Keras LSTM实现输出内核权重,循环权重和单个偏置向量。我原本预计会对内核权重和重复权重产生偏差,所以我试图确保我理解这种偏差的应用位置。考虑随机初始化的示例:
test_model = Sequential()
test_model.add(LSTM(4,input_dim=5,input_length=10,return_sequences=True))
for e in zip(test_model.layers[0].trainable_weights, test_model.layers[0].get_weights()):
print('Param %s:\n%s' % (e[0],e[1]))
print(e[1].shape)
这将类似于以下内容:
Param <tf.Variable 'lstm_3/kernel:0' shape=(5, 16) dtype=float32_ref>:
[[-0.46578053 -0.31746995 -0.33488223 0.4640277 -0.46431816 -0.0852727
0.43396038 0.12882692 -0.0822868 -0.23696694 0.4661569 0.4719978
0.12041456 -0.20120585 0.45095628 -0.1172519 ]
[ 0.04213512 -0.24420211 -0.33768272 0.11827284 -0.01744157 -0.09241
0.18402642 0.07530934 -0.28586367 -0.05161515 -0.18925312 -0.19212383
0.07093149 -0.14886391 -0.08835816 0.15116036]
[-0.09760407 -0.27473268 -0.29974532 -0.14995047 0.35970795 0.03962368
0.35579181 -0.21503082 -0.46921644 -0.47543833 -0.51497519 -0.08157375
0.4575423 0.35909468 -0.20627108 0.20574462]
[-0.19834137 0.05490702 0.13013887 -0.52255917 0.20565301 0.12259561
-0.33298236 0.2399289 -0.23061508 0.2385658 -0.08770937 -0.35886696
0.28242612 -0.49390298 -0.23676801 0.09713227]
[-0.21802655 -0.32708862 -0.2184104 -0.28524712 0.37784815 0.50567037
0.47393328 -0.05177036 0.41434419 -0.36551589 0.01406455 0.30521619
0.39916915 0.22952956 0.40699703 0.4528749 ]]
(5, 16)
Param <tf.Variable 'lstm_3/recurrent_kernel:0' shape=(4, 16) dtype=float32_ref>:
[[ 0.28626361 -0.21708137 -0.18340513 -0.02943563 -0.16822724 0.38830781
-0.50277489 -0.07898639 -0.30247116 -0.01375726 -0.34504923 -0.01373435
-0.32458451 -0.03497506 -0.01305341 0.28398186]
[-0.35822678 0.13861786 0.42913082 0.11312254 -0.1593778 0.58666271
0.09238213 -0.24134786 0.2196856 -0.01660753 -0.01929135 -0.02324873
-0.2000526 -0.07921806 -0.33966202 -0.08963238]
[-0.06521184 -0.28180376 0.00445012 -0.32302913 -0.02236169 -0.00901215
0.03330055 0.10727262 0.03839845 -0.58494729 0.36934188 -0.31894827
-0.43042961 0.01130622 0.11946538 -0.13160609]
[-0.31211731 -0.24986106 0.16157174 -0.27083701 0.14389414 -0.23260537
-0.28311059 -0.17966864 -0.28650531 -0.06572254 -0.03313115 0.23230191
0.13236329 0.44721091 -0.42978323 -0.09875761]]
(4, 16)
Param <tf.Variable 'lstm_3/bias:0' shape=(16,) dtype=float32_ref>:
[ 0. 0. 0. 0. 1. 1. 1. 1. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.]
(16,)
我认为内核权重用于输入的线性变换,因此它们具有形状[input_dim,4 * hidden_units]或在这种情况下[5,16],并且内核权重用于线性变换重复的权重,因此它们的形状[hidden_units,4 * hidden_units]。另一方面,偏差是形状[4 *隐藏单位],因此可以想象它可以添加到recurrent_weights,而不是输入转换。此示例显示此处输出的偏差只能添加到recurrent_state:
embedding_dim = 5
hidden_units = 4
test_embedding = np.array([0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5])
kernel_weights = test_model.layers[0].get_weights()[0]
recurrent_weights = test_model.layers[0].get_weights()[1]
bias = test_model.layers[0].get_weights()[2]
initial_state = np.zeros((hidden_units, 1))
input_transformation = np.dot(np.transpose(kernel_weights), test_embedding[0]) # + bias or + np.transpose(bias) won't work
recurrent_transformation = np.dot(np.transpose(recurrent_weights), initial_state) + bias
print(input_transformation.shape)
print(recurrent_transformation.shape)
看看这个blog post几乎每一步都会增加偏差,所以我仍然对这种偏见的应用位置感到非常迷茫。
有人可以帮我澄清LSTM偏差的添加位置吗?
答案 0 :(得分:2)
在矩阵乘法后,将偏差添加到循环细胞中。在matmul之后是否将其添加到输入或者在matmul之后添加到周期性数据并不重要,因为加法是可交换的。请参阅下面的LSTM公式: