Question

我在跟踪为什么我的MariaDB的Windows开发安装与我的FreeBSD安装不匹配时遇到了一些麻烦。这是我在freeBSD上的测试数据库的一些输出：

MariaDB [www]> SHOW VARIABLES WHERE Variable_name LIKE 'character\_set\_%' OR Variable_name LIKE 'collation%';
+--------------------------+--------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value              |
+--------------------------+--------------------+
| character_set_client     | latin1             |
| character_set_connection | latin1             |
| character_set_database   | utf8mb4            |
| character_set_filesystem | binary             |
| character_set_results    | latin1             |
| character_set_server     | latin1             |
| character_set_system     | utf8               |
| collation_connection     | latin1_swedish_ci  |
| collation_database       | utf8mb4_unicode_ci |
| collation_server         | latin1_swedish_ci  |
+--------------------------+--------------------+
10 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [www]> SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM items;
+-------------+--------------+--------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+---------------------------------+---------+
| Field       | Type         | Collation          | Null | Key | Default | Extra          | Privileges                      | Comment |
+-------------+--------------+--------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+---------------------------------+---------+
| id          | int(11)      | NULL               | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment | select,insert,update,references |         |
| description | varchar(255) | utf8mb4_unicode_ci | YES  |     | NULL    |                | select,insert,update,references |         |
+-------------+--------------+--------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+---------------------------------+---------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

MariaDB [www]> select description from items where id=15;
+------------------------+
| description            |
+------------------------+
| 15 kΩ  1/8W 1%  (smd) |
+------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

这是Windows上的等价物：

MariaDB [www]> SHOW VARIABLES WHERE Variable_name LIKE 'character\_set\_%' OR Variable_name LIKE 'collation%';
+--------------------------+--------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value              |
+--------------------------+--------------------+
| character_set_client     | latin1             |
| character_set_connection | latin1             |
| character_set_database   | utf8mb4            |
| character_set_filesystem | binary             |
| character_set_results    | latin1             |
| character_set_server     | latin1             |
| character_set_system     | utf8               |
| collation_connection     | latin1_swedish_ci  |
| collation_database       | utf8mb4_unicode_ci |
| collation_server         | latin1_swedish_ci  |
+--------------------------+--------------------+
10 rows in set (0.01 sec)
MariaDB [www]> SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM items;
+-------------+--------------+--------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+---------------------------------+---------+
| Field       | Type         | Collation          | Null | Key | Default | Extra          | Privileges                      | Comment |
+-------------+--------------+--------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+---------------------------------+---------+
| id          | int(11)      | NULL               | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment | select,insert,update,references |         |
| description | varchar(255) | utf8mb4_unicode_ci | YES  |     | NULL    |                | select,insert,update,references |         |
+-------------+--------------+--------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+---------------------------------+---------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

MariaDB [www]> select description from items where id=15;
+------------------------+
| description            |
+------------------------+
| 15 k╬⌐  1/8W 1%  (smd) |
+------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

所以我的问题是，我在设置比较方面缺少什么可能是Windows上受损字符（Ω）的来源以及需要更改为什么才能获得相同的字符我的FreeBSD服务器。 FreeBSD安装稍微新一点10.1.23-MariaDB FreeBSD Ports vs 10.1.19-MariaDB mariadb.org二进制发行版。

Answer 1

问题＃1：始终使用utf8（或utf8mb4）。 latin1没有Ω。你很幸运能在任何一个系统上看到它。请参阅Trouble with utf8 characters; what I see is not what I stored

中的“最佳做法”

问题＃2：在Windows上，cmd不一定默认支持UTF-8。命令“chcp”控制“代码页”。 chcp 65001提供了UTF-8，但它也需要安装一个特殊的字符集。要在控制台窗口中设置字体：右键单击窗口标题→属性→字体→选择Lucida控制台。

检查：要查看数据是否存储正确（在更改为utf8mb4之后），SELECT HEX(...) ...以查看您是否获得了Omega的CEA9。如果你得到C38EC2A9，你就有了“双重编码”。当以UTF-8编码时，其他希腊字母将为CExx或CFxx。

Windows上的MariaDB字符集和排序规则与freeBSD相对应

1 个答案: