在应用程序引擎灵活的环境中，我尝试使用GIS扩展在postgresql db上运行django。可以在本地运行，并最终成功部署到云。但是，当从云运行时，我得到一个错误：服务器错误＆＃34;并且日志文件具有如下所示的跟踪。
基本上，它说它无法读取文件夹中的文件＆＃34; /env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/gdal"。那个文件夹肯定在本地。这里有完整的痕迹：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 578, in spawn_worker
worker.init_process()
File "/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/base.py", line 126, in init_process
self.load_wsgi()
File "/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/base.py", line 135, in load_wsgi
self.wsgi = self.app.wsgi()
File "/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/gunicorn/app/base.py", line 67, in wsgi
self.callable = self.load()
File "/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 65, in load
return self.load_wsgiapp()
File "/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 52, in load_wsgiapp
return util.import_app(self.app_uri)
File "/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/gunicorn/util.py", line 352, in import_app
__import__(module)
File "/home/vmagent/app/mysite/wsgi.py", line 22, in <module>
application = get_wsgi_application()
File "/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/wsgi.py", line 13, in get_wsgi_application
django.setup(set_prefix=False)
File "/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 27, in setup
apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
File "/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 108, in populate
app_config.import_models()
File "/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/apps/config.py", line 202, in import_models
self.models_module = import_module(models_module_name)
File "/env/lib/python3.5/importlib/__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
File "/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/models.py", line 4, in <module>
from django.contrib.auth.base_user import AbstractBaseUser, BaseUserManager
File "/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/base_user.py", line 52, in <module>
class AbstractBaseUser(models.Model):
File "/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 124, in __new__
new_class.add_to_class('_meta', Options(meta, app_label))
File "/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 331, in add_to_class
value.contribute_to_class(cls, name)
File "/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/models/options.py", line 214, in contribute_to_class
self.db_table = truncate_name(self.db_table, connection.ops.max_name_length())
File "/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/__init__.py", line 33, in __getattr__
return getattr(connections[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS], item)
File "/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 211, in __getitem__
backend = load_backend(db['ENGINE'])
File "/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 115, in load_backend
return import_module('%s.base' % backend_name)
File "/env/lib/python3.5/importlib/__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
File "/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/postgis/base.py", line 6, in <module>
from .features import DatabaseFeatures
File "/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/postgis/features.py", line 1, in <module>
from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.base.features import BaseSpatialFeatures
File "/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/base/features.py", line 4, in <module>
from django.contrib.gis.db.models import aggregates
File "/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/models/__init__.py", line 3, in <module>
from django.contrib.gis.db.models.aggregates import * # NOQA
File "/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/models/aggregates.py", line 1, in <module>
from django.contrib.gis.db.models.fields import ExtentField
File "/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/models/fields.py", line 3, in <module>
from django.contrib.gis import forms, gdal
File "/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/forms/__init__.py", line 3, in <module>
from .fields import ( # NOQA
File "/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/forms/fields.py", line 4, in <module>
from django.contrib.gis.geos import GEOSException, GEOSGeometry
File "/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/geos/__init__.py", line 5, in <module>
from .collections import ( # NOQA
File "/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/geos/collections.py", line 11, in <module>
from django.contrib.gis.geos.geometry import GEOSGeometry, LinearGeometryMixin
File "/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/geos/geometry.py", line 11, in <module>
from django.contrib.gis import gdal
File "/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/gdal/__init__.py", line 28, in <module>
from django.contrib.gis.gdal.datasource import DataSource
File "/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/gdal/datasource.py", line 39, in <module>
from django.contrib.gis.gdal.driver import Driver
File "/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/gdal/driver.py", line 5, in <module>
from django.contrib.gis.gdal.prototypes import ds as vcapi, raster as rcapi
File "/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/gdal/prototypes/ds.py", line 9, in <module>
from django.contrib.gis.gdal.libgdal import GDAL_VERSION, lgdal
File "/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/gdal/libgdal.py", line 49, in <module>
lgdal = CDLL(lib_path)
File "/opt/python3.5/lib/python3.5/ctypes/__init__.py", line 351, in __init__
self._handle = _dlopen(self._name, mode)
OSError: /env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/gdal: cannot read file data: Is a directory
在ubuntu 16.04上开发。
我从简单的＆＃34; pip install django＆＃34;开始在virtualenv里面，创造了＆＃34; django / contrib / gis / gdal＆＃34;说在部署时缺少的文件夹。我已经尝试了其他几种安装GDAL的方法，以确保没有丢失的头文件。还升级到Google Cloud SDK 171和gsutil 4.27。尝试在requirements.txt中包含GDAL == 2.1.3，但后来出现了构建错误，因此删除了它。我也试过＆＃34; pip freeze＆＃34;确保requirements.txt包含所有必需的包。
最后，我按照本教程从头开始：https://cloud.google.com/python/django/flexible-environment。我没有在本地postgreSQL数据库上进行测试，而是直接进入以前使用过的Cloud SQL实例（需要使用表格）。这次我用的是python2.7。
它仍在本地运行正常，但现在缺少文件夹＆＃34; /env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/gdal"在堆栈跟踪中。这里有完整的痕迹：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 578, in spawn_worker
worker.init_process()
File "/env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/base.py", line 126, in init_process
self.load_wsgi()
File "/env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/base.py", line 135, in load_wsgi
self.wsgi = self.app.wsgi()
File "/env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/base.py", line 67, in wsgi
self.callable = self.load()
File "/env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 65, in load
return self.load_wsgiapp()
File "/env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 52, in load_wsgiapp
return util.import_app(self.app_uri)
File "/env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/util.py", line 352, in import_app
__import__(module)
File "/home/vmagent/app/mysite/wsgi.py", line 22, in <module>
application = get_wsgi_application()
File "/env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/wsgi.py", line 13, in get_wsgi_application
django.setup(set_prefix=False)
File "/env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 27, in setup
apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
File "/env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 108, in populate
app_config.import_models()
File "/env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/apps/config.py", line 202, in import_models
self.models_module = import_module(models_module_name)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 37, in import_module
__import__(name)
File "/env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/models.py", line 4, in <module>
from django.contrib.auth.base_user import AbstractBaseUser, BaseUserManager
File "/env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/base_user.py", line 52, in <module>
class AbstractBaseUser(models.Model):
File "/env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 124, in __new__
new_class.add_to_class('_meta', Options(meta, app_label))
File "/env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 331, in add_to_class
value.contribute_to_class(cls, name)
File "/env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/models/options.py", line 214, in contribute_to_class
self.db_table = truncate_name(self.db_table, connection.ops.max_name_length())
File "/env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/__init__.py", line 33, in __getattr__
return getattr(connections[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS], item)
File "/env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 211, in __getitem__
backend = load_backend(db['ENGINE'])
File "/env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 115, in load_backend
return import_module('%s.base' % backend_name)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 37, in import_module
__import__(name)
File "/env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/postgis/base.py", line 6, in <module>
from .features import DatabaseFeatures
File "/env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/postgis/features.py", line 1, in <module>
from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.base.features import BaseSpatialFeatures
File "/env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/base/features.py", line 4, in <module>
from django.contrib.gis.db.models import aggregates
File "/env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/models/__init__.py", line 3, in <module>
from django.contrib.gis.db.models.aggregates import * # NOQA
File "/env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/models/aggregates.py", line 1, in <module>
from django.contrib.gis.db.models.fields import ExtentField
File "/env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/models/fields.py", line 3, in <module>
from django.contrib.gis import forms, gdal
File "/env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/forms/__init__.py", line 3, in <module>
from .fields import ( # NOQA
File "/env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/forms/fields.py", line 4, in <module>
from django.contrib.gis.geos import GEOSException, GEOSGeometry
File "/env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/geos/__init__.py", line 5, in <module>
from .collections import ( # NOQA
File "/env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/geos/collections.py", line 11, in <module>
from django.contrib.gis.geos.geometry import GEOSGeometry, LinearGeometryMixin
File "/env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/geos/geometry.py", line 11, in <module>
from django.contrib.gis import gdal
File "/env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/gdal/__init__.py", line 28, in <module>
from django.contrib.gis.gdal.datasource import DataSource
File "/env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/gdal/datasource.py", line 39, in <module>
from django.contrib.gis.gdal.driver import Driver
File "/env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/gdal/driver.py", line 5, in <module>
from django.contrib.gis.gdal.prototypes import ds as vcapi, raster as rcapi
File "/env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/gdal/prototypes/ds.py", line 9, in <module>
from django.contrib.gis.gdal.libgdal import GDAL_VERSION, lgdal
File "/env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/gdal/libgdal.py", line 45, in <module>
% '", "'.join(lib_names)
ImproperlyConfigured: Could not find the GDAL library (tried "gdal", "GDAL", "gdal2.1.0", "gdal2.0.0", "gdal1.11.0", "gdal1.10.0", "gdal1.9.0"). Is GDAL installed? If it is, try setting GDAL_LIBRARY_PATH in your settings.
非常感谢任何帮助。
丹
答案 0 :(得分：5)
app引擎灵活的环境附带了此处列出的C库：https://cloud.google.com/appengine/docs/flexible/python/runtime
由于GDAL是一个不属于标准运行时的C库，我不得不使用Docker容器构建自定义环境。诀窍是安装GDAL以及requirements.txt和Python3中必要的python库，然后通过gunicorn启动django应用程序。
这是我的Dockerfile：
FROM gcr.io/google-appengine/python
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
binutils \
gdal-bin \
python-gdal
# Create a virtualenv for dependencies. This isolates these packages from
# system-level packages.
RUN virtualenv /env -p python3.6
# Setting these environment variables are the same as running
# source /env/bin/activate.
ENV VIRTUAL_ENV /env
ENV PATH /env/bin:$PATH
# Copy the application's requirements.txt and run pip to install all
# dependencies into the virtualenv.
ADD requirements.txt /app/requirements.txt
RUN pip install -r /app/requirements.txt
# Add the application source code.
ADD . /app
# Run a WSGI server to serve the application. gunicorn must be declared as
# a dependency in requirements.txt.
CMD gunicorn -b :$PORT mysite.wsgi
我的app.yaml：
# [START runtime]
runtime: custom
#python
env: flex
entrypoint: gunicorn -b :$PORT mysite.wsgi
beta_settings:
cloud_sql_instances: <your-db-instance-identifying-string>
runtime_config:
python_version: 3
# [END runtime]
最低要求.txt（根据需要添加）：
Django==1.11.4
mysqlclient==1.3.10
wheel==0.29.0
gunicorn==19.7.1
psycopg2==2.7.3
希望这有助于某人，
丹