Question

TLDR;

我有一个shell脚本，从命令行运行时工作正常，但如果从PHP脚本中调用（通过Web访问）则不行。

在这两种情况下，主叫用户都是www-data。

线路失败的原因是：

openssl genrsa -des3 -out certs/$PCODE.key -passout env:PASSPHRASE 2048

为什么会这样？我该如何调试呢？

全文

我有以下脚本，它是this gist的略微修改版本，用于生成自签名SSL证书。

当我从终端以www-data运行它时，它可以正常运行并生成密钥文件，CSR和SSL证书文件。但是当我从PHP脚本中调用脚本时，它会输出错误并且不会生成任何文件。是什么导致失败？我该怎么调试呢？

来自终端：

 me@machine$ sudo su www-data  
 www-data@machine$ ./gencert.sh acme  
 www-data will generate an SSL cert for acme.dev  
 Command after line 32 executed oK  
 Passphrase expoted as I7gOnWxWd0hOk38Zu ... FbxL3K3Rzlv  
 Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus  
 ..............................................+++  
 .................+++  
 e is 65537 (0x10001)  
 Command after line 49 executed oK  
 Command after line 54 executed oK  
 Command after line 65 executed oK  
 writing RSA key  
 Command after line 69 executed oK  
 Signature ok  
 subject=/C=IR/ST=Alborz/.../emailAddress=noreply@acme.dev  
 Getting Private key  
 Command after line 74 executed oK

产生的文件：

证书/ acme.key.org
证书/ acme.key
证书/ acme.csr
证书/ acme.crt

来自PHP ：

$r = `/var/www/testbench/pm/shell/gencert.sh acme`;
echo $r;

没有生成文件，输出结果为：

www-data will generate an SSL cert for acme.dev
Command after line 32 executed oK
Passphrase expoted as 1Fd1seZoe2XF ... oSmQFJdVpdwOeTo2CK5VjLxp
Error. Return value = 1 after line 49

返回1的行是这样的：
openssl genrsa -des3 -out certs/$PCODE.key -passout env:PASSPHRASE 2048

以下是修改后的shell脚本：

#!/bin/bash

# Bash shell script for generating self-signed certs. Run this in a folder, as it
# generates a few files. Large portions of this script were taken from the
# following artcile:
# 
# http://usrportage.de/archives/919-Batch-generating-SSL-certificates.html
# https://deliciousbrains.com/ssl-certificate-authority-for-local-https-development/
# Additional alterations by: Brad Landers
# Date: 2012-01-27

# Script accepts a single argument, the fqdn for the cert
PCODE="$1"
if [ -z "$PCODE" ]; then
  echo "Usage: $(basename $0) <PCODE>"
  exit 11
fi

THE_USER="$(whoami)"
echo "$THE_USER will generate an SSL cert for $PCODE.dev"

fail_if_error() {
  [ $1 != 0 ] && {
    echo -n "Error. Return value = $1 after line $LASTLINE"
    unset PASSPHRASE
    exit 10
  }
  echo "Command after line $LASTLINE executed oK"
}

# Generate a passphrase
LASTLINE="${LINENO}"
export PASSPHRASE=$(head -c 500 /dev/urandom | tr -dc a-z0-9A-Z | head -c 128; echo)
fail_if_error $?
echo -n "Passphrase expoted as "
printenv PASSPHRASE

# Certificate details; replace items in angle brackets with your own info
subj="
C=IR
ST=Alborz
O=ACME
localityName=Karaj
commonName=*.$PCODE.dev
organizationalUnitName=WebAdmin
emailAddress=noreply@$PCODE.dev
"

LASTLINE="${LINENO}"
# Generate the server private key
openssl genrsa -des3 -out certs/$PCODE.key -passout env:PASSPHRASE 2048
fail_if_error $?

LASTLINE="${LINENO}"
# Generate the CSR
openssl req \
    -new \
    -batch \
    -subj "$(echo -n "$subj" | tr "\n" "/")" \
    -key certs/$PCODE.key \
    -out certs/$PCODE.csr \
    -passin env:PASSPHRASE
fail_if_error $?

LASTLINE="${LINENO}"
cp certs/$PCODE.key certs/$PCODE.key.org
fail_if_error $?

LASTLINE="${LINENO}"
# Strip the password so we don't have to type it every time we restart Apache
openssl rsa -in certs/$PCODE.key.org -out certs/$PCODE.key -passin env:PASSPHRASE
fail_if_error $?

LASTLINE="${LINENO}"
# Generate the cert (good for 10 years)
openssl x509 -req -days 3650 -in certs/$PCODE.csr -signkey certs/$PCODE.key -out certs/$PCODE.crt
fail_if_error $?

Answer 1

您要执行的命令具有相对路径，例如：certs/$PCODE.key。当您执行命令时（在这种情况下通过反引号操作符），路径相对于PHP进程进行扩展＆＃39;当前的工作目录。这很少（如果有的话）与命令shell使用的路径相同。

要对此进行调试，您可以使用strace扩展实际命令，例如：strace openssl ...。这将为您提供相当多的诊断功能，接近最后，您将看到EPERM的内容。

要解决此问题，您可以在PHP中使用chdir来设置当前的工作目录，也可以在脚本中使用cd，或者您的脚本可以使用绝对路径。我更喜欢后者。

从PHP调用的shell脚本问题

TLDR;

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1 个答案: