我正在尝试从 Server B （Ubuntu 16.04）远程连接到 Server A （Ubuntu 16.04）。我可以在服务器A 上使用远程@ [服务器A IP]使用MySQL，但我无法从服务器B访问该用户。我已经完成了检查ufw防火墙，配置文件的过程和MySQL用户，但我似乎无法找到问题所在。我可以通过哪些步骤提供更多信息，或者我提供的一些信息中存在哪些问题？
带数据库的服务器A
配置文件
/etc/mysql/my.cnf
# The MariaDB configuration file
#
# The MariaDB/MySQL tools read configuration files in the following order:
# 1. "/etc/mysql/mariadb.cnf" (this file) to set global defaults,
# 2. "/etc/mysql/conf.d/*.cnf" to set global options.
# 3. "/etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/*.cnf" to set MariaDB-only options.
# 4. "~/.my.cnf" to set user-specific options.
#
# If the same option is defined multiple times, the last one will apply.
#
# One can use all long options that the program supports.
# Run program with --help to get a list of available options and with
# --print-defaults to see which it would actually understand and use.
#
# This group is read both both by the client and the server
# use it for options that affect everything
#
[client-server]
# Import all .cnf files from configuration directory
!includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/
!includedir /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/
[mysqld]
innodb-file-format=barracuda
innodb-file-per-table=1
innodb-large-prefix=1
character-set-client-handshake = FALSE
character-set-server = utf8mb4
collation-server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci
[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8mb4
/etc/mysql/mariadb.cnf
# The MariaDB configuration file
#
# The MariaDB/MySQL tools read configuration files in the following order:
# 1. "/etc/mysql/mariadb.cnf" (this file) to set global defaults,
# 2. "/etc/mysql/conf.d/*.cnf" to set global options.
# 3. "/etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/*.cnf" to set MariaDB-only options.
# 4. "~/.my.cnf" to set user-specific options.
#
# If the same option is defined multiple times, the last one will apply.
#
# One can use all long options that the program supports.
# Run program with --help to get a list of available options and with
# --print-defaults to see which it would actually understand and use.
#
# This group is read both both by the client and the server
# use it for options that affect everything
#
[client-server]
# Import all .cnf files from configuration directory
!includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/
!includedir /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/
[mysqld]
innodb-file-format=barracuda
innodb-file-per-table=1
innodb-large-prefix=1
character-set-client-handshake = FALSE
character-set-server = utf8mb4
collation-server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci
[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8mb4
/etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-server.cnf
#
# These groups are read by MariaDB server.
# Use it for options that only the server (but not clients) should see
#
# See the examples of server my.cnf files in /usr/share/mysql/
#
# this is read by the standalone daemon and embedded servers
[server]
# this is only for the mysqld standalone daemon
[mysqld]
#
# * Basic Settings
#
user = mysql
pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
port = 3306
basedir = /usr
datadir = /var/lib/mysql
tmpdir = /tmp
lc-messages-dir = /usr/share/mysql
skip-external-locking
# Instead of skip-networking the default is now to listen only on
# localhost which is more compatible and is not less secure.
# Bind to all addresses
# bind-address = 127.0.0.1
#
# * Fine Tuning
#
key_buffer_size = 16M
max_allowed_packet = 16M
thread_stack = 192K
thread_cache_size = 8
# This replaces the startup script and checks MyISAM tables if needed
# the first time they are touched
myisam-recover = BACKUP
#max_connections = 100
#table_cache = 64
#thread_concurrency = 10
#
# * Query Cache Configuration
#
query_cache_limit = 1M
query_cache_size = 16M
#
# * Logging and Replication
#
# Both location gets rotated by the cronjob.
# Be aware that this log type is a performance killer.
# As of 5.1 you can enable the log at runtime!
#general_log_file = /var/log/mysql/mysql.log
#general_log = 1
#
# Error log - should be very few entries.
#
log_error = /var/log/mysql/error.log
#
# Enable the slow query log to see queries with especially long duration
#slow_query_log_file = /var/log/mysql/mariadb-slow.log
#long_query_time = 10
#log_slow_rate_limit = 1000
#log_slow_verbosity = query_plan
#log-queries-not-using-indexes
#
# The following can be used as easy to replay backup logs or for replication.
# note: if you are setting up a replication slave, see README.Debian about
# other settings you may need to change.
#server-id = 1
#log_bin = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log
expire_logs_days = 10
max_binlog_size = 100M
#binlog_do_db = include_database_name
#binlog_ignore_db = include_database_name
#
# * InnoDB
#
# InnoDB is enabled by default with a 10MB datafile in /var/lib/mysql/.
# Read the manual for more InnoDB related options. There are many!
#
# * Security Features
#
# Read the manual, too, if you want chroot!
# chroot = /var/lib/mysql/
#
# For generating SSL certificates I recommend the OpenSSL GUI "tinyca".
#
# ssl-ca=/etc/mysql/cacert.pem
# ssl-cert=/etc/mysql/server-cert.pem
# ssl-key=/etc/mysql/server-key.pem
#
# * Character sets
#
# MySQL/MariaDB default is Latin1, but in Debian we rather default to the full
# utf8 4-byte character set. See also client.cnf
#
character-set-server = utf8mb4
collation-server = utf8mb4_general_ci
#
# * Unix socket authentication plugin is built-in since 10.0.22-6
#
# Needed so the root database user can authenticate without a password but
# only when running as the unix root user.
#
# Also available for other users if required.
# See https://mariadb.com/kb/en/unix_socket-authentication-plugin/
# this is only for embedded server
[embedded]
# This group is only read by MariaDB servers, not by MySQL.
# If you use the same .cnf file for MySQL and MariaDB,
# you can put MariaDB-only options here
[mariadb]
# This group is only read by MariaDB-10.0 servers.
# If you use the same .cnf file for MariaDB of different versions,
# use this group for options that older servers don't understand
[mariadb-10.0]
命令的结果
$ netstat -nat |grep :3306
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 127.0.0.1:54160 127.0.0.1:3306 ESTABLISHED
tcp6 0 0 127.0.0.1:53974 127.0.0.1:3306 ESTABLISHED
tcp6 0 0 127.0.0.1:3306 127.0.0.1:42564 ESTABLISHED
tcp6 0 0 127.0.0.1:42566 127.0.0.1:3306 ESTABLISHED
tcp6 0 0 127.0.0.1:3306 127.0.0.1:49010 ESTABLISHED
tcp6 0 0 127.0.0.1:3306 127.0.0.1:39372 ESTABLISHED
tcp6 0 0 127.0.0.1:54104 127.0.0.1:3306 ESTABLISHED
tcp6 0 0 127.0.0.1:42576 127.0.0.1:3306 ESTABLISHED
tcp6 0 0 127.0.0.1:49178 127.0.0.1:3306 TIME_WAIT
tcp6 0 0 127.0.0.1:3306 127.0.0.1:39326 ESTABLISHED
tcp6 0 0 127.0.0.1:39266 127.0.0.1:3306 ESTABLISHED
tcp6 0 0 127.0.0.1:3306 127.0.0.1:53976 ESTABLISHED
tcp6 0 0 127.0.0.1:49142 127.0.0.1:3306 ESTABLISHED
tcp6 0 0 127.0.0.1:3306 127.0.0.1:49494 ESTABLISHED
tcp6 0 0 127.0.0.1:42590 127.0.0.1:3306 ESTABLISHED
tcp6 0 0 127.0.0.1:3306 127.0.0.1:54104 ESTABLISHED
tcp6 0 0 127.0.0.1:3306 127.0.0.1:39264 ESTABLISHED
tcp6 0 0 127.0.0.1:49434 127.0.0.1:3306 ESTABLISHED
tcp6 0 0 127.0.0.1:49216 127.0.0.1:3306 ESTABLISHED
tcp6 0 0 127.0.0.1:49010 127.0.0.1:3306 ESTABLISHED
tcp6 0 0 127.0.0.1:39372 127.0.0.1:3306 ESTABLISHED
tcp6 0 0 127.0.0.1:3306 127.0.0.1:49142 ESTABLISHED
tcp6 0 0 127.0.0.1:3306 127.0.0.1:42590 ESTABLISHED
tcp6 0 0 127.0.0.1:54162 127.0.0.1:3306 ESTABLISHED
tcp6 0 0 127.0.0.1:54106 127.0.0.1:3306 ESTABLISHED
tcp6 0 0 127.0.0.1:49494 127.0.0.1:3306 ESTABLISHED
tcp6 0 0 127.0.0.1:3306 127.0.0.1:42576 ESTABLISHED
tcp6 0 0 127.0.0.1:3306 127.0.0.1:49434 ESTABLISHED
tcp6 0 0 127.0.0.1:3306 127.0.0.1:54160 ESTABLISHED
tcp6 0 0 127.0.0.1:3306 127.0.0.1:53974 ESTABLISHED
tcp6 0 0 127.0.0.1:39264 127.0.0.1:3306 ESTABLISHED
tcp6 0 0 127.0.0.1:3306 127.0.0.1:42566 ESTABLISHED
tcp6 0 0 127.0.0.1:3306 127.0.0.1:49216 ESTABLISHED
tcp6 0 0 127.0.0.1:39326 127.0.0.1:3306 ESTABLISHED
tcp6 0 0 127.0.0.1:3306 127.0.0.1:54162 ESTABLISHED
tcp6 0 0 127.0.0.1:3306 127.0.0.1:39266 ESTABLISHED
tcp6 0 0 127.0.0.1:42564 127.0.0.1:3306 ESTABLISHED
tcp6 0 0 127.0.0.1:53976 127.0.0.1:3306 ESTABLISHED
tcp6 0 0 127.0.0.1:3306 127.0.0.1:54106 ESTABLISHED
另外
MariaDB [(none)]> SELECT User, Host FROM mysql.user WHERE Host <> 'localhost';
+--------+---------------+
| User | Host |
+--------+---------------+
| remote | [ Server A IP ] |
+--------+---------------+
和
ufw status | grep 3306
3306 ALLOW [ Server B IP ]
服务器B尝试连接到服务器A
$ mysql -u remote -h [ Server A IP ] -p
Enter password:
ERROR 2003 (HY000): Can't connect to MySQL server on '[ Server A IP ]' (111 "Connection refused")
也
ufw status | grep 3306
3306 ALLOW [ Server A IP ]
和
telnet 158.69.174.80 3306
Trying 158.69.174.80...
telnet: Unable to connect to remote host: Connection refused
答案 0 :(得分：4)
您可以在此处查看您的问题
MariaDB [(none)]> SELECT User, Host FROM mysql.user WHERE Host <> 'localhost';
+--------+---------------+
| User | Host |
+--------+---------------+
| remote | [ Server A IP ] |
+--------+---------------+
你真的需要[Server B IP]这里
GRANT ALL ON <DB>.* TO 'remote'@'server_B_IP';
这应该这样做。
答案 1 :(得分：0)
将MYSQL绑定地址设置为0.0.0.0，因为默认情况下它通常只会监听127.0.0.1。
RUN sed -i -e"s/^bind-address\s*=\s*127.0.0.1/bind-address = 0.0.0.0/" /etc/mysql/my.cnf
答案 2 :(得分：0)
问题是因为MySQL用户{user}@{IP}具有{IP}作为MySQL主机服务器的IP，而不是连接到主机的服务器的IP; {IP}用于连接服务器的客户端的IP。