Question

我需要创建一个spring bean的多个实例（让我们称之为MainPrototypeBean），我可以使用prototype范围。它依赖于其他一些bean，我想在每次创建主bean时创建它们的新实例。但是，某些bean之间存在共享依赖关系，我们称之为SharedPrototypeBean。如何在每个依赖bean中注入相同的SharedPrototypeBean实例，同时还为每个MainPrototypeBean创建一个新实例？

我正在考虑实施自定义范围，但我希望找到一种更清洁的方式。制作任何bean单例都不是一种选择，因为它们需要在MainPrototypeBean的不同实例之间隔离。

以下是我尝试做的一个例子：

@SpringBootApplication
public class DIDemo {
    public static void main(String[]args){
        ConfigurableApplicationContext context = SpringApplication.run(DIDemo.class, args);
        context.getBean(MainPrototypeBean.class);
    }

    @Component @Scope("prototype") static class SharedPrototypeBean {}

    @Component @Scope("prototype") static class FirstPrototypeBean {
        @Autowired SharedPrototypeBean shared;
        @PostConstruct public void init() {
            System.out.println("FirstPrototypeBean.init() with shared " + shared);
        }
    }

    @Component @Scope("prototype") static class SecondPrototypeBean {
        @Autowired SharedPrototypeBean shared;
        @PostConstruct public void init() {
            System.out.println("SecondPrototypeBean.init() with shared " + shared);
        }
    }

    @Component @Scope("prototype") static class MainPrototypeBean {
        @Autowired FirstPrototypeBean first;
        @Autowired SecondPrototypeBean second;
    }
}

执行它的输出是：

FirstPrototypeBean.init() with shared DIDemo$SharedPrototypeBean@1b84f475
SecondPrototypeBean.init() with shared DIDemo$SharedPrototypeBean@539d019

Answer 1

您可以将FactoryBean用于复杂构造逻辑。实现其抽象子类AbstractFactoryBean以创建MainPrototypeBean，并将所有三个依赖bean注入其中。然后，您可以使用createInstance方法将它们连接在一起。

FactoryBean实现：

public class MainFactoryBean extends AbstractFactoryBean<MainPrototypeBean> implements FactoryBean<MainPrototypeBean> {

private FirstPrototypeBean firstPrototype;
private SecondPrototypeBean secondPrototpye;
private SharedPrototypeBean sharedPrototype;

public MainFactoryBean(FirstPrototypeBean firstPrototype, SecondPrototypeBean secondPrototype, SharedPrototypeBean sharedPrototype) {
    this.firstPrototype = firstPrototype;
    this.secondPrototpye = secondPrototype;
    this.sharedPrototype = sharedPrototype;
}


@Override
protected MainPrototypeBean createInstance() throws Exception {
    MainPrototypeBean mainPrototype = new MainPrototypeBean();
    firstPrototype.setSharedPrototypeBean(sharedPrototype);
    secondPrototpye.setSharedPrototypeBean(sharedPrototype);
    mainPrototype.first = firstPrototype;
    mainPrototype.second = secondPrototpye;

    //call post construct methods on first and second prototype beans manually 
    firstPrototype.init();
    secondPrototpye.init();
    return mainPrototype;
}

@Override
public Class<?> getObjectType() {
    return MainPrototypeBean.class;
}
}

注意：sharedPrototype是在第一个和第二个原型的生命周期中的后构建阶段之后注入的。因此，如果您在这些需要sharedPrototype的bean中有构造后逻辑，则需要在创建MainPrototypeBean时手动调用init方法。

您的注释 - 配置随之发生变化。 sharedPrototype属性不再自动装配（它们在FactoryBean中设置），并且MainPrototypeBean不再被注释。相反，您需要创建MainFactoryBean。

@Configuration
public class JavaConfig {

//method name is the name refers to MainPrototypeBean, not to the factory
@Bean
@Scope("prototype")
public MainFactoryBean mainPrototypeBean(FirstPrototypeBean firstPrototype, SecondPrototypeBean secondPrototype, SharedPrototypeBean sharedPrototype) {
    return new MainFactoryBean(firstPrototype, secondPrototype, sharedPrototype);
}
//Annotations are not needed anymore
static class MainPrototypeBean {
    FirstPrototypeBean first;
    SecondPrototypeBean second;
}

@Component
@Scope("prototype")
static class SharedPrototypeBean {
}

@Component
@Scope("prototype")
static class FirstPrototypeBean {
    private SharedPrototypeBean shared;
    //no autowiring required
    public void setSharedPrototypeBean(SharedPrototypeBean shared) {
        this.shared = shared;
    }
    @PostConstruct
    public void init() {//reference to shared will be null in post construction phase
        System.out.println("FirstPrototypeBean.init() with shared " + shared);
    }
}

@Component
@Scope("prototype")
static class SecondPrototypeBean {

    private SharedPrototypeBean shared;
    public void setSharedPrototypeBean(SharedPrototypeBean shared) {
        this.shared = shared;
    }

    @PostConstruct
    public void init() {
        System.out.println("SecondPrototypeBean.init() with shared " + shared);
    }
}
}

Answer 2

在阅读了评论和其他答案后，我意识到设计确实太复杂了。我制作了SharedPrototypeBean，FirstPrototypeBean和SecondPrototypeBean常规POJO，不是由Spring管理的。然后我用@Bean带注释的方法创建所有对象。

@Bean
public MainPrototypeBean mainPrototypeBean() {
    Shared shared = new Shared();
    First first = new First(shared);
    Second second = new Second(shared);
    return new MainPrototypeBean(first, second);
}

Spring中的共享原型bean

2 个答案: