我们假设我正在使用后台工作器,我有以下方法:
private void bw_DoWork(object sender, DoWorkEventArgs e)
{
finalData = MyWork(sender as BackgroundWorker, e);
}
private void bw_ProgressChanged(object sender, ProgressChangedEventArgs e)
{
int i = e.ProgressPercentage; // Missused for i
Debug.Print("BW Progress Changed Begin, i: " + i + ", ThreadId: " + Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
// I use this to update a table and an XY-Plot, so that the user can see the progess.
UpdateGUI(e.UserState as MyData);
Debug.Print("BW Progress Changed End, i: " + i + ", ThreadId: " + Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
}
private void bw_RunWorkerCompleted(object sender, RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs e)
{
if ((e.Cancelled == true))
{
// Cancelled
}
else if (!(e.Error == null))
{
MessageBox.Show(e.Error.Message);
}
else
{
Debug.Print("BW Run Worker Completed Begin, ThreadId: " + Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
// I use this to update a table and an XY-Plot,
// so that the user can see the final data.
UpdateGUI(finalData);
Debug.Print("BW Run Worker Completed End, ThreadId: " + Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
}
}
现在我假设bw_ProgressChanged
方法在调用bw_RunWorkerCompleted
方法之前已经完成。但事实并非如此,我不明白为什么?
我得到以下输出:
Worker, i: 0, ThreadId: 27
BW Progress Changed Begin, i: 0, ThreadId: 8
BW Progress Changed End, i: 0, ThreadId: 8
Worker, i: 1, ThreadId: 27
BW Progress Changed Begin, i: 1, ThreadId: 8
BW Progress Changed End, i: 1, ThreadId: 8
Worker, i: 2, ThreadId: 27
BW Progress Changed Begin, i: 2, ThreadId: 8
BW Run Worker Completed Begin, ThreadId: 8
BW Run Worker Completed End, ThreadId: 8
A first chance exception of type 'System.InvalidOperationException' occurred in mscorlib.dll
ERROR <-- Collection was modified; enumeration operation may not execute.
ERROR <-- NationalInstruments.UI.WindowsForms.Graph.ClearData()
MagagedID 8是Main Thread
,27是Worker Thread
。我可以在Debug / Windows / Threads中看到这个。
如果我没有在UpdateGUI
方法中调用bw_ProgressChanged
,则不会发生错误。但随后用户在表格和XY图中看不到任何进展。
修改
MyWork
方法如下:
public MyData[] MyWork(BackgroundWorker worker, DoWorkEventArgs e)
{
MyData[] d = new MyData[n];
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
d[i] = null;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
if (worker.CancellationPending == true)
{
e.Cancel = true;
break;
}
else
{
d[i] = MyCollectDataPoint(); // takes about 1 to 10 seconds
Debug.Print("Worker, i: " + i + ", ThreadId: " + Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId)
worker.ReportProgress(i, d);
}
}
return d;
}
并且UpdateGUI
方法看起来像这样:
private void UpdateGUI(MyData d)
{
UpdateTable(d); // updates a DataGridView
UpdateGraph(d); // updates a ScatterGraph (NI Measurement Studio 2015)
}
如果我不调用UpdateGraph
方法,它就像预期的那样工作。因此ProgressChanged
方法在执行RunWorkerCompleted
之前已完成。
所以我猜问题是NI Measurement Studio 2015的ScatterGraph
和BackgroundWorker
的组合。但我不明白为什么?
UpdateGraph
方法如下:
private void UpdateGraph(MyData d)
{
plot.ClearData();
plot.Plots.Clear(); // The error happens here (Collection was modified; enumeration operation may not execute).
