Swift 4改变了字符串的工作方式。但是,似乎更复杂,更不易阅读。任何人都可以简化这个例子(简单地将String的第三个字母作为字符串)? (除了拆分线外。)
let myString="abc"
let thirdLetter = String(myString[myString.index(myString.startIndex, offsetBy: 2)])
答案 0 :(得分:6)
在Swift 4中,您可以使用String
将myString
[Character]
转换为Array(myString)
。然后,您可以使用Int
索引该数组,然后将[Character]
转换为String
。
let myString = "abc"
let thirdLetter = String(Array(myString)[2]) // "c"
let firstTwo = String(Array(myString)[0..<2]) // "ab"
如果您要在String
上执行大量操作,通常最好转换并将其保留为[Character]
。
注意:我已经重新设计了这一部分,试图避免编译器可能执行的任何缓存优化。现在每种方法只测量一次,并为每种方法保留一个运行总计。
转换为Array
并使用Int
建立索引很容易编写和读取,但它是如何执行的?为了回答这个问题,我在发布版本中测试了以下内容:
func time1(str: String, n: Int) -> (Double, String) {
// Method 1: Index string with String.Index, convert to String
let start = Date()
let a = String(str[str.index(str.startIndex, offsetBy: n)])
let interval = Date().timeIntervalSince(start)
return (interval, a)
}
func time2(str: String, n: Int) -> (Double, String) {
// Method 2: Convert string to array, index with Int, convert to String
let start = Date()
let a = String(Array(str)[n])
let interval = Date().timeIntervalSince(start)
return (interval, a)
}
func time3(str: String, n: Int) -> (Double, String) {
// Method 3: Use prefix() and last(), convert to String
let start = Date()
let a = String(str.prefix(n + 1).last!)
let interval = Date().timeIntervalSince(start)
return (interval, a)
}
func time4(str: String, n: Int) -> (Double, String) {
// Method 4: Use Leo Dabus' extensions
// https://stackoverflow.com/q/24092884/1630618
let start = Date()
let a = str[n]
let interval = Date().timeIntervalSince(start)
return (interval, a)
}
func time5(str: String, n: Int) -> (Double, String) {
// Method 5: Same as 2 but don't measure Array conversion time
let arr = Array(str)
let start = Date()
let a = String(arr[n])
let interval = Date().timeIntervalSince(start)
return (interval, a)
}
func test() {
for repetitions in [1, 10, 100, 1000] {
var input = ""
for _ in 0 ..< repetitions {
input.append("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz")
}
var t = [0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
let funcs = [time1, time2, time3, time4, time5]
for i in 0 ..< input.count {
for f in funcs.indices {
let (interval, _) = funcs[f](input, i)
t[f] += interval
}
}
print("For string length \(input.count):")
for i in 0 ..< 5 {
print(String(format: "Method %d time: %.8f", i + 1, t[i]))
}
print("")
}
}
<强>结果:强>
For string length 26: Method 1 time: 0.00108612 Method 2 time: 0.00085294 Method 3 time: 0.00005889 Method 4 time: 0.00002104 Method 5 time: 0.00000405 For string length 260: Method 1 time: 0.00117570 Method 2 time: 0.00670648 Method 3 time: 0.00115579 Method 4 time: 0.00110406 Method 5 time: 0.00007111 For string length 2600: Method 1 time: 0.09964919 Method 2 time: 0.57621503 Method 3 time: 0.09244329 Method 4 time: 0.09166771 Method 5 time: 0.00087011 For string length 26000: Method 1 time: 9.78054154 Method 2 time: 56.92994779 Method 3 time: 9.02372885 Method 4 time: 9.01480001 Method 5 time: 0.03442019
<强>分析:强>
[Character]
,则对其进行索引操作非常快。 (见方法5)答案 1 :(得分:2)
您似乎正在尝试提取第三个字符。我会说
let c = myString.prefix(3).last
当然,它是一个可选角色,但您可以在闲暇时展开并在需要时强制转换为String。
prefix
方法非常有价值,因为它需要一个Int而不是强迫你进入String.Index的狂野和古怪的世界。