我想知道perf stat
中使用的公式来计算原始数据中的数字。
perf stat -e task-clock,cycles,instructions,cache-references,cache-misses ./myapp
1080267.226401 task-clock (msec) # 19.062 CPUs utilized
1,592,123,216,789 cycles # 1.474 GHz (50.00%)
871,190,006,655 instructions # 0.55 insn per cycle (75.00%)
3,697,548,810 cache-references # 3.423 M/sec (75.00%)
459,457,321 cache-misses # 12.426 % of all cache refs (75.00%)
在这种情况下,如何从缓存引用计算M / sec?
答案 0 :(得分:2)
公式似乎没有在builtin-stat.c
(default event sets for perf stat
are defined)中实施,但可能会在and averaged中计算(perf_stat__print_shadow_stats()
带stddev)(以及一些统计信息)被收集到perf_stat__update_shadow_stats()
)中的数组中:
http://elixir.free-electrons.com/linux/v4.13.4/source/tools/perf/util/stat-shadow.c#L626
计算HW_INSTRUCTIONS时: "每个时钟的指令" = HW_INSTRUCTIONS / HW_CPU_CYCLES; "每个指令的停顿周期" = HW_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONTEND / HW_INSTRUCTIONS
if (perf_evsel__match(evsel, HARDWARE, HW_INSTRUCTIONS)) {
total = avg_stats(&runtime_cycles_stats[ctx][cpu]);
if (total) {
ratio = avg / total;
print_metric(ctxp, NULL, "%7.2f ",
"insn per cycle", ratio);
} else {
print_metric(ctxp, NULL, NULL, "insn per cycle", 0);
}
分支未命中来自print_branch_misses
为HW_BRANCH_MISSES / HW_BRANCH_INSTRUCTIONS
在perf_stat__print_shadow_stats()
中有几个缓存未命中率计算,就像HW_CACHE_MISSES / HW_CACHE_REFERENCES和一些更详细的(perf stat -d
模式)。
将百分比are computed停止为HW_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONTEND / HW_CPU_CYCLES和HW_STALLED_CYCLES_BACKEND / HW_CPU_CYCLES
GHz计算为HW_CPU_CYCLES / runtime_nsecs_stats,其中runtime_nsecs_stats
自2010年起在LKML中从任何软件事件task-clock
或cpu-clock
(SW_TASK_CLOCK& SW_CPU_CLOCK,We still know no exact difference between them two更新和2014年在SO)
if (perf_evsel__match(counter, SOFTWARE, SW_TASK_CLOCK) ||
perf_evsel__match(counter, SOFTWARE, SW_CPU_CLOCK))
update_stats(&runtime_nsecs_stats[cpu], count[0]);
还有several formulas for transactions(perf stat -T
模式)。
"CPU utilized" is from task-clock
或cpu-clock
/ walltime_nsecs_stats,其中walltime由the perf stat itself (in userspace使用墙上的时钟计算(天文时间):
static inline unsigned long long rdclock(void)
{
struct timespec ts;
clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts);
return ts.tv_sec * 1000000000ULL + ts.tv_nsec;
}
...
static int __run_perf_stat(int argc, const char **argv)
{
...
/*
* Enable counters and exec the command:
*/
t0 = rdclock();
clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ref_time);
if (forks) {
....
}
t1 = rdclock();
update_stats(&walltime_nsecs_stats, t1 - t0);
自上而下方法(some estimations,Tuning Applications Using a Top-down Microarchitecture Analysis Method,Software Optimizations Become Simple with Top-Down Analysis .. Name Skylake, IDF2015中的#22还有Gregg's Methodology List。2016年由Andi Kleen https://lwn.net/Articles/688335/描述"将自上而下的指标添加到perf stat"(perf stat --topdown -I 1000 cmd
模式)。
最后,如果目前的印刷活动没有确切的公式,那么通用"%c / sec" (K / sec或M / sec)度量标准:http://elixir.free-electrons.com/linux/v4.13.4/source/tools/perf/util/stat-shadow.c#L845任何除以运行时nsec(任务时钟或cpu-clock事件,如果它们出现在perf stat
事件集中)
} else if (runtime_nsecs_stats[cpu].n != 0) {
char unit = 'M';
char unit_buf[10];
total = avg_stats(&runtime_nsecs_stats[cpu]);
if (total)
ratio = 1000.0 * avg / total;
if (ratio < 0.001) {
ratio *= 1000;
unit = 'K';
}
snprintf(unit_buf, sizeof(unit_buf), "%c/sec", unit);
print_metric(ctxp, NULL, "%8.3f", unit_buf, ratio);
}