int n = MyGetNFromData(d);
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
ScatterPlot s = new ScatterPlot();
double[] xi = MyGetXiFromData(d, i);
double[] yi = MyGetYiFromData(d, i);
s.XAxis = plot.XAxes[0];
s.YAxis = plot.YAxes[0];
s.LineWidth = 2;
s.LineColor = Colors[i % Colors.Length];
s.ProcessSpecialValues = true;
s.PlotXY(xi, yi);
plot.Plots.Add(s);
}
}
修改2
如果我在bw_RunWorkerCompleted
方法中设置断点,则调用堆栈如下所示:
bw_RunWorkerCompleted
[External Code]
UpdateGraph // Line: plot.ClearData()
UpdateGUI
bw_ProgressChanged
[External Code]
Program.Main
和第一个[External Code]
块:
System.dll!System.ComponentModel.BackgroundWorker.OnRunWorkerCompleted(System.ComponentModel.RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs e) Unknown
[Native to Managed Transition]
mscorlib.dll!System.Delegate.DynamicInvokeImpl(object[] args) Unknown
System.Windows.Forms.dll!System.Windows.Forms.Control.InvokeMarshaledCallbackDo(System.Windows.Forms.Control.ThreadMethodEntry tme) Unknown
System.Windows.Forms.dll!System.Windows.Forms.Control.InvokeMarshaledCallbackHelper(object obj) Unknown
mscorlib.dll!System.Threading.ExecutionContext.RunInternal(System.Threading.ExecutionContext executionContext, System.Threading.ContextCallback callback, object state, bool preserveSyncCtx) Unknown
mscorlib.dll!System.Threading.ExecutionContext.Run(System.Threading.ExecutionContext executionContext, System.Threading.ContextCallback callback, object state, bool preserveSyncCtx) Unknown
mscorlib.dll!System.Threading.ExecutionContext.Run(System.Threading.ExecutionContext executionContext, System.Threading.ContextCallback callback, object state) Unknown
System.Windows.Forms.dll!System.Windows.Forms.Control.InvokeMarshaledCallback(System.Windows.Forms.Control.ThreadMethodEntry tme) Unknown
System.Windows.Forms.dll!System.Windows.Forms.Control.InvokeMarshaledCallbacks() Unknown
System.Windows.Forms.dll!System.Windows.Forms.Control.MarshaledInvoke(System.Windows.Forms.Control caller, System.Delegate method, object[] args, bool synchronous) Unknown
System.Windows.Forms.dll!System.Windows.Forms.Control.Invoke(System.Delegate method, object[] args) Unknown
System.Windows.Forms.dll!System.Windows.Forms.WindowsFormsSynchronizationContext.Send(System.Threading.SendOrPostCallback d, object state) Unknown
NationalInstruments.Common.dll!NationalInstruments.Restricted.CallbackManager.CallbackDispatcher.SynchronousCallbackDispatcher.InvokeWithContext(System.Delegate handler, object sender, System.EventArgs e, System.Threading.SynchronizationContext context, object state) Unknown
NationalInstruments.Common.dll!NationalInstruments.Restricted.CallbackManager.a(NationalInstruments.Restricted.CallbackManager.CallbackDispatcher A_0, object A_1, object A_2, System.EventArgs A_3) Unknown
NationalInstruments.Common.dll!NationalInstruments.Restricted.CallbackManager.RaiseEvent(object eventKey, object sender, System.EventArgs e) Unknown
NationalInstruments.Common.dll!NationalInstruments.ComponentBase.RaiseEvent(object eventKey, System.EventArgs e) Unknown
NationalInstruments.UI.dll!NationalInstruments.UI.XYCursor.OnAfterMove(NationalInstruments.UI.AfterMoveXYCursorEventArgs e) Unknown
NationalInstruments.UI.dll!NationalInstruments.UI.XYCursor.a(object A_0, NationalInstruments.Restricted.ControlElementCursorMoveEventArgs A_1) Unknown
NationalInstruments.UI.dll!NationalInstruments.UI.Internal.XYCursorElement.OnAfterMove(NationalInstruments.Restricted.ControlElementCursorMoveEventArgs e) Unknown
NationalInstruments.UI.dll!NationalInstruments.UI.Internal.XYCursorElement.a(NationalInstruments.UI.Internal.CartesianPlotElement A_0, double A_1, double A_2, int A_3, bool A_4) Unknown
NationalInstruments.UI.dll!NationalInstruments.UI.Internal.XYCursorElement.MoveCursorFreely(double xValue, double yValue, bool isInteractive, NationalInstruments.UI.Internal.XYCursorElement.Movement movement) Unknown
NationalInstruments.UI.dll!NationalInstruments.UI.Internal.XYCursorElement.MoveCursorXY(double xValue, double yValue, bool isInteractive) Unknown
NationalInstruments.UI.dll!NationalInstruments.UI.Internal.XYCursorElement.ResetCursor() Unknown
NationalInstruments.UI.dll!NationalInstruments.UI.Internal.XYCursorElement.a(object A_0, NationalInstruments.Restricted.ControlElementEventArgs A_1) Unknown
NationalInstruments.UI.dll!NationalInstruments.UI.Internal.PlotElement.OnDataChanged(NationalInstruments.Restricted.ControlElementEventArgs e) Unknown
NationalInstruments.UI.dll!NationalInstruments.UI.Internal.PlotElement.OnDataChanged() Unknown
NationalInstruments.UI.dll!NationalInstruments.UI.Internal.CartesianPlotElement.a(object A_0, NationalInstruments.UI.Internal.PlotDataChangedEventArgs A_1) Unknown
NationalInstruments.UI.dll!NationalInstruments.UI.Internal.XYDataManager.a(NationalInstruments.UI.Internal.PlotDataChangedEventArgs A_0) Unknown
NationalInstruments.UI.dll!NationalInstruments.UI.Internal.XYDataManager.a(NationalInstruments.UI.Internal.PlotDataChangeCause A_0, int A_1) Unknown
NationalInstruments.UI.dll!NationalInstruments.UI.Internal.XYDataManager.ClearData(bool raiseDataChanged) Unknown
NationalInstruments.UI.dll!NationalInstruments.UI.Internal.CartesianPlotElement.ClearData(bool raiseDataChanged) Unknown
NationalInstruments.UI.dll!NationalInstruments.UI.Internal.PlotElement.ClearData() Unknown
NationalInstruments.UI.dll!NationalInstruments.Restricted.XYGraphManager.ClearData() Unknown
NationalInstruments.UI.WindowsForms.dll!NationalInstruments.UI.WindowsForms.Graph.ClearData() Unknown
答案 0 :(得分:4)
嗯,您有确凿证据表明RunWorkerCompleted事件在运行ProgressChanged事件时运行。当然,这通常是不可能的,它们应该在同一个线程上运行。
无论如何,有两种可能的方法。更明显的一点是,事件处理程序实际上并不在UI线程上运行。这是相当常见的事故,尽管您倾向于注意到导致的InvalidOperationException。然而,该异常并不总是可靠地提出,它使用启发式方法。请注意,您的UpdateGraph()方法不太可能使其失效,因为它似乎没有使用标准的.NET控件。
诊断此事故很简单,只需在事件处理程序上设置断点并使用Debug&gt; Windows&gt;线程调试窗口以验证它是否在主线程上运行。使用Debug.Print显示Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedId的值可以帮助确保所有调用都在UI线程上运行。您可以通过确保在主线程上执行RunWorkerAsync()调用来修复它。
然后有一个 re-entrancy bug 的陷阱,它发生在ProgressChanged做了一些让UI调度程序再次运行的东西时。趋向于像线程竞赛一样难以调试。可能发生的三种基本方式:
使用臭名昭着的Application.DoEvents()
其邪恶的继姐妹,ShowDialog()。 ShowDialog是伪装的DoEvents,它假装通过禁用UI的窗口来降低致命性。除非您运行未被UI激活的代码,否则它往往可以正常工作。喜欢这段代码。请注意,您似乎确实使用MesssageBox.Show()进行调试,从来不是一个好主意。始终支持断点和Debug.Print()以避免此陷阱。
做一些阻止UI线程的事情,比如lock,Thread.Join(),WaitOne()。阻止STA线程正式违法,死锁的几率很高,所以CLR对此做了些什么。它泵送自己的消息循环以确保避免死锁。是的,就像DoEvents一样,它会进行一些过滤以避免令人讨厌的情况。但对于这段代码来说还不够。请注意,这可能是由您未编写的代码完成的,例如Graph控件。
通过在RunWorkerCompleted事件上设置断点来诊断重新入侵错误。您应该看到ProgressChanged事件处理程序返回,深埋在调用堆栈中。以及导致重新进入的声明。如果跟踪没有帮助您解决问题,请将其发布在您的问题中。
答案 1 :(得分:-1)
最大的缺陷是你的假设下面是错误的。
现在我假设bw_ProgressChanged方法已经完成 在调用bw_RunWorkerCompleted方法之前。但那不是 案件,我不明白为什么?
不要陷入精神上的序列化逻辑流程。使用WinForms / WPF,您会发生两个完全独立且异步的事件。您让BGW向UI发送请求(通过worker.ReportProgress
)以执行进度更新。 UI线程必须在bw_ProgressChanged
事件运行时接收该请求并安排。
独立于BGW(通过myWork
)决定终止,可能是通过完全完成作业,或者因为抛出未捕获的异常,或者最终用户可能希望取消给定实例的工作。然后,它向UI线程发送请求以运行bw_RunWorkerCompleted
方法。用户界面必须再次将其安排在许多要做的事情列表中。