如何判断javascript迭代器是否提前终止?

时间:2017-09-25 21:26:00

标签: javascript typescript iterator generator async-iterator

假设我有一台发电机:

function* source() {
  yield "hello"; yield "world";
}

我创建了iterable,使用for循环进行迭代,然后在迭代器完全完成之前退出循环(返回完成)。

function run() {
  for (let item of source()) {
    console.log(item);
    break;
  }
}

问题:如何从迭代方面找出迭代器提前终止?

如果您尝试直接在生成器本身中执行此操作,似乎没有任何反馈:

function* source2() {
  try {
    let result = yield "hello";
    console.log("foo");
  } catch (err) {
    console.log("bar");
  }
}

...既未记录“foo”也未记录“bar”。

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:3)

我注意到typescript将Iterator(lib.es2015)定义为:

interface Iterator<T> {
  next(value?: any): IteratorResult<T>;
  return?(value?: any): IteratorResult<T>;
  throw?(e?: any): IteratorResult<T>;
} 

我拦截了这些方法和记录调用,看起来如果迭代器提前终止 - 至少通过for-loop - 那么调用return方法。 如果消费者抛出错误,也会调用它。如果允许循环完全迭代,则迭代器return 被调用。

Return hack

所以,我做了一些hack来允许捕获另一个可迭代 - 所以我不必重新实现迭代器。

function terminated(iterable, cb) {
  return {
    [Symbol.iterator]() {
      const it = iterable[Symbol.iterator]();
      it.return = function (value) {
        cb(value);
        return { done: true, value: undefined };
      }
      return it;
    }
  }
}

function* source() {
  yield "hello"; yield "world";
}

function source2(){
  return terminated(source(), () => { console.log("foo") });
}


for (let item of source2()) {
  console.log(item);
  break;
}

它有效!

  你好   FOO

删除break,然后获得:

  你好   世界   

在每个yield

之后检查

在输入这个答案时,我意识到更好的问题/解决方案是找出原始生成器方法中的

我能看到将信息传递回原始可迭代的唯一方法是使用next(value)。因此,如果我们选择一些唯一值(比如Symbol.for("terminated"))来表示终止,我们会更改上述返回黑客以致电it.next(Symbol.for("terminated"))

function* source() {
  let terminated = yield "hello";
  if (terminated == Symbol.for("terminated")) {
    console.log("FooBar!");
    return;
  }
  yield "world";
}

function terminator(iterable) {
  return {
    [Symbol.iterator]() {
      const it = iterable[Symbol.iterator]();
      const $return = it.return;
      it.return = function (value) {
        it.next(Symbol.for("terminated"));
        return $return.call(it)
      }
      return it;
    }
  }
}

for (let item of terminator(source())) {
  console.log(item);
  break;
}

成功!

  你好   FooBar的!

Chaining Cascades Return

如果你链接一些额外的变换迭代器,那么return调用将通过它们全部级联:

function* chain(source) {
  for (let item of source) { yield item; }
}

for (let item of chain(chain(terminator(source())))) {
  console.log(item);
  break
}
  你好   FooBar的!

封装

我已经包含了上述解决方案as a package。它同时支持[Symbol.iterator][Symbol.asyncIterator]。异步迭代器的情况对我来说特别有意义,特别是当某些资源需要正确处理时。

答案 1 :(得分:3)

有一种更简单的方法来做到这一点:使用 finally 块。

function *source() {
  let i;

  try {
    for(i = 0; i < 5; i++)
      yield i;
  }
  finally {
    if(i !== 5)
      console.log('  terminated early');
  }
}

console.log('First:')

for(const val of source()) {
  console.log(`  ${val}`);
}

console.log('Second:')

for(const val of source()) {
  console.log(`  ${val}`);

  if(val > 2)
    break;
}

...收益:

First:
  0
  1
  2
  3
  4
Second:
  0
  1
  2
  3
  terminated early

答案 2 :(得分:0)

我遇到了类似的问题,需要弄清楚迭代器何时提前终止。公认的答案确实很聪明,并且可能是一般性地解决问题的最佳方法,但我认为这种解决方案也可能对其他用例有用。

例如,您有一个无限的可迭代对象,例如MDN's Iterators and Generators docs中描述的斐波那契序列。

在任何种类的循环中,都需要设置一个条件以尽早脱离循环,就像已经给出的解决方案一样。但是,如果要分解可迭代对象以创建值数组怎么办?在这种情况下,您希望限制迭代次数,实际上是在可迭代对象上设置最大长度。

为此,我编写了一个名为limitIterable的函数,该函数将一个可迭代的迭代限制和一个可选的回调函数作为参数,以防迭代器提前终止。返回值是使用Immediately Invoked (Generator) Function Expression创建的Generator对象(既是迭代器又是可迭代)。

执行生成器时,无论是在for..of循环中,使用解构还是通过调用next()方法,它都会检查是查看iterator.next().done === true还是iterationCount < iterationLimit。在像斐波那契数列这样的无限迭代的情况下,后者将始终导致while循环退出。但是,请注意,也可以将迭代限制设置为大于某个有限可迭代的长度,并且一切仍然可以进行。

