variables for each field.
ForEach ($User in $Users)
{
    [String]$LoginName = $User.'Stu Access Login'
    If (-not (Get-ADUser -Filter {SamAccountName -eq $LoginName}))
    {
        $FirstName = $User.'Student First Name'
        $LastName = $User.'Student Last Name'

        $Params = @{
            Name = "$FirstName $LastName"
            SamAccountName = $LoginName
            GivenName = $FirstName
            Initials = $User.I
            Surname = $LastName
            DisplayName = "$FirstName $($User.I) $LastName"
            UserPrincipalName = "$LoginName@mydomain.k12.pa.us"
            EmailAddress = "$LoginName@mydomain.k12.pa.us"
            AccountPassword = ConvertTo-SecureString -String (
                '{0}{1}{2}#{3}' -f @(
                    $FirstName[0].ToString().ToUpper(),
                    $User.I[0].ToString().ToLower(),
                    $LastName[0].ToString().ToLower(),
                    $User.'Other ID')) -AsPlainText -Force
            Enabled = $False
            PasswordNeverExpires = $True
            CannotChangePassword = $True
            Path = 'OU={0},OU=Students,OU={1},OU=accounts,DC=academic,DC=mydomain,DC=k12,DC=pa,DC=us' -f @(
                $User.'Grad Year',
                $SchoolCodes[[Int]$User.School])
            WhatIf = $True
        }

        Try {New-ADUser @Params}
        Catch {Write-Error "[ERROR] Can't create user [$LoginName] : $_"}
    }
}

尝试混合CSV和哈希表中的数据以生成变量

1 个答案: