我希望能够拥有具有以下特征的Moo *课程:
Type::Tiny
类型进行类型约束,因此引用必须属于正确的类型E.g。
package GraphQLType;
use Moo;
use Types::Standard -all;
has [qw(children)] => (
is => 'rwp',
isa => ArrayRef[InstanceOf['GraphQLType']],
required => 1,
);
package main;
my $type;
$type = GraphQLType->new(children => [$type]);
上面提出了一个鸡与蛋的问题:$type
将是未定义的,因此无法通过类型约束。
graphql-js
中使用的模式是"thunking"。在Perl术语中:
package GraphQLType;
use Moo;
use Types::Standard -all;
has [qw(children)] => (
is => 'rwp',
isa => CodeRef | ArrayRef[InstanceOf['GraphQLType']],
required => 1,
);
package main;
my $type;
$type = GraphQLType->new(children => sub { [$type] });
虽然这适用于那里的特定类型,但我怎么能有一个参数化类型来实现这样的东西?此外,如果这可能会导致懒惰的"懒惰"最小化存储计算值所涉及的代码的功能。
package Thunking;
use Moo;
use Types::Thunking -all;
use Types::Standard -all;
has [qw(children)] => (
is => 'lazy',
isa => Thunk[ArrayRef[InstanceOf['GraphQLType']]],
required => 1,
);
答案 0 :(得分:1)
这里需要解决两个问题:延迟计算不可变属性(DCIA)的参数化Type::Tiny
类型约束,以及实际运行的DCIA。
由于这是Perl,因此有多种方法可以做到这一点。在Type::Tiny
中创建参数化类型的核心是提供constraint_generator
参数。仅使用Type::Tiny
组件执行此操作的最惯用方法是:
package Types::Thunking;
use Types::TypeTiny -all;
use Type::Library -base;
use Type::Utils -all;
declare "Thunk", constraint_generator => sub { union [ CodeLike, @_ ] };
那就是它!如果没有给出参数,它就像CodeLike
一样工作。图书馆可以处理任何"内联"代码生成。
它可能如此短暂的原因是constraint_generator
必须返回 一个代码引用,这可能是一个捕获传递给它的参数的闭包(见下文) ,或只需Type::Tiny
- 在这种情况下,不需要other parameterisability parameters。由于union
(看起来它通常用于生成declare
的参数)会返回一个适当构造的Type::Tiny::Union
,因此它只是完美地落入。
更加拼写的版本,不使用联合类型(为简洁起见,使用CodeRef
而不是CodeLike
:
package Types::Thunking;
use Types::Standard -all;
use Type::Library -base;
use Type::Utils -all;
declare "Thunk",
constraint_generator => sub {
my ($param) = @_;
die "parameter must be a type" if grep !UNIVERSAL::isa($_, 'Type::Tiny'), @_;
return sub { is_CodeRef($_) or $param->check($_) };
},
inline_generator => sub {
my ($param) = @_;
die "parameter must be a type" if grep !UNIVERSAL::isa($_, 'Type::Tiny'), @_;
return sub {
my ($constraint, $varname) = @_;
return sprintf(
'Types::Standard::is_CodeRef(%s) or %s',
$varname,
$param->inline_check($varname),
);
};
};
这是"线束"我用它来测试这些:
#!/usr/bin/perl
use Thunking;
sub do_test {
use Data::Dumper; local $Data::Dumper::Terse = 1; local $Data::Dumper::Indent = 0;
my ($args, $should_work) = @_;
my $l = eval { Thunking->new(@$args) };
if (!$l) {
say "correctly did not work" and return if !$should_work;
say "INcorrectly did not work" and return if $should_work;
}
my $val = eval { $l->attr };
if (!$val) {
say "correctly did not work" and return if !$should_work;
say "INcorrectly did not work" and return if $should_work;
}
say(($should_work ? "" : "INcorrectly worked: "), Dumper $val);
}
do_test [attr => { k => "wrong type" }], 0;
do_test [attr => ["real value at init"]], 1;
do_test [attr => sub { [ "delayed" ] }], 1;