无论哪种情况,一旦退出while循环,都会检查最新结果以查看迭代器是否完成。如果是这样,将使用原始的Iterable返回值。如果没有,则执行可选的回调函数并将其用作返回值。

请注意,此代码还允许用户将值传递到next(),而后者又将传递给原始的可迭代对象(请参见示例中使用MDN的fibonacci序列的示例)。除了在回调函数中设置的迭代限制之外,它还允许对next()的其他调用。

运行代码片段以查看一些可能的用例的结果!以下是limitIterable函数代码:

function limitIterable(iterable, iterationLimit, callback = (itCount, result, it) => undefined) {
   // callback will be executed if iterator terminates early
   if (!(Symbol.iterator in Object(iterable))) {
      throw new Error('First argument must be iterable');
   }
   if (iterationLimit < 1 || !Number.isInteger(iterationLimit)) {
      throw new Error('Second argument must be an integer greater than or equal to 1');
   }
   if (!(callback instanceof Function)) {
      throw new Error('Third argument must be a function');
   }
   return (function* () {
      const iterator = iterable[Symbol.iterator]();
      // value passed to the first invocation of next() is always ignored, so no need to pass argument to next() outside of while loop
      let result = iterator.next();
      let iterationCount = 0;
      while (!result.done && iterationCount < iterationLimit) {
         const nextArg = yield result.value;
         result = iterator.next(nextArg);
         iterationCount++;
      }
      if (result.done) {
         // iterator has been fully consumed, so result.value will be the iterator's return value (the value present alongside done: true)
         return result.value;
      } else {
         // iteration was terminated before completion (note that iterator will still accept calls to next() inside the callback function)
         return callback(iterationCount, result, iterator);
      }
   })();
}

function limitIterable(iterable, iterationLimit, callback = (itCount, result, it) => undefined) {
   // callback will be executed if iterator terminates early
   if (!(Symbol.iterator in Object(iterable))) {
      throw new Error('First argument must be iterable');
   }
   if (iterationLimit < 1 || !Number.isInteger(iterationLimit)) {
      throw new Error('Second argument must be an integer greater than or equal to 1');
   }
   if (!(callback instanceof Function)) {
      throw new Error('Third argument must be a function');
   }
   return (function* () {
      const iterator = iterable[Symbol.iterator]();
      // value passed to the first invocation of next() is always ignored, so no need to pass argument to next() outside of while loop
      let result = iterator.next();
      let iterationCount = 0;
      while (!result.done && iterationCount < iterationLimit) {
         const nextArg = yield result.value;
         result = iterator.next(nextArg);
         iterationCount++;
      }
      if (result.done) {
         // iterator has been fully consumed, so result.value will be the iterator's return value (the value present alongside done: true)
         return result.value;
      } else {
         // iteration was terminated before completion (note that iterator will still accept calls to next() inside the callback function)
         return callback(iterationCount, result, iterator);
      }
   })();
}

// EXAMPLE USAGE //
// fibonacci function from:
//https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Iterators_and_Generators#Advanced_generators
function* fibonacci() {
   let fn1 = 0;
   let fn2 = 1;
   while (true) {
      let current = fn1;
      fn1 = fn2;
      fn2 = current + fn1;
      let reset = yield current;
      if (reset) {
         fn1 = 0;
         fn2 = 1;
      }
   }
}

console.log('String iterable with 26 characters terminated early after 10 iterations, destructured into an array. Callback reached.');
const itString = limitIterable('abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz', 10, () => console.log('callback: string terminated early'));
console.log([...itString]);
console.log('Array iterable with length 3 terminates before limit of 4 is reached. Callback not reached.');
const itArray = limitIterable([1,2,3], 4, () => console.log('callback: array terminated early?'));
for (const val of itArray) {
   console.log(val);
}

const fib = fibonacci();
const fibLimited = limitIterable(fibonacci(), 9, (itCount) => console.warn(`Iteration terminated early at fibLimited. ${itCount} iterations completed.`));
console.log('Fibonacci sequences are equivalent up to 9 iterations, as shown in MDN docs linked above.');
console.log('Limited fibonacci: 11 calls to next() but limited to 9 iterations; reset on 8th call')
console.log(fibLimited.next().value);
console.log(fibLimited.next().value);
console.log(fibLimited.next().value);
console.log(fibLimited.next().value);
console.log(fibLimited.next().value);
console.log(fibLimited.next().value);
console.log(fibLimited.next().value);
console.log(fibLimited.next(true).value);
console.log(fibLimited.next().value);
console.log(fibLimited.next().value);
console.log(fibLimited.next().value);
console.log('Original (infinite) fibonacci: 11 calls to next(); reset on 8th call')
console.log(fib.next().value);
console.log(fib.next().value);
console.log(fib.next().value);
console.log(fib.next().value);
console.log(fib.next().value);
console.log(fib.next().value);
console.log(fib.next().value);
console.log(fib.next(true).value);
console.log(fib.next().value);
console.log(fib.next().value);
console.log(fib.next().value);