尝试通过以下步骤在我的服务器上配置SSL证书后尝试重新启动Apache时出现错误：
sudo yum install mod_ssl
如下配置我的ssl.conf（所有已验证的文件都存在于其路径位置）。只有这些行更改为默认值：
- DocumentRoot“/var/www/mydomain.com”
- ServerName www.mydomain.com:443
- SSLCertificateFile /etc/pki/tls/certs/mydomain.com.crt
- SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/private/mydomain.com.key
- SSLCACertificateFile /etc/pki/tls/certs/ca_mydomain.com.crt
重启apache
错误：
httpd.service的作业失败，因为控制进程退出并显示错误代码。有关详细信息，请参阅“systemctl status httpd.service”和“journalctl -xe”。
输出'systemctl status httpd.service'：
httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Thu 2017-08-24 03:20:27 UTC; 14s ago
Docs: man:httpd(8)
man:apachectl(8)
Process: 23587 ExecStop=/bin/kill -WINCH ${MAINPID} (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
Process: 19255 ExecReload=/usr/sbin/httpd $OPTIONS -k graceful (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 23586 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/httpd $OPTIONS -DFOREGROUND (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
Main PID: 23586 (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
Aug 24 03:20:27 web systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
Aug 24 03:20:27 web systemd[1]: httpd.service: main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
Aug 24 03:20:27 web kill[23587]: kill: cannot find process ""
Aug 24 03:20:27 web systemd[1]: httpd.service: control process exited, code=exited status=1
Aug 24 03:20:27 web systemd[1]: Failed to start The Apache HTTP Server.
Aug 24 03:20:27 web systemd[1]: Unit httpd.service entered failed state.
Aug 24 03:20:27 web systemd[1]: httpd.service failed.
'journalctl -xe'的输出：
Aug 24 03:33:22 web polkitd[352]: Registered Authentication Agent for unix-process:23639:84834340 (system bus name :1.905
Aug 24 03:33:22 web systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
-- Subject: Unit httpd.service has begun start-up
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel
--
-- Unit httpd.service has begun starting up.
Aug 24 03:33:22 web systemd[1]: httpd.service: main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
Aug 24 03:33:22 web kill[23646]: kill: cannot find process ""
Aug 24 03:33:22 web systemd[1]: httpd.service: control process exited, code=exited status=1
Aug 24 03:33:22 web systemd[1]: Failed to start The Apache HTTP Server.
-- Subject: Unit httpd.service has failed
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel
--
-- Unit httpd.service has failed.
--
-- The result is failed.
Aug 24 03:33:22 web systemd[1]: Unit httpd.service entered failed state.
Aug 24 03:33:22 web systemd[1]: httpd.service failed.
Aug 24 03:33:22 web polkitd[352]: Unregistered Authentication Agent for unix-process:23639:84834340 (system bus name :1.9
Aug 24 03:34:05 web sudo[23651]: Nazar : TTY=pts/0 ; PWD=/etc/httpd/conf ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/bin/mv ../conf.d/ssl.c
Aug 24 03:34:08 web sudo[23653]: Nazar : TTY=pts/0 ; PWD=/etc/httpd/conf ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/sbin/apachectl start
Aug 24 03:34:08 web polkitd[352]: Registered Authentication Agent for unix-process:23656:84838914 (system bus name :1.906
Aug 24 03:34:08 web systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
-- Subject: Unit httpd.service has begun start-up
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel
--
-- Unit httpd.service has begun starting up.
Aug 24 03:34:08 web systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.
-- Subject: Unit httpd.service has finished start-up
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel
--
-- Unit httpd.service has finished starting up.
--
-- The start-up result is done.
Aug 24 03:34:08 web polkitd[352]: Unregistered Authentication Agent for unix-process:23656:84838914 (system bus name :1.9
Aug 24 03:51:12 web sshd[23811]: Received disconnect from 221.194.47.224: 11: [preauth]
Aug 24 03:53:38 web sshd[23816]: Received disconnect from 221.194.47.233: 11: [preauth]
