Question

基本上我想做的是用英文名称转换一些罗马尼亚语的名字。我只想在每个列表中仅转换索引4位置月份，第二个应该保持不变，我会给你举例：

我有这个列表清单：

mylist = [[1,2,3,4,'Septembrie', 'August'], [1,2,3,4,'Martie', 'August'], [1,2,3,4,'Mai', 'August']]

我想要的输出应该是这样的：

mylist = [[1,2,3,4,'September', 'August'], [1,2,3,4,'March', 'August'], [1,2,3,4,'May', 'August']]

对于8月份（在指数5位置），我不想做任何改变，只要保持原样！

我写了这段代码：

conversionsEnNames = {"Ianuarie": "January", "Februarie": "February","Martie": "March", "Aprilie": "April","Mai": "May","Iunie": "June", "Iulie": "July","August": "August", "Septembrie": "September","Octombrie": "October", "Noiembrie": "November","Decembrie": "December"}

mylist = [[1,2,3,4,'Septembrie', 'August'], [1,2,3,4,'Martie', 'August'], [1,2,3,4,'Mai', 'August']]

for i in mylist:
    for j in i:
        if j in conversionsEnNames:
            j = conversionsEnNames[j]
            i[4]=j

但是当我打印mylist时，它会输出：

[[1, 2, 3, 4, 'August', 'August'], [1, 2, 3, 4, 'August', 'August'], [1, 2, 3, 4, 'August', 'August']]

但为什么呢？因为我已经声明了i[4]=j，我有点困惑，所以我如何能够实现我想要的输出，如果可能的话，我更愿意处理我写的有点相同的代码结构，带有dict和for循环，谢谢！！我使用python 3。

Answer 1

您应该使用字典直接访问翻译：

conversionsEnNames = {"Ianuarie": "January", "Februarie": "February","Martie": "March", "Aprilie": "April","Mai": "May","Iunie": "June", "Iulie": "July","August": "August", "Septembrie": "September","Octombrie": "October", "Noiembrie": "November","Decembrie": "December"}

mylist = [[1,2,3,4,'Septembrie', 'August'], [1,2,3,4,'Martie', 'August'], [1,2,3,4,'Mai', 'August']]

for i in mylist:
    month = i[4]
    if month in conversionsEnNames:
        i[4] = conversionsEnNames[month]

print(mylist)

输出：

[[1, 2, 3, 4, 'September', 'August'], [1, 2, 3, 4, 'March', 'August'], [1, 2, 3, 4, 'May', 'August']]

Answer 2

如果在要转换的名称中找到该名称，请将其替换。

for value in mylist:
    if value[4] in conversionsEnNames:
        value[4] = conversionEnNames[value[4]]

Answer 3

我们可以通过向您的循环添加一些print调用来了解您的代码产生该输出的原因。

conversionsEnNames = {
    "Ianuarie": "January", "Februarie": "February", "Martie": "March",
    "Aprilie": "April", "Mai": "May", "Iunie": "June", "Iulie": "July",
    "August": "August", "Septembrie": "September", "Octombrie": "October",
    "Noiembrie": "November", "Decembrie": "December" 
}

mylist = [
    [1, 2, 3, 4, 'Septembrie', 'August'],
    [1, 2, 3, 4, 'Martie', 'August'],
    [1, 2, 3, 4, 'Mai', 'August'],
]

print('Data:')
for row in mylist:
    print(row)
print()

for i in mylist:
    print('i:', i)
    for j in i:
        print(' old j:', j)
        if j in conversionsEnNames:
            j = conversionsEnNames[j]
            print(' new j:', j)
            i[4] = j

<强>输出

Data:
[1, 2, 3, 4, 'Septembrie', 'August']
[1, 2, 3, 4, 'Martie', 'August']
[1, 2, 3, 4, 'Mai', 'August']

i: [1, 2, 3, 4, 'Septembrie', 'August']
 old j: 1
 old j: 2
 old j: 3
 old j: 4
 old j: Septembrie
 new j: September
 old j: August
 new j: August
i: [1, 2, 3, 4, 'Martie', 'August']
 old j: 1
 old j: 2
 old j: 3
 old j: 4
 old j: Martie
 new j: March
 old j: August
 new j: August
i: [1, 2, 3, 4, 'Mai', 'August']
 old j: 1
 old j: 2
 old j: 3
 old j: 4
 old j: Mai
 new j: May
 old j: August
 new j: August

因此执行所需的翻译，但i[4]的翻译会覆盖i[5]。

这是您的代码的修改版本，可以满足您的需求。我们使用if方法而不是使用get来测试密钥是否在翻译词典中，如果密钥不在字典中，则告诉它返回密钥。

english_months = {
    "Ianuarie": "January", "Februarie": "February", "Martie": "March",
    "Aprilie": "April", "Mai": "May", "Iunie": "June", "Iulie": "July",
    "August": "August", "Septembrie": "September", "Octombrie": "October",
    "Noiembrie": "November", "Decembrie": "December" 
}

mylist = [
    [1, 2, 3, 4, 'Septembrie', 'August'],
    [1, 2, 3, 4, 'Martie', 'August'],
    [1, 2, 3, 4, 'Mai', 'August'],
]

print('Original:')
for row in mylist:
    print(row)
print()

for row in mylist:
    month = row[4]
    row[4] = english_months.get(month, month)

print('Translated:')
for row in mylist:
    print(row)

<强>输出

Original:
[1, 2, 3, 4, 'Septembrie', 'August']
[1, 2, 3, 4, 'Martie', 'August']
[1, 2, 3, 4, 'Mai', 'August']

Translated:
[1, 2, 3, 4, 'September', 'August']
[1, 2, 3, 4, 'March', 'August']
[1, 2, 3, 4, 'May', 'August']

Answer 4

如果每个子列表中的name保持在索引4：

for l in mylst: // iterate through list sublists [[sublist1], [sublist2], ... ]
    if l[4] in conversionsEnNames: // check if key exists in dict
        l[4] = conversionsEnNames[l[4]] // supply value of key to sublist index 4

Answer 5

如果你想以你的方式回答你可以简单地添加break，因为在执行if block之后它还会检查最后一个元素。并且在字典“August”键中已经没有任何区别

conversionsEnNames = {"Ianuarie": "January", "Februarie": "February","Martie": "March", "Aprilie": "April","Mai": "May","Iunie": "June", "Iulie": "July","August": "August", "Septembrie": "September","Octombrie": "October", "Noiembrie": "November","Decembrie": "December"}

mylist = [[1,2,3,4,'Septembrie', 'August'], [1,2,3,4,'Martie', 'August'], [1,2,3,4,'Mai', 'August']]

for i in mylist:
    for j in i:
        if j in conversionsEnNames:
            j = conversionsEnNames[j]
            i[4]=j
            break

转换列表月份名称的Dict

5 个答案: