Question

假设我有可移动且不可复制的对象，我使用random_access索引增强了多索引数组。我需要将我的对象移出数组前面，但我找不到任何方法，这将在documentation中给出rvalue / lvalue引用。我只能看到front()给我不断的引用，而pop_front()会删除元素，但不会返回任何内容。那么有没有办法将元素从boost多指数中移出来？

Answer 1

添加到@ sehe的答案，以下显示了如果您的可移动类型不是默认可构造的，如何修改代码：

已编辑：已更改代码以正确处理*extracted的销毁 已修改：已添加std::unique_ptr替代方案 已编辑：在sehe之后添加了第二个altrnative。

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#include <boost/multi_index_container.hpp>
#include <boost/multi_index/random_access_index.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <type_traits>

struct moveonly {
    int x;
    moveonly(int x) noexcept : x(x) {}
    moveonly(moveonly&& o) noexcept : x(o.x) { o = {-1}; }
    moveonly& operator=(moveonly o) noexcept { using std::swap; swap(x, o.x); return *this; }
};

static_assert(not std::is_copy_constructible<moveonly>{}, "moveonly");

namespace bmi = boost::multi_index;
using Table   = bmi::multi_index_container<moveonly,
    bmi::indexed_by<
        bmi::random_access<bmi::tag<struct _ra> >
    > >;

template <typename Container>
void dump(std::ostream& os, Container const& c) { 
    for (auto& r: c) os << r.x << " ";
    os << "\n";
}

moveonly pop_front(Table& table) {
    std::aligned_storage<sizeof(moveonly), alignof(moveonly)>::type buffer;
    moveonly* extracted = reinterpret_cast<moveonly*>(&buffer);

    auto it = table.begin();
    if (it == table.end())
        throw std::logic_error("pop_front");

    if (table.modify(it, [&](moveonly& v) { new (extracted) moveonly{std::move(v)}; })) {
        table.erase(it);
    }

    try {
        moveonly ret = std::move(*extracted);
        extracted->~moveonly();
        return ret;
    } catch(...) {
        extracted->~moveonly();
        throw;
    }
}

int main() {
    Table table;

    table.push_back({1});
    table.push_back({2});
    table.push_back({3});

    dump(std::cout << "table before: ", table);

    std::cout << "Extracted: " << pop_front(table).x << "\n";

    dump(std::cout << "table after: ", table);
}

使用std::unique_ptr进行清理同样如此：

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#include <boost/multi_index_container.hpp>
#include <boost/multi_index/random_access_index.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include <type_traits>

struct moveonly {
    int x;
    moveonly(int x) noexcept : x(x) {}
    moveonly(moveonly&& o) noexcept : x(o.x) { o = {-1}; }
    moveonly& operator=(moveonly o) noexcept { using std::swap; swap(x, o.x); return *this; }
};

static_assert(not std::is_copy_constructible<moveonly>{}, "moveonly");

namespace bmi = boost::multi_index;
using Table   = bmi::multi_index_container<moveonly,
    bmi::indexed_by<
        bmi::random_access<bmi::tag<struct _ra> >
    > >;

template <typename Container>
void dump(std::ostream& os, Container const& c) { 
    for (auto& r: c) os << r.x << " ";
    os << "\n";
}

moveonly pop_front(Table& table) {
    std::aligned_storage<sizeof(moveonly), alignof(moveonly)>::type buffer;
    moveonly* extracted = reinterpret_cast<moveonly*>(&buffer);

    auto it = table.begin();
    if (it == table.end())
        throw std::logic_error("pop_front");

    if (table.modify(it, [&](moveonly& v) { new (extracted) moveonly{std::move(v)}; })) {
        table.erase(it);
    }

    std::unique_ptr<moveonly,void(*)(moveonly*)> ptr = {
        extracted,
        [](moveonly* p){ p->~moveonly(); }
    };

    return std::move(*extracted);
}

int main() {
    Table table;

    table.push_back({1});
    table.push_back({2});
    table.push_back({3});

    dump(std::cout << "table before: ", table);

    std::cout << "Extracted: " << pop_front(table).x << "\n";

    dump(std::cout << "table after: ", table);
}

Sehe提供了另一种基于boost::optional的替代方案，这是最优雅的方式：

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#include <boost/multi_index_container.hpp>
#include <boost/optional.hpp>
#include <boost/multi_index/random_access_index.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include <type_traits>

struct moveonly {
    int x;
    moveonly(int x) noexcept : x(x) {}
    moveonly(moveonly&& o) noexcept : x(o.x) { o = {-1}; }
    moveonly& operator=(moveonly o) noexcept { using std::swap; swap(x, o.x); return *this; }
};

static_assert(not std::is_copy_constructible<moveonly>{}, "moveonly");

namespace bmi = boost::multi_index;
using Table   = bmi::multi_index_container<moveonly,
    bmi::indexed_by<
        bmi::random_access<bmi::tag<struct _ra> >
    > >;

template <typename Container>
void dump(std::ostream& os, Container const& c) { 
    for (auto& r: c) os << r.x << " ";
    os << "\n";
}

moveonly pop_front(Table& table) {
    boost::optional<moveonly> extracted;

    auto it = table.begin();
    if (it == table.end())
        throw std::logic_error("pop_front");

    if (table.modify(it, [&](moveonly& v) { extracted = std::move(v); })) {
        table.erase(it);
    }

    return std::move(*extracted);
}

int main() {
    Table table;

    table.push_back({1});
    table.push_back({2});
    table.push_back({3});

    dump(std::cout << "table before: ", table);

    std::cout << "Extracted: " << pop_front(table).x << "\n";

    dump(std::cout << "table after: ", table);
}

Answer 2

不支持非const元素操作，因为它们可能会使元素处于一种状态，这会破坏各种索引对它们的不变量。

您可以做的最接近的事情是使用modify：

moveonly pop_front(Table& table) {
    moveonly extracted;

    auto it = table.begin();
    if (it == table.end())
        throw std::logic_error("pop_front");

    if (table.modify(it, [&](moveonly& v) { extracted = std::move(v); })) {
        table.erase(it);
    }

    return extracted;
}

请注意modify确实会产生检查所有索引的成本，并且可能会失败。幸运的是，如果确实失败了，效果是iterator被删除：

效果：调用mod（e），其中e是position指向的元素，并将* position重新排列到multi_index_container的所有索引中。对顺序索引进行重新排列不会改变元素相对于索引的位置;其他指数的重新安排可能会或可能不会成功。 如果重新排列失败，则会删除该元素。

后置条件：如果操作成功，则保留位置的有效性。

这是一个现场演示：

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#include <boost/multi_index_container.hpp>
#include <boost/multi_index/random_access_index.hpp>
#include <iostream>

struct moveonly {
    int x;
    moveonly(int x = -1) noexcept : x(x) {}
    moveonly(moveonly&& o) noexcept : x(o.x) { o = {}; }
    moveonly& operator=(moveonly o) noexcept { using std::swap; swap(x, o.x); return *this; }
};

static_assert(not std::is_copy_constructible<moveonly>{}, "moveonly");

namespace bmi = boost::multi_index;
using Table   = bmi::multi_index_container<moveonly,
    bmi::indexed_by<
        bmi::random_access<bmi::tag<struct _ra> >
    > >;

template <typename Container>
void dump(std::ostream& os, Container const& c) { 
    for (auto& r: c) os << r.x << " ";
    os << "\n";
}

moveonly pop_front(Table& table) {
    moveonly extracted;

    auto it = table.begin();
    if (it == table.end())
        throw std::logic_error("pop_front");

    if (table.modify(it, [&](moveonly& v) { extracted = std::move(v); })) {
        table.erase(it);
    }

    return extracted;
}

int main() {
    Table table;

    table.push_back({1});
    table.push_back({2});
    table.push_back({3});

    dump(std::cout << "table before: ", table);

    std::cout << "Extracted: " << pop_front(table).x << "\n";

    dump(std::cout << "table after: ", table);
}

打印哪些：

table before: 1 2 3 
Extracted: 1
table after: 2 3

从boost multi_index数组移动元素

2 个答案: