Question

转到此网址https://www.horseracebase.com/horse-racing-results.php?year=2005&month=3&day=15（用户名= TrickyBen |密码= TrickyBen123）
请注意，有一个下载Excel按钮（红色）
我想下载excel文件并将其转换为pandas数据帧。我想以编程方式（即从脚本中，而不是通过手动点击网站）来完成。我该怎么做？

此代码将以TrickyBen身份登录，并向网站API发出请求...

导入请求来自lxml import html 来自请求导入会话将pandas导入为pd import shutil

raceSession = Session()

LoginDetails = {'login': 'TrickyBen', 'password': 'TrickyBen123'}

LoginUrl = 'https://www.horseracebase.com/horse-racing-results.php?year=2005&month=3&day=15/horsebase1.php'
LoginPost = raceSession.post(LoginUrl, data=LoginDetails)

RaceUrl = 'https://www.horseracebase.com/excelresults.php'
RaceDataDetails =  {"user": "41495", "racedate": "2005-3-15", "downloadbutton": "Excel"}

PostHeaders = {"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"}
Response = raceSession.post(RaceUrl, data=RaceDataDetails, headers=PostHeaders)

Table = pd.read_table(Response.text)

Table.to_csv('blahblah.csv')

如果你检查元素，你会发现相关元素看起来像这样......

<form action="excelresults.php" method="post">
    <input type="hidden" name="user" value="41495">
    <input type="hidden" name="racedate" value="2005-3-15">
    <input type="submit" class="downloadbutton" value="Excel">
</form>

我收到此错误消息...

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/Alex/Desktop/DateTest/hrpull.py", line 20, in <module>
    Table = pd.read_table(Response.text)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pandas/io/parsers.py", line 562, in parser_f
    return _read(filepath_or_buffer, kwds)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pandas/io/parsers.py", line 315, in _read
    parser = TextFileReader(filepath_or_buffer, **kwds)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pandas/io/parsers.py", line 645, in __init__
    self._make_engine(self.engine)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pandas/io/parsers.py", line 799, in _make_engine
self._engine = CParserWrapper(self.f, **self.options)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pandas/io/parsers.py", line 1213, in __init__
self._reader = _parser.TextReader(src, **kwds)
  File "pandas/parser.pyx", line 358, in pandas.parser.TextReader.__cinit__ (pandas/parser.c:3427)
  File "pandas/parser.pyx", line 628, in pandas.parser.TextReader._setup_parser_source (pandas/parser.c:6861)
IOError: File race_date race_time   track   race_name       race_restrictions_age   race_class  major   race_distance   prize_money     going_description   number_of_runners   place   distbt  horse_name  stall       trainer horse_age   jockey_name jockeys_claim   pounds  odds    fav     official_rating comptime    TotalDstBt  MedianOR    Dist_Furlongs       placing_numerical   RCode   BFSP    BFSP_Place  PlcsPaid    BFPlcsPaid      Yards   RailMove    RaceType    
"2005-03-15"    "14:00:00"  "Cheltenham"    "Letheby & Christopher Supreme Novices Hurdle " "4yo+"  "Class 1"   "Grade 1"   "2m˝f " "58000" "Good"  "20"    "1st"       "Arcalis"   "0" "Johnson, J Howard" "5" "Lee, G"    "0" "161"   "21"        "136"   "3 mins 53.00s"     "121.5" "16.5"  "1" "National Hunt" "0" "0" "3" "0" "0" "0" "Novices Hurdle"
"2005-03-15"    "14:00:00"  "Cheltenham"    "Letheby & Christopher Supreme Novices Hurdle " "4yo+"  "Class 1"   "Grade 1"   "2m˝f " "58000" "Good"  "20"    "2nd"   "6" "Wild Passion (GER)"    "0" "Meade, Noel"   "5" "Carberry, P"   "0" "161"   "11"        "0" "3 mins 53.00s" "6" "121.5" "16.5"  "2" "National Hunt" "0" "0" "3" "0" "0" "0" "Novices Hurdle"

Answer 1

我认为您可以在另一个网页上看到要下载的数据，例如，点击＆＃34;我的系统（v4）＆＃34;。如果您可以这样做，那么您可以使用urllib.request.urlretrieve下载该页面。然后你可以使用html.parser.HTMLParser来解析数据并按照你的意愿去做。

Answer 2

如果您要查看表单操作中调用的api，您会看到您要对此网址发布请求：

https://www.horseracebase.com/excelresults.php

具有以下参数：

data = {
    "user": "41495", # looks like this varies with login, so update in case you change your login id
    "racedate": "2005-3-15",
    "downloadbutton": "Excel"
}

你可以这样做：

response = raceSession.post(reqUrl, json=data)

如果这不起作用，请尝试在请求中添加标头，例如：headers=postHeaders。对于前者在这种情况下，您应该设置内容类型标题，因为您要发送表单编码数据，所以：

headers = {"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"}

阅读this以获取有关如何将Excel保存到文件的更多信息

以下是邮递员对此请求的回复，因此除了content-type之外，您似乎不需要任何其他标题：

修改

这是你需要做的：

raceSession = Session() RaceUrl = 'https://www.horseracebase.com/excelresults.php' RaceDataDetails = {"user": "41495", "racedate": "2005-3-15", "downloadbutton": "Excel"} PostHeaders = {"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"} Response = raceSession.post(RaceUrl, data=RaceDataDetails, headers=PostHeaders) # from StringIO import StringIO #for python 2.x #import StringIO #for python 3.x Table = pd.read_table(StringIO(Response.text))

Python：如何从页面下载Excel文件

2 个答案: