如何在bash中组合getopts和位置参数?

时间:2017-09-21 19:23:12

标签: bash shell parameters getopts

我想同时使用getopts和位置参数,但如果我将位置参数传递给程序,则getopts会丢失。

directory=$1

while getopts l: flag; do
  case "$flag" in
    l) level=$OPTARG;;
  esac
done

if [ -n "$level" ]; then
  echo "Level exist!"
else
  echo "Level doesn't exist!"
fi

所以当我运行这样的程序时:

sh myprogram.sh ~/documents -l 2

我期待:

Level exist!

而是返回:

Level doesn't exist!

问题是,如果我运行没有位置参数(〜/ documents)的程序,如下所示:

sh myprogram.sh -l 2

我得到了正确的输出:

Level exist!

为什么?如何在bash中使用位置参数和getopts

谢谢!

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:4)

大多数工具都是以tool [options] arg ...

的形式编写的

所以你会这样做:

# first, parse the options:
while getopts l: flag; do
  case "$flag" in
    l) level=$OPTARG;;
    \?) exit 42;;
  esac
done

# and shift them away
shift $((OPTIND - 1))

# validation
if [ -n "$level" ]; then
  echo "Level exist!"
else
  echo "Level doesn't exist!"
fi

# THEN, access the positional params
echo "there are $# positional params remaining"
for ((i=1; i<=$#; i++)); do
  printf "%d\t%s\n" $i "${!i}"
done

如果用户提供未知选项或未能提供必需参数,请使用\?中止脚本

并调用它:

$ bash test.sh
Level doesn't exist!
there are 0 positional params remaining

$ bash test.sh -l 2
Level exist!
there are 0 positional params remaining

$ bash test.sh -l 2 foo bar
Level exist!
there are 2 positional params remaining
1   foo
2   bar

$ bash test.sh -x
test.sh: illegal option -- x

$ bash test.sh -l
test.sh: option requires an argument -- l

但你不能将参数放在参数后面:getopts在找到第一个非选项参数时停止

$ bash test.sh foo bar -l 2
Level doesn't exist!
there are 4 positional params remaining
1   foo
2   bar
3   -l
4   2