我已经跟踪this tutorial在Debian 7上配置DKIM和Postfix。这些说明几乎是interwebz的标准。
我正在使用Gmail通过自己的域名发送和接收电子邮件。我跟着this instructions来实现这一点。
我的问题
我可以发送和接收电子邮件，但我无法通过DKIM测试（至少使用Gmail）。经过一段时间的搜索和挣扎，我得出结论，我的困境的原因是我的消息是获得多个DKIM签名（请参阅下面的mail.log）。而且，根据DKIM指令，这足以让DKIM失败。
但在阅读了有关如何解决多重签名问题之后，我发现绝对所有这些解决方案都涉及到“amavis”和“＃”。安装。事情是......我没有安装它！
在任何情况下，这些解决方案都提到改变与master.cnf和/或main.cfn中的milters相关的后缀配置。例如，将其添加到＆＃39; receive_override_options＆＃39; （再说一遍，因为我没有安装amavis，所以我没有这个变量）应该解决这个问题：
receive_override_options=no_unknown_recipient_checks,no_header_body_checks,no_milters
或者，另一个解决方案是在main.cf中评论全局设置......
#smtpd_milters = inet:localhost:12301
#non_smtpd_milters = inet:localhost:12301
...然后将milter指令添加到＆＃34; smtpd＆＃34;和后amavis服务 分别用于入站身份验证和出站签名：
# inbound messages from internet
# will be authenticated by OpenDKIM milter on port 12301
smtp inet n - - - - smtpd
.......
-o smtpd_milters=inet:localhost:12301
# outbound messages have been through amavis
# will be signed by OpenDKIM milter on port 12301
127.0.0.1:10025 inet n - - - - smtpd
.......
-o smtpd_milters=inet:localhost:12301
这是Gmail回复：
ARC-Message-Signature: i=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=google.com; s=arc-20160816;
h=message-id:date:to:from:subject:content-transfer-encoding
:mime-version:dkim-signature:arc-authentication-results;
bh=rFbauTH/rtd1+kK8TxaFUe3HjRRJjkoamWIx2IdGVtM=;
b=MKXMH0s3t4rJtnbq1NTX/3Pu7WroJ1/QcMEyAMdQQhF4pFM1imdRTA==
ARC-Authentication-Results: i=1; mx.google.com;
dkim=neutral (body hash did not verify) header.i=@domain.com header.s=mail header.b=X2M3CvND;
spf=pass (google.com: domain of error@domain.com designates 45.76.171.123 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=error@domain.com
这是我的mail.log。注意＆＃39; DKIM签名标题如何添加＆＃39;执行两次：一次在localhost连接后，另一次在重新连接后再执行。
Aug 25 16:12:21 domain postfix/smtpd[29238]: connect from localhost[127.0.0.1]
Aug 25 16:12:21 domain postfix/smtpd[29238]: 745D37D599: client=localhost[127.0.0.1]
Aug 25 16:12:21 domain postfix/cleanup[29243]: 745D37D599: message-id=<20170825161221.28656.25384@localhost>
Aug 25 16:12:21 domain opendkim[27899]: 745D37D599: DKIM-Signature header added (s=mail, d=domain.com)
Aug 25 16:12:21 domain postfix/qmgr[29037]: 745D37D599: from=<error@domain.com>, size=44876, nrcpt=1 (queue active)
Aug 25 16:12:21 domain postfix/smtpd[29238]: disconnect from localhost[127.0.0.1]
Aug 25 16:12:21 domain postfix/smtpd[29238]: connect from localhost[127.0.0.1]
Aug 25 16:12:21 domain postfix/smtpd[29238]: 8E8287D5C0: client=localhost[127.0.0.1]
Aug 25 16:12:21 domain postfix/cleanup[29243]: 8E8287D5C0: message-id=<20170825161221.28656.34673@localhost>
Aug 25 16:12:21 domain opendkim[27899]: 8E8287D5C0: DKIM-Signature header added (s=mail, d=domain.com)
Aug 25 16:12:21 domain postfix/qmgr[29037]: 8E8287D5C0: from=<error@domain.com>, size=44876, nrcpt=1 (queue active)
Aug 25 16:12:21 domain postfix/smtpd[29238]: disconnect from localhost[127.0.0.1]
Aug 25 16:12:22 domain postfix/smtp[29244]: 745D37D599: to=<user@gmail.com>, orig_to=<error@domain.com>, relay=gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[74.125.28.26]:25, delay=0.61, delays=0.05/0.02/0.12/0.41, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (250 2.0.0 OK 1503677542 r29si5009980pfd.56 - gsmtp)
Aug 25 16:12:22 domain postfix/qmgr[29037]: 745D37D599: removed
Aug 25 16:12:22 domain postfix/smtp[29245]: 8E8287D5C0: to=<user@gmail.com>, orig_to=<error@domain.com>, relay=gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[74.125.28.26]:25, delay=0.51, delays=0.05/0.01/0.09/0.36, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (250 2.0.0 OK 1503677542 t196si4944733pgc.158 - gsmtp)
Aug 25 16:12:22 domain postfix/qmgr[29037]: 8E8287D5C0: removed
在mail.log中看到的localhost用户可能是我在Django的settings.py
中设置的用户。EMAIL_BACKEND = 'django.core.mail.backends.smtp.EmailBackend'
EMAIL_HOST = 'localhost'
EMAIL_PORT = 25
EMAIL_HOST_USER = ''
EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = ''
EMAIL_USE_TLS = False
我的/etc/postfix/master.cf
smtp inet n - - - - smtpd
pickup fifo n - - 60 1 pickup
cleanup unix n - - - 0 cleanup
qmgr fifo n - n 300 1 qmgr
tlsmgr unix - - - 1000? 1 tlsmgr
rewrite unix - - - - - trivial-rewrite
bounce unix - - - - 0 bounce
defer unix - - - - 0 bounce
trace unix - - - - 0 bounce
verify unix - - - - 1 verify
flush unix n - - 1000? 0 flush
proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap
proxywrite unix - - n - 1 proxymap
smtp unix - - - - - smtp
relay unix - - - - - smtp
showq unix n - - - - showq
error unix - - - - - error
retry unix - - - - - error
discard unix - - - - - discard
local unix - n n - - local
virtual unix - n n - - virtual
lmtp unix - - - - - lmtp
anvil unix - - - - 1 anvil
scache unix - - - - 1 scache
maildrop unix - n n - - pipe
flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient}
uucp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient)
ifmail unix - n n - - pipe
flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient)
bsmtp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/lib/bsmtp/bsmtp -t$nexthop -f$sender $recipient
scalemail-backend unix - n n - 2 pipe
flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension}
mailman unix - n n - - pipe
flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py
${nexthop} ${user}
我的/etc/postfix/main.cf
smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Debian/GNU)
biff = no
append_dot_mydomain = no
readme_directory = no
smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/postfix/server.pem
smtpd_tls_key_file = $smtpd_tls_cert_file
smtpd_use_tls=yes
smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache
smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache
myhostname = automatones.com
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
myorigin = /etc/mailname
mydestination = localhost.localdomain, localhost, domain.com
relayhost =
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128
mailbox_size_limit = 0
recipient_delimiter = +
inet_interfaces = all
inet_protocols = ipv4
virtual_alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual
smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix
smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
milter_protocol = 2
milter_default_action = accept
smtpd_milters = inet:localhost:12301
non_smtpd_milters = inet:localhost:12301
virtual_alias_domains = domain.com
我的http://dkimvalidator.com/results：
SpamAssassin Score: 0.472
Message is NOT marked as spam
Points breakdown:
-0.0 SPF_HELO_PASS SPF: HELO matches SPF record
0.1 DKIM_SIGNED Message has a DKIM or DK signature, not necessarily valid
0.4 RDNS_DYNAMIC Delivered to internal network by host with
dynamic-looking rDNS
0.0 T_DKIM_INVALID DKIM-Signature header exists but is not valid
那么我如何调整postfix配置，以免触发mail.log中看到的多个DKMI头签名添加？或者如何配置Django设置以不触发此连接和重新连接行为？
欢迎任何指示，想法或建议！
修改：我找到this note in the README file of OPENDMARC我可以从中获得解决方案吗？如果是这样，我该如何开始实施呢？
(c) If you have a content filter in master.cf that feeds it back into a different smtpd process, you should alter the second smtpd process in master.cf to contain '-o receive_override_options=no_milters' to prevent messages being signed or verified twice. For tips on avoiding DKIM signature breakage, see: http://www.postfix.org/MILTER_README.html#workarounds
答案 0 :(得分：1)
我曾经在几次追踪和错误之后设法解决了这个问题。问题是我不记得我究竟做了什么来解决它。我正在玩几个参数 - 有时同时 - 没有保持任何轨道（我的坏）。但是，在某些时候一切正常！
这是我的配置文件。希望他们可以指导/帮助某人。
<强> /etc/postfix/master.cf
#
# Postfix master process configuration file. For details on the format
# of the file, see the master(5) manual page (command: "man 5 master").
#
# Do not forget to execute "postfix reload" after editing this file.
#
# ==========================================================================
# service type private unpriv chroot wakeup maxproc command + args
# (yes) (yes) (yes) (never) (100)
# ==========================================================================
smtp inet n - - - - smtpd
-o content_filter=spamassassin
#smtp inet n - - - 1 postscreen
#smtpd pass - - - - - smtpd
#dnsblog unix - - - - 0 dnsblog
#tlsproxy unix - - - - 0 tlsproxy
submission inet n - - - - smtpd
-o syslog_name=postfix/submission
-o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt
-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
-o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
-o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
-o content_filter=spamassassin
-o smtpd_sasl_type=dovecot
-o smtpd_sasl_path=private/auth
smtps inet n - - - - smtpd
-o syslog_name=postfix/smtps
-o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes
-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
-o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
-o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
-o content_filter=spamassassin
#628 inet n - - - - qmqpd
pickup fifo n - - 60 1 pickup
cleanup unix n - - - 0 cleanup
qmgr fifo n - n 300 1 qmgr
#qmgr fifo n - n 300 1 oqmgr
tlsmgr unix - - - 1000? 1 tlsmgr
rewrite unix - - - - - trivial-rewrite
bounce unix - - - - 0 bounce
defer unix - - - - 0 bounce
trace unix - - - - 0 bounce
verify unix - - - - 1 verify
flush unix n - - 1000? 0 flush
proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap
proxywrite unix - - n - 1 proxymap
smtp unix - - - - - smtp
relay unix - - - - - smtp
# -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5
showq unix n - - - - showq
error unix - - - - - error
retry unix - - - - - error
discard unix - - - - - discard
local unix - n n - - local
virtual unix - n n - - virtual
lmtp unix - - - - - lmtp
anvil unix - - - - 1 anvil
scache unix - - - - 1 scache
#
# ====================================================================
# Interfaces to non-Postfix software. Be sure to examine the manual
# pages of the non-Postfix software to find out what options it wants.
#
# Many of the following services use the Postfix pipe(8) delivery
# agent. See the pipe(8) man page for information about ${recipient}
# and other message envelope options.
# ====================================================================
#
# maildrop. See the Postfix MAILDROP_README file for details.
# Also specify in main.cf: maildrop_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
maildrop unix - n n - - pipe
flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Recent Cyrus versions can use the existing "lmtp" master.cf entry.
#
# Specify in cyrus.conf:
# lmtp cmd="lmtpd -a" listen="localhost:lmtp" proto=tcp4
#
# Specify in main.cf one or more of the following:
# mailbox_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
# virtual_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Cyrus 2.1.5 (Amos Gouaux)
# Also specify in main.cf: cyrus_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
#cyrus unix - n n - - pipe
# user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -r ${sender} -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
# Old example of delivery via Cyrus.
#
#old-cyrus unix - n n - - pipe
# flags=R user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# See the Postfix UUCP_README file for configuration details.
#
uucp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient)
#
# Other external delivery methods.
#
ifmail unix - n n - - pipe
flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient)
bsmtp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/lib/bsmtp/bsmtp -t$nexthop -f$sender $recipient
scalemail-backend unix - n n - 2 pipe
flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension}
mailman unix - n n - - pipe
flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py
${nexthop} ${user}
dovecot unix - n n - - pipe
flags=DRhu user=email:email argv=/usr/lib/dovecot/deliver -f ${sender} -d ${recipient}
policy-spf unix - n n - - spawn
user=nobody argv=/usr/bin/policyd-spf
spamassassin unix - n n - - pipe
user=debian-spamd argv=/usr/bin/spamc -f -e /usr/sbin/sendmail -oi -f ${sender} ${recipient}
<强> /etc/postfix/main.cf中
# See /usr/share/postfix/main.cf.dist for a commented, more complete version
# Debian specific: Specifying a file name will cause the first
# line of that file to be used as the name. The Debian default
# is /etc/mailname.
#myorigin = /etc/mailname
smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Debian/GNU)
biff = no
# appending .domain is the MUA's job.
append_dot_mydomain = no
# Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings
#delay_warning_time = 4h
readme_directory = no
# Network information
myhostname = mail.mysite.com
mydomain = mysite.com
myorigin = /etc/mailname
mydestination = $myhostname, $mydomain, localhost.localdomain, localhost
relayhost =
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128
mailbox_size_limit = 0
recipient_delimiter = +
inet_interfaces = all
# Local alias map
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
queue_directory=/var/spool/postfix
# SSL
smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/letsencrypt/live/mail.mysite.com/fullchain.pem
smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/letsencrypt/live/mail.mysite.com/privkey.pem
smtpd_use_tls=yes
smtpd_tls_auth_only=yes
smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache
smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache
smtpd_tls_security_level = may
smtp_tls_security_level = may
smtp_tls_loglevel = 1
smtpd_tls_loglevel = 1
smtpd_tls_protocols = !SSLv2, !SSLv3
# SPF
policy-spf_time_limit = 3600s
# https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-set-up-a-postfix-e-mail-server-with-dovecot
#local_recipient_maps = proxy:unix:passwd.byname $alias_maps
# Virtual alias mapping
virtual_alias_domains = $mydomain
virtual_alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual
# Mail will be stored in users ~/Maildir directories
home_mailbox = Maildir/
mailbox_command =
# From http://wiki2.dovecot.org/HowTo/PostfixAndDovecotSASL
smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
# DKIM & DMARC
milter_default_action = accept
milter_protocol = 6
smtpd_milters = inet:127.0.0.1:12345, inet:127.0.0.1:8893
non_smtpd_milters = inet:127.0.0.1:12345, inet:127.0.0.1:8893
# Require a valid HELO or EHLO command with a fully qualified domain name to stop common spambots
smtpd_helo_required = yes
smtpd_helo_restrictions = reject_non_fqdn_helo_hostname,reject_invalid_helo_hostname,reject_unknown_helo_hostname
# Disable the VRFY command
disable_vrfy_command = yes
# Reject message to allow Postfix to log recipient address information when the connected client breaks any of the reject rules
smtpd_delay_reject = yes
# Reject connections from made up addresses that do not use a FQDN or don't exist. Add external spam filters like Spamhaus or CBL blacklists
# Also add SPF policy (after reject_unauth_destination and after permit_sasl_authenticated)
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated,permit_mynetworks,reject_unauth_destination,check_policy_service unix:private/policy-spf,reject_invalid_hostname,reject_non_fqdn_hostname,reject_non_fqdn_sender,reject_non_fqdn_recipient,reject_unknown_sender_domain,reject_rbl_client sbl.spamhaus.org,reject_rbl_client cbl.abuseat.org
# https://serverfault.com/questions/559088/postfix-not-accepting-relay-from-localhost
default_transport = smtp
relay_transport = relay