给出这4个文件:
file1.h:
#pragma once
#include <windows.h>
file1.cpp:
#include "file1.h"
file2.h:
#pragma once
#define N 666
file2.cpp:
#include "file2.h"
#include "file1.h"
当我尝试使用visual studio 2015编译器cl -c file2.cpp
编译file2.cpp时,我会收到一堆错误:
Microsoft (R) C/C++ Optimizing Compiler Version 19.00.24215.1 for x86
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
file2.cpp
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\\um\winnt.h(1179): error C2059: syntax error: 'constant'
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\\um\winnt.h(2149): error C2598: linkage specification must be at global scope
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\\um\winnt.h(4807): error C2598: linkage specification must be at global scope
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\\um\winnt.h(4859): error C2156: pragma must be outside function
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\\um\winnt.h(4991): error C2598: linkage specification must be at global scope
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\\um\winnt.h(5050): error C2156: pragma must be outside function
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\\um\winnt.h(5051): error C2156: pragma must be outside function
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\\um\winnt.h(5052): error C2156: pragma must be outside function
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\\um\winnt.h(5053): error C2156: pragma must be outside function
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\\um\winnt.h(5054): error C2156: pragma must be outside function
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\\um\winnt.h(5055): error C2156: pragma must be outside function
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\\um\winnt.h(5078): error C2156: pragma must be outside function
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\\um\winnt.h(5079): error C2156: pragma must be outside function
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\\um\winnt.h(5134): error C2156: pragma must be outside function
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\\um\winnt.h(5135): error C2156: pragma must be outside function
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\\um\winnt.h(5136): error C2156: pragma must be outside function
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\\um\winnt.h(5137): error C2156: pragma must be outside function
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\\um\winnt.h(15420): error C2059: syntax error: 'constant'
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\\um\winnt.h(15420): error C2238: unexpected token(s) preceding ';'
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\\um\winnt.h(15439): error C2059: syntax error: 'constant'
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\\um\winnt.h(15439): error C2238: unexpected token(s) preceding ';'
但是,如果我对行#define N 666
发表评论,那么该文件将被编译好。谁能解释一下这里发生了什么?我没理解,docs没有解决任何问题。
答案 0 :(得分:2)
类似对象的宏N
与windows.h
发生冲突,其中包含winnt.h
。
例如:
extern "C++" // templates cannot be declared to have 'C' linkage
template <typename T, size_t N>
char (*RtlpNumberOf( UNALIGNED T (&)[N] ))[N];
我建议尽可能避免使用宏。在C和C ++中,您可以考虑用const对象替换宏定义:
const int N = 666;
(请注意,在C中,您可能会使用static const
,因为const
的默认链接是外部的)
答案 1 :(得分:1)
您不应该使用诸如&#34; N&#34;这样的短名称来定义宏。几乎100%的概率,这将与之后包含的标题内的某些内容发生冲突,如Windows.h:如果在其中的某个地方,则会出现&#34; N&#34;提到,预处理器将用666替换它,可能使程序格式不正确或导致难以调试的其他奇怪的预处理器效果,并且对于头文件的任何用户来说都是一场噩梦,包括你自己。
无论如何,如果你坚持这样做(你真的不应该这样做,特别是在头文件中),请确保在包含任何标题之后#define N:
#include "file1.h"
#include "file2.h"
将解析为
#include <windows.h>
#define N666
顺便说一下预处理器的工作方式,每个翻译单元的顺序非常重要。