do_test [attr => sub { { k => "delayed wrong type" } }], 0;
为了使这个不可变,我们希望设置属性失败,除非我们这样做。在读取属性时,我们想看看是否有计算要做;如果是,那就去做;然后返回值。
package Thunking;
use Moo;
use Types::Standard -all;
use Types::Thunking -all;
has attr => (
is => 'rwp',
isa => Thunk[ArrayRef],
required => 1,
);
before 'attr' => sub {
my $self = shift;
return if @_; # attempt at setting, hand to auto
my $value = $self->{attr};
return if ref($value) ne 'CODE'; # attempt at reading and already resolved
$self->_set_attr($value->());
}
before
应该是相当不言自明的,但你会看到它手动查看对象的hash-ref,这通常是你的编程尚未完成的线索。此外,它是rwp
并且需要班级中的before
,这远非漂亮。
MooX
个模块尝试使用单独的模块MooX::Thunking
来概括此方法的方法。首先,另一个封装Moo
函数覆盖的模块:
package MooX::Utils;
use strict;
use warnings;
use Moo ();
use Moo::Role ();
use Carp qw(croak);
use base qw(Exporter);
our @EXPORT = qw(override_function);
sub override_function {
my ($target, $name, $func) = @_;
my $orig = $target->can($name) or croak "Override '$target\::$name': not found";
my $install_tracked = Moo::Role->is_role($target) ? \&Moo::Role::_install_tracked : \&Moo::_install_tracked;
$install_tracked->($target, $name, sub { $func->($orig, @_) });
}
现在是thunking MooX
模块本身,它使用上面的方法覆盖has
:
package MooX::Thunking;
use MooX::Utils;
use Types::TypeTiny -all;
use Class::Method::Modifiers qw(install_modifier);
sub import {
my $target = scalar caller;
override_function($target, 'has', sub {
my ($orig, $name, %opts) = @_;
$orig->($name, %opts), return if $opts{is} ne 'thunked';
$opts{is} = 'ro';
$orig->($name, %opts); # so we have method to modify
install_modifier $target, 'before', $name => sub {
my $self = shift;
return if @_; # attempt at setting, hand to auto
my $value = $self->{$name};
return if !eval { CodeLike->($value); 1 }; # attempt at reading and already resolved
$self->{$name} = $value->();
$opts{isa}->($self->{$name}) if $opts{isa}; # validate
}
});
}
这适用于" thunking"属性。它仅在属性为ro
时才起作用,并且会在读取时安静地解析任何CodeLike
值。它可以像这样使用:
package Thunking;
use Moo;
use MooX::Thunking;
use Types::Standard -all;
use Types::Thunking -all;
has attr => (
is => 'thunked',
isa => Thunk[ArrayRef],
);
BUILDARGS
和lazy
另一种方法,由强大的@haarg建议:
package MooX::Thunking;
use MooX::Utils;
use Types::TypeTiny -all;
use Class::Method::Modifiers qw(install_modifier);
sub import {
my $target = scalar caller;
override_function($target, 'has', sub {
my ($orig, $name, %opts) = @_;
$orig->($name, %opts), return if $opts{is} ne 'thunked';
$opts{is} = 'lazy';
my $gen_attr = "_gen_$name";
$orig->($gen_attr => (is => 'ro'));
$opts{builder} = sub { $_[0]->$gen_attr->(); };
install_modifier $target, 'around', 'BUILDARGS' => sub {
my ($orig, $self) = (shift, shift);
my $args = $self->$orig(@_);
$args->{$gen_attr} = delete $args->{$name} if eval { CodeLike->($args->{$name}); 1 };
return $args;
};
$orig->($name, %opts);
});
}
它使用内置的lazy
机制,创建一个builder
,如果给出的话,它将调用提供的CodeLike
。一个重要的缺点是这种技术不适用于Moo::Role
。