我的ssl.conf副本：
# When we also provide SSL we have to listen to the
# the HTTPS port in addition.
#
Listen 443 https
##
## SSL Global Context
##
## All SSL configuration in this context applies both to
## the main server and all SSL-enabled virtual hosts.
##
# Pass Phrase Dialog:
# Configure the pass phrase gathering process.
# The filtering dialog program (`builtin' is a internal
# terminal dialog) has to provide the pass phrase on stdout.
SSLPassPhraseDialog exec:/usr/libexec/httpd-ssl-pass-dialog
# Inter-Process Session Cache:
# Configure the SSL Session Cache: First the mechanism
# to use and second the expiring timeout (in seconds).
SSLSessionCache shmcb:/run/httpd/sslcache(512000)
SSLSessionCacheTimeout 300
# Pseudo Random Number Generator (PRNG):
# Configure one or more sources to seed the PRNG of the
# SSL library. The seed data should be of good random quality.
# WARNING! On some platforms /dev/random blocks if not enough entropy
# is available. This means you then cannot use the /dev/random device
# because it would lead to very long connection times (as long as
# it requires to make more entropy available). But usually those
# platforms additionally provide a /dev/urandom device which doesn't
# block. So, if available, use this one instead. Read the mod_ssl User
# Manual for more details.
SSLRandomSeed startup file:/dev/urandom 256
SSLRandomSeed connect builtin
#SSLRandomSeed startup file:/dev/random 512
#SSLRandomSeed connect file:/dev/random 512
#SSLRandomSeed connect file:/dev/urandom 512
#
# Use "SSLCryptoDevice" to enable any supported hardware
# accelerators. Use "openssl engine -v" to list supported
# engine names. NOTE: If you enable an accelerator and the
# server does not start, consult the error logs and ensure
# your accelerator is functioning properly.
#
SSLCryptoDevice builtin
#SSLCryptoDevice ubsec
##
## SSL Virtual Host Context
##
<VirtualHost _default_:443>
# General setup for the virtual host, inherited from global configuration
DocumentRoot "/var/www/mydomain.com"
ServerName www.mydomain.com:443
# Use separate log files for the SSL virtual host; note that LogLevel
# is not inherited from httpd.conf.
ErrorLog logs/ssl_error_log
TransferLog logs/ssl_access_log
LogLevel warn
# SSL Engine Switch:
# Enable/Disable SSL for this virtual host.
SSLEngine on
# SSL Protocol support:
# List the enable protocol levels with which clients will be able to
# connect. Disable SSLv2 access by default:
SSLProtocol all -SSLv2
# SSL Cipher Suite:
# List the ciphers that the client is permitted to negotiate.
# See the mod_ssl documentation for a complete list.
SSLCipherSuite HIGH:MEDIUM:!aNULL:!MD5:!SEED:!IDEA
# Speed-optimized SSL Cipher configuration:
# If speed is your main concern (on busy HTTPS servers e.g.),
# you might want to force clients to specific, performance
# optimized ciphers. In this case, prepend those ciphers
# to the SSLCipherSuite list, and enable SSLHonorCipherOrder.
# Caveat: by giving precedence to RC4-SHA and AES128-SHA
# (as in the example below), most connections will no longer
# have perfect forward secrecy - if the server's key is
# compromised, captures of past or future traffic must be
# considered compromised, too.
#SSLCipherSuite RC4-SHA:AES128-SHA:HIGH:MEDIUM:!aNULL:!MD5
#SSLHonorCipherOrder on
# Server Certificate:
# Point SSLCertificateFile at a PEM encoded certificate. If
# the certificate is encrypted, then you will be prompted for a
# pass phrase. Note that a kill -HUP will prompt again. A new
# certificate can be generated using the genkey(1) command.
SSLCertificateFile /etc/pki/tls/certs/mydomain.com.crt
# Server Private Key:
# If the key is not combined with the certificate, use this
# directive to point at the key file. Keep in mind that if
# you've both a RSA and a DSA private key you can configure
# both in parallel (to also allow the use of DSA ciphers, etc.)
SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/private/mydomain.com.key
# Server Certificate Chain:
# Point SSLCertificateChainFile at a file containing the
# concatenation of PEM encoded CA certificates which form the
# certificate chain for the server certificate. Alternatively
# the referenced file can be the same as SSLCertificateFile
# when the CA certificates are directly appended to the server
# certificate for convinience.
#SSLCertificateChainFile /etc/pki/tls/certs/ca_mydomain.com.crt
# Certificate Authority (CA):
# Set the CA certificate verification path where to find CA
# certificates for client authentication or alternatively one
# huge file containing all of them (file must be PEM encoded)
SSLCACertificateFile /etc/pki/tls/certs/ca_mydomain.com.crt
# Client Authentication (Type):
# Client certificate verification type and depth. Types are
# none, optional, require and optional_no_ca. Depth is a
# number which specifies how deeply to verify the certificate
# issuer chain before deciding the certificate is not valid.
#SSLVerifyClient require
#SSLVerifyDepth 10
# Access Control:
# With SSLRequire you can do per-directory access control based
# on arbitrary complex boolean expressions containing server
# variable checks and other lookup directives. The syntax is a
# mixture between C and Perl. See the mod_ssl documentation
# for more details.
#<Location />
#SSLRequire ( %{SSL_CIPHER} !~ m/^(EXP|NULL)/ \
# and %{SSL_CLIENT_S_DN_O} eq "Snake Oil, Ltd." \
# and %{SSL_CLIENT_S_DN_OU} in {"Staff", "CA", "Dev"} \
# and %{TIME_WDAY} >= 1 and %{TIME_WDAY} <= 5 \
# and %{TIME_HOUR} >= 8 and %{TIME_HOUR} <= 20 ) \
# or %{REMOTE_ADDR} =~ m/^192\.76\.162\.[0-9]+$/
#</Location>
# SSL Engine Options:
# Set various options for the SSL engine.
# o FakeBasicAuth:
# Translate the client X.509 into a Basic Authorisation. This means that
# the standard Auth/DBMAuth methods can be used for access control. The
# user name is the `one line' version of the client's X.509 certificate.
# Note that no password is obtained from the user. Every entry in the user
# file needs this password: `xxj31ZMTZzkVA'.
# o ExportCertData:
# This exports two additional environment variables: SSL_CLIENT_CERT and
# SSL_SERVER_CERT. These contain the PEM-encoded certificates of the
# server (always existing) and the client (only existing when client
# authentication is used). This can be used to import the certificates
# into CGI scripts.
# o StdEnvVars:
# This exports the standard SSL/TLS related `SSL_*' environment variables.
# Per default this exportation is switched off for performance reasons,
# because the extraction step is an expensive operation and is usually
# useless for serving static content. So one usually enables the
# exportation for CGI and SSI requests only.
# o StrictRequire:
# This denies access when "SSLRequireSSL" or "SSLRequire" applied even
# under a "Satisfy any" situation, i.e. when it applies access is denied
# and no other module can change it.
# o OptRenegotiate:
# This enables optimized SSL connection renegotiation handling when SSL
# directives are used in per-directory context.
#SSLOptions +FakeBasicAuth +ExportCertData +StrictRequire
<Files ~ "\.(cgi|shtml|phtml|php3?)$">
SSLOptions +StdEnvVars
</Files>
<Directory "/var/www/cgi-bin">
SSLOptions +StdEnvVars
</Directory>
# SSL Protocol Adjustments:
# The safe and default but still SSL/TLS standard compliant shutdown
# approach is that mod_ssl sends the close notify alert but doesn't wait for
# the close notify alert from client. When you need a different shutdown
# approach you can use one of the following variables:
# o ssl-unclean-shutdown:
# This forces an unclean shutdown when the connection is closed, i.e. no
# SSL close notify alert is send or allowed to received. This violates
# the SSL/TLS standard but is needed for some brain-dead browsers. Use
# this when you receive I/O errors because of the standard approach where
# mod_ssl sends the close notify alert.
# o ssl-accurate-shutdown:
# This forces an accurate shutdown when the connection is closed, i.e. a
# SSL close notify alert is send and mod_ssl waits for the close notify
# alert of the client. This is 100% SSL/TLS standard compliant, but in
# practice often causes hanging connections with brain-dead browsers. Use
# this only for browsers where you know that their SSL implementation
# works correctly.
# Notice: Most problems of broken clients are also related to the HTTP
# keep-alive facility, so you usually additionally want to disable
# keep-alive for those clients, too. Use variable "nokeepalive" for this.
# Similarly, one has to force some clients to use HTTP/1.0 to workaround
# their broken HTTP/1.1 implementation. Use variables "downgrade-1.0" and
# "force-response-1.0" for this.
BrowserMatch "MSIE [2-5]" \
nokeepalive ssl-unclean-shutdown \
downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0
# Per-Server Logging:
# The home of a custom SSL log file. Use this when you want a
# compact non-error SSL logfile on a virtual host basis.
CustomLog logs/ssl_request_log \
"%t %h %{SSL_PROTOCOL}x %{SSL_CIPHER}x \"%r\" %b"
</VirtualHost>
感谢您的帮助！提前谢谢：）
答案 0 :(得分：2)
<强>解决：
通过检查服务器的 error_log 输出来发现问题。这是由于我的证书/密钥文件的权限。我刚刚对文件运行了＆＃39; restorecon＆＃39; 命令，但它确实